鄱阳湖,梁子湖,淤泥湖团头鲂鱼种生产性能比较试验

我们于１９９７年３月９日至１３日分别从湖北鄂州市武昌鱼原种场和公安县淤泥湖渔场 两地引进团头鲂亲本各３０组,鄱阳湖团头鲂来源于与鄱阳湖水系相通的天然大消湖种质资源库。将三个不同水域的团头鲂在江西省鄱阳湖团头鲂原种场经短期强化培育进行了人工养殖,得到试验用水花鱼苗,将不同水域团头鲂Ｆ１代水花至夏花阶段为同水体用水花网片分格培育,夏花冬片阶段分单养和混养两种对比试验方式进行,其结果为：水花至夏花阶段鄱     

鄱阳湖、梁子湖和淤泥湖三水域团头鲂人工繁殖对比试验

团头鲂系我国长江中下游静水性湖泊中特有的野生品种,属鲤形目、鲤科、编亚科的重要经济鱼类。六十年代初经人工驯养并大范围推广养殖,团头鲂成为一大优良的养殖品种。经专家考证,我国仅在鄱阳湖、梁子湖和淤泥湖仅有的几个天然湖泊中有团头鲂的种质资源分布,我国对梁子湖和淤泥湖的团头鲂种群有较深入的研究,而鄱阳湖团头鲂在国内尚未见系统的研究报告。为了掌握不同水域团头鲂在我地的人工繁殖规律,为探索出繁殖习性更优越的自然种群,我们于１９９７年的春繁期间在江西省鄱阳湖团头鲂原种场进行了３个不同水域团头鲂人工繁殖对比试…     

淤泥湖团头鲂的引进与养殖试验

１９９１年对淤泥团头鲂和本地团头鲂进行了对比养殖试验，经１５７天养殖，淤泥团头鲂平均增重２．０５倍，本地团头鲂平均增重０．８３倍同年１１月，专家鉴定认为，本研究在山东省属首次，其技术为省内先进水平。     

淤泥湖团头鲂的引进与养植试验

１９９１年对淤泥湖四头鲂和本地团头鲂进行了对比养殖试验。经１５７天养殖，淤泥湖四头鲂平均增重２．０５倍，本地团头鲂平均增重０．８３倍。同年１１月，专家鉴定认为，本研究在山东省属首次，其技术为省内先进水平。     

淤泥湖团头鲂的形态及生殖力研究

报道淤泥湖团头鲂野生种群的生物学持征。调查内容包括可数性状、可量性状、性成熟规律及繁殖力等。     

不同水域团头鲂鱼苗、鱼种生长试验研究

团头鲂肉质细嫩,含肉量高,又具有食性广、抗病率强、生长速度快、生活适应性广等优点,已在我国湖泊、水库形成自然种群,并已成为池塘主要养殖对象。然而在一些团头鲂养殖的水域中,特别是在池塘养殖中,发现团头鲂性腺早熟、生长速度下降、个体明显减小、抗病率差等现象。我们于2010年4月至11月分别对梁子湖、淤泥湖和鄱阳湖团头鲂性成熟     

翻阳湖、梁子湖、淤泥湖──三水域团头鲂苗种生产性能比较试验

我们于1997年3月9日至13日分别从湖北鄂州市武昌鱼原种场和公安县淤泥湖渔场两地引进团头翁亲本各30组,邵阳湖团头纷来源于与部阳湖水系相通的天然大沙湖种质资源库。将三个不同水域的团头翁在江西省鄱阳湖团头防原种场经短期强化培育进行人工繁殖,得到试验用水花鱼苗,将不同水域团头妨F1代水花至夏花阶段在同水体用网片分隔培育,夏花冬片阶段分单养和混养两种对比试验方式进行。其结果为：水花至夏花阶段鄱阳湖、梁子湖、淤泥湖团头防的成活率依次为73．25％、70％、65．5％;夏花至冬片鱼种阶段各水域团头纺F1代成活率无明显差异,其…     

