龙牙蕉组织培养技术

龙牙蕉吸芽茎尖经MS＋6-BA5．0mg／L＋AD20mg／L培养基诱导出不定芽后,在MS＋BA4mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L培养基上继代培养对不定芽的分化较好,平均分化倍数为2．6倍以上,无根小苗在1／2MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋AC1g／L培养基上进行生根培养,1周后长出新根。组培小苗移栽假植成活率94％,大田栽培表现正常。     

辣椒茎尖培养脱毒研究

以云南小米椒为试材，经无菌发芽，在2～3真叶时，经35℃处理4周，取无菌苗生长点，以MS为基本培养基，在其中分别添加6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)、玉米素(ZT)、细胞激动素(KT)、赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和萘乙酸(NAA)等生长调节剂进行培养。经筛选，发现其中MS BA7．0mg／L IAA0．05mg／L比较适宜于茎尖培养。MS ZT8．0mg／L GA32．0mg／L比较适宜于茎的伸长。将长2cm以上的芽无根苗转入1／2MS IAA0．2mg／L NAA0．1mg／L的培养基上有利于根的生长。生根后移入土壤可正常生长。1～1．5mm长的茎尖成苗脱毒率达96．3％。0．1～0．5mm长的茎尖脱毒率达100％。     

无刺树莓组培快繁技术研究

以无刺黑树莓和红树莓枝条顶芽茎尖为试材，进行组培快繁试验。结果表明，两种树莓的最佳启动培养基为MS＋6-BA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．3mg／L＋GA30．5mg／L，培养30天后均可形成3—5个丛状芽，长1～2cm，粗壮；最佳增殖培养基分别为MS＋6-BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．3mg／L，增殖倍数分别为3．20和3．11，芽生长粗壮，分化清晰；最佳生根培养基为MS＋NAA2．0mg／L，培养30天后生根3—5条，根长4～6cm，生长粗壮整齐，移植于细砂加腐土基质中，成活率达93％以上。     

木那格葡萄的组培快繁试验

以木那格葡萄的茎尖、单芽茎段为外植体，进行组培快繁试验。蛄果看出，适宜茎尖分化的培养基为B5 BA1．0mg／L IBA 0．1mg／L。适宜单芽茎段一次成苗生长的培养基为B3 BA0．05mg/L IBA0．2mg／L。适宜的生根培齐基为1／2MS IBA 0．2mg／L 蔗糖40g／L。健壮生根的试管苗要待4片叶以上移栽，移栽基质以蛭石较好。时间宜在4—5月份。     

金花梨组织培养研究

采用金花梨一年生枝梢的顶芽和侧芽为试材进行组织培养,将茎尖接种于1／2MS＋BA1．0～1．5rag／L＋IBA0．1mg／L＋GA31.0～2．0mg／L的培养基中培养,分化出丛状芽且分化早。适宜的增殖培养基为1／2M_S十BA1．5mg／L＋IBA0．2mg／L＋GA33．0mg／L,平均增殖倍数为5．68。G氏能明显促进外植体增殖和伸长。随着GA3浓度的升高,外植体的增殖系数和伸长长度增加,在诋3．0mg／L时,增殖系数达到6．47,茎伸长到3．90cm,苗生长正常。1／2MS＋IBA0．3＋NAA0．5＋AC100诱导生根效果较好,生根率迭62．8％。     

甘肃徽县银杏茎尖茎段组织培养试验研究

通过对徽县地方银杏良种田河银杏进行茎尖茎段的组织培养试验研究得知：在当地外植体的最佳采摘时间为5月下旬～4月下旬，初代培养的最佳部位为中部、上部，初代培养时加入活性炭能有效防止外植体褐化。继代扩繁的最佳培养基为MS＋6-BA1．0～2．Omg／L＋NAAO．5mg／L＋2，4-D0．1mg／L或MS＋KT1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L＋2，4-D0．1mg／L；壮苗培养基为MS＋6－BA1．0mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L；1／2MS＋IBA0．8～1．0mg／L及MX＋IBA0．8～1．0mg／L是银杏适宜的生根培养基，通过适当地炼苗移栽和栽培管理，能有效提高成活率。     

玻璃化法超低温保存柑桔茎尖及植株再生

 采用玻璃化法对柑桔茎尖的离体超低温保存进行了研究。约10 mm 长的柑桔茎尖于含5 %二甲基亚砜(DMSO) 的培养基上预培养3 d , 切取2～2. 5 mm 长的茎尖, 室温下60 %玻璃化溶液2 (PVS2) 装载20～30 min , 然后用PVS2 于0 ℃处理50～60 min , 换入新鲜的PVS2 , 迅速投入液氮中, 24 h 后在40 ℃水浴中迅速化冻, 再用1. 2 mol/L 蔗糖培养基洗涤2次, 接种于含BA 1. 0 mg/L 的MT培养基上, 26 ℃暗培养1 周后转于正常光下培养。枳壳茎尖超低温保存后用氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC) 法检测, 成活率为100 % , 培养再生率达到90 % ,再生后的苗能正常生根, 与对照没有形态上的变异, 移栽可成活。     

不同激素对春石斛的组织培养影响研究初报

用春石斛（Dend robium nobile）1～3mm的茎尖为外植体，以1／2MS为基本培养基，调节不同激素水平诱导芽体萌发，进行繁殖培养。研究结果表明：萌芽诱导阶段：1／2MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L＋椰子汁200rnL／L＋蔗糖30g／L＋活性碳3g／L＋琼脂5g／L中萌芽早，生长快；继代和增殖培养阶段：以1／2MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋NAA2．0mg／L＋椰子汁200mL／L＋蔗糖15g/L＋活性碳3g／L＋琼脂5g／L效果最好；生根阶段培养基：1／2MS4-NAA0．1mg／L＋蔗糖15g／L＋活性碳3g／L＋琼脂5g／L每茎段可生根4条肉质健壮，在培养过程中达到了较好的效果。     

樱桃砧木‘大青叶’茎段离体培养与快繁技术

以引种栽培的樱桃砧木‘大青叶’茎段为试材,探讨基本培养基和植物生长调节剂对茎段腋芽萌发、生长与增殖的效应,筛选离体培养的最适培养基。结果表明：MS＋6－BA0．5mg／L＋zT 0．1mg／L＋蔗糖20g／L＋琼脂0．6mg／L、MS＋6－BA1．0mg／L＋ZT 0．1g／L＋蔗糖20g／L为丛生芽诱导及分化增殖的最适培养基;1／2MS＋IBA 0．7mg／L＋NAA 0．2mg／L＋琼脂0．6mg／L为生根诱导的最佳培养基配方。     

蓝粉石竹的组织培养和快速繁殖

以蓝粉石竹的茎尖为起始外植体，进行蓝粉石竹离体培养快繁技术的研究。结果表明茎尖在MS＋KT7mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L的培养基上，诱导分化效果都较好，诱导率可达100％；诱导出的顶茅转入Ms（1号大量元素为Ms标准配方的75％，MgS04在Ms标准配方的基础上另加540mg／L）＋KT2mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L的培养基中增殖效果最佳，增值系数可达5～7；所得增值芽在Ms（配方同增殖培养基）＋AC1g／L的培养基中诱导生根，生根率达98％，筛盘种植成活率也达到100％。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.