淤泥湖、梁子湖、鄱阳湖团头鲂mtDNA序列变异及遗传结构分析

测定了淤泥湖、梁子湖及鄱阳湖团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)共53尾样本的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)控制区序列。结果显示:在获得的411 bp长度控制区序列中,检测到3个突变位点、5个单倍型。遗传多样性分析显示,3个种群的遗传多样性水平比较低,且淤泥湖种群最低。分子方差分析(AMOVA)表明,淤泥湖种群与其它两个种群有明显遗传分化,但梁子湖与鄱阳湖种群间未出现分化。     

淤泥湖团头鲂与梁子湖团头鲂杂交子一代的性状研究

团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)是一种优良的淡水养殖鱼类,但在家养条件下连续传代会引起经济性状指标下降。本试验通过原种选优,以优配优的杂交组合,得出淤泥湖团头鲂与梁子湖团头鲂杂交子一代和回交子代。经饲养观察,证明杂交子一代和回交子代都有良好的生长优势,含肉率和粗蛋白含量相对增高,经济性状较亲本更好。血清蛋白电泳分析结果表明,杂交子代与亲本存在着质的差异。     

湖北淤泥湖团头舫mtDNA限制性片段长度多态性的研究

用ＢａｍＨＩ、ＢｇｌＩ、ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＫｐｎＩ、ＰｓｔＩ，ＰｖｕⅡＳａｃⅡ、ＳａｃＩ、ＳｃａＩ、ＸｂａＩ，ＸｂａＩ和ＸｈｏＩ十四种限制性内切酶对来源于湖北淤泥湖的团头舫进行线粒体ＤＮＡ限制性片估长度多态性研究。初步表明ＤＮＡ上切点呈现不同程度的多态性。共检测到六种母集集团。发现一尾团头舫ｍｔＤＮＡ分子大小比普通型鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ小约０．７０ｋｂ。呈现出ｍｔＤＮＡ发子大小多态现象。     

精养池团头鲂青鱼混养技术

用配合饲料在面积为 16亩的精养池中混养团头鲂和青鱼 ,搭配适量鲢、鳙、鲫 ,获得总产量 14 770kg ,平均亩产92 3.1kg ,其中吃食性鱼产量 10 870kg ,平均亩产 6 79.4kg ,饲料系数为 1.6 4。平均亩利润 14 10 .1元 ,取得了较好的经济效益     

Identification of the adherent microbiota on the gills and skin of poly‐cultured gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih)

PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was applied to analyse the microbial community attached to the gills and skin of poly‐cultured gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala Yih) and compare these results with those detected in the rearing water. The microbiota discussed included bacteria, fungi and a specific bacterial taxa of actinomycetes was also analysed. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and some unclassified microbiota were identified. Based on our results, we concluded that: (1) the adherent bacterial/fungal communities on the gills and skin were different from those in the rearing water, (2) the bacterial/fungal diversities on fish gills were lower than that on fish skin, (3) the adherent bacterial/fungal communities on gill and skin of gibel carp were different from that of bluntnose black bream and (4) the adherent actinomycetal community showed certain similarity between the skin of different hosts. Based on our conclusions, we suggested that the topic investigated in the present study merits further investigations.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of fructooligosaccharide on growth performance,body composition,intestinal enzymes activities and histology of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, body composition, intestinal enzymes activities and histology of fingerling Megalobrama amblycephala. A total of 1200 fish (1.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g kg⁻¹ diet) for 8 weeks in a recirculating system indoor. The weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate were all improved in dietary supplementation of FOS fed fish. Increasing FOS levels resulted in both higher whole‐body lipid and lower moisture contents, whereas ash and protein contents showed no significant differences among all the treatments. Intestinal amylase, protease, Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase activities all increased with dietary FOS levels up to 4 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that microvilli length in the mid‐intestine was significantly increased with increased dietary FOS levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FOS could confer benefits on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive ability, histology of fingerling Megalobrama amblycephala.     

Production of interploid triploids by 4n × 2n blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala. Yih) and their first performance data

Positive and negative interploid triploids of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) were produced by reciprocal crossing autotetraploids with diploids. Fertilization and hatching rate of negative interploid triploid, 2n♀× 4n♂, at different reproductive ages was similar to that of control, but higher than that of positive interploid triploid, 4n♀× 2n♂. Additionally, the development rate of embryos of the positive interploid triploid, 4n♀× 2n♂, was slower than that of control and the negative interploid triploid, 2n♀× 4n♂. Gonad growth of the positive and negative interploid 3n was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parents, and spawning could not be induced both in females and males at the 2+ age. The negative interploid 3n (2n♀× 4n♂) had a significantly higher survival rate than the positive interploid 3n (4n♀× 2n♂), but close to the level of the control (P<0.05). The daily growth rate of the negative interploid 3n was similar to that of the good breed ‘Pujiang No. 1’ blunt snout bream (2n) during the early life stages.     

湖北淤泥湖团头鲂优良性状及种质研究

本文采用比较分析的方法,阐明了团头鲂的淤泥湖种群与其它种群相区别的形态特征,以及该种群的优良经济性状及种质.     

Protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid in practical diets for blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings: effects on digestive and metabolic responses

This study aimed to evaluate the protein-sparing effect of dietary lipid on digestive and metabolic responses of fingerling Megalobrama amblycephala. Fish were fed nine practical diets with three protein levels (270, 310 and 350 g kg⁻¹) and three lipid levels (40, 70 and 100 g kg⁻¹) for 8 weeks. Weight gain was significantly affected only by dietary lipid levels with the highest found in fish fed 70 g kg⁻¹ lipid. Relative feed intake and whole-body protein content showed little difference among all the treatments. Activities of intestine lipase and amylase increased significantly as dietary lipid levels increased, whereas little difference was observed in protease activities. Liver lipid content was significantly affected only by protein levels with the lowest found in fish fed 310 g kg⁻¹ protein. Liver aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) activities increased significantly with decreasing lipid levels, whereas the highest GOT activity was obtained in fish fed 310 g kg⁻¹ protein in terms of dietary protein levels. Activities of liver lipoprotein lipase, total lipase and plasma cholesterol concentration of fish fed 350 g kg⁻¹ protein were significantly lower than that of the other groups, whereas the same was true for plasma 3, 5, 3′-triiodothyronine level of fish fed 270 g kg⁻¹ protein. The results indicated that an increase of dietary lipid content from 40 to 70 g kg⁻¹ can enhance the growth and digestive enzyme activities of this species and reduce the proportion of dietary protein catabolized for energy without inducing hepatic steatosis; meanwhile, decreasing protein level from 350 to 310 g kg⁻¹ leads to the increase of lipase activities both in intestine and liver coupled with the reduced liver lipid content.     

Effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on growth performance,fatty acid profile and lipogenesis of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)

Six diets were designed to investigate the effects of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3; DHA) levels (0.5, 1.3, 2.3, 4.2, 8.1 and 15.9 g/kg diets) on growth performance, fatty acid profile and expression of some lipogenesis‐related genes of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Fish (average weight: 26.40 ± 0.11 g) were randomly fed one of six diets for 8 weeks. Results indicated that the final body weight (FBW) and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed 1.3 g/kg DHA were significantly higher than other groups except for the 2.3 g/kg DHA (p < .05). Compared with other groups, the number of lipid droplet clusters of the liver stained with oil red O in the 2.3 g/kg DHA group was the highest, which was consistent with the lipid contents of whole body and liver. The DHA proportion in liver and muscle significantly increased with the increasing dietary DHA levels (p < .05), which reflected fatty acid profiles of diets. The highest mRNA expressions of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1 (SREBP‐1) occurred in the 1.3 g/kg DHA group, followed by 2.3 g/kg DHA. In summary, the supplementation of 1.3–2.3 g/kg DHA could improve growth performance and lipogenesis, and the dietary DHA could improve DHA and PUFA proportion in liver and muscle.