棉饼对绵羊尿结石形成的影响

试验选用21~25 kg 4月龄断奶公羔30只,采用单因子3水平,随机分成3组,试验1组羊每只每天喂给棉饼70 g,试验2组每只每天140 g,试验3组每只每天210 g,以研究日粮中棉饼喂量对绵羊尿液的影响。结果表明,试验1组绵羊尿液pH值、尿蛋白和沉渣都没有变化,而随饲喂时间延长,试验2、3组绵羊尿液pH值不断增大,尿蛋白含量升高,尿结晶也增多,体积增大。     

棉籽饼粕在畜禽中的应用及棉酚的脱毒方法研究

<正>我国是一个产棉大国,拥有丰富的棉花资源,2000年棉花产量达441.7万吨,其中新疆占145.6万吨。我国年产棉籽量可达663万吨,除一小部分留作种用,剩下的用于榨油,估计可生产出318万吨左右的棉籽饼粕(含壳约15%)及106万吨左右的棉籽油。用于饲料的棉籽饼粕仅占16%左右,绝大部分直接作肥料。据试验证明,棉籽饼粕作肥料只能利用氮源的     

Effects of gossypol and cottonseed products on reproduction of mammals.

Gossypol is a toxic factor indigenous to the cotton plant genus Gossypium. Concentrations of free gossypol contained in feedstuffs such as whole cottonseed and cottonseed meals vary considerably. Nonruminant animals are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of gossypol, whereas ruminants are somewhat more resistant. Signs of gossypol toxicosis in nonruminants, preruminants, and ruminants are similar and include labored breathing, dyspnea, decreased growth rate, and anorexia but are not pathognomonic. Postmortem findings include generalized edema and congestion of lungs and liver, fluid-filled thoracic and peritoneal cavities, and degeneration of heart fibers. The antifertility effect observed in many nonruminant species is overshadowed by toxic effects, particularly in females. Gossypol seems to disrupt estrous cycles, pregnancy, and early embryo development in females of all nonruminant species studied. Probable mechanisms include an endocrine effect on the ovary as well as a cytotoxic effect on the uterus or embryo. The female ruminant seems to be relatively insensitive to the antifertility effect of gossypol; however, in vitro data indicate some inhibition of embryonic development and ovarian steroidogenesis. The antifertility effect of gossypol has been studied most in males of nonruminant species. The effects of gossypol in the male are both dose- and time-dependent. At effective doses, gossypol causes males to be infertile because of sperm immotility and depressed sperm counts. Specific mitochondrial damage in the tails of spermatozoa seems to render them immotile, and extensive damage to germinal epithelium may be responsible for depressions in spermatogenesis. In ruminant males fed diets containing gossypol, ejaculated sperm appears normal under light microscopy. The integrity of the membrane of sperm cells may be damaged. Extensive damage to the germinal epithelium has been shown in both rams and bulls fed diets containing gossypol and is of major concern.     

Effects of gossypol from cottonseed meal and dietary vitamin E on the reproductive characteristics of superovulated beef heifers

Superovulated Hereford-Angus crossbred heifers (average 397 kg BW) were used to test the effect of feeding cottonseed meal (gossypol) and vitamin E on embryo quality and ovarian characteristics. Twenty-four heifers were assigned randomly to four treatments with six heifers per treatment. Treatments were the following dietary supplements: 1) SBM (soybean meal + 30 IU vitamin E/kg of diet DM); 2) SBM+E (soybean meal + 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1)); 3) CSM (cottonseed meal + 30 IU vitamin E/kg of diet DM); and 4) CSM+E (cottonseed meal + 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) x d(-1)). Supplements based on cottonseed meal provided 43.5 g of total gossypol/d (37% negative isomer (-) and 63% positive isomer (+)). Blood samples were collected at the start of the experiment and every 3 wk thereafter up to 12 wk. Plasma a-tocopherol (alpha-T) concentration was affected by treatments (P < 0.05). Heifers supplemented with cottonseed meal had greater (P < 0.05) alpha-T concentration in plasma than heifers supplemented with soybean meal at each concentration of vitamin E. Supplementation at 4,000 IU vitamin E x animal(-1) d(-1) increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of a-T in plasma. Weight gain, hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by treatment. Erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) increased (P < 0.05) in cottonseed meal-fed animals; however, EOF was lowered (P < 0.05) with vitamin E supplementation. Heifers fed CSM and CSM+E supplements had greater (P < 0.01) concentrations of (-)-, (+)-, and total-gossypol in plasma, corpora lutea (CL), liver, and endometrium than heifers fed SBM and SBM+E supplements. Tissue alpha-T concentration increased with increased dietary supplemental vitamin E, particularly in great amounts in the CL. Because there was no adverse effect of gossypol on superovulation response or embryo development despite concentrations of gossypol in endometrium that are toxic to embryos, it is likely that systems exist in the reproductive tract to limit gossypol toxicity.     

猪棉籽饼中毒的诊治

2003年3月,我区某猪场更换饲喂棉籽饼替代部分豆粕,引起猪棉籽饼中毒,共有74头猪发病,其中死亡育肥猪7头、哺乳仔猪18头,4头母猪流产,造成重大的经济损失,现报告如下。     

棉籽饼对种鸡生产性能影响的饲养试验

棉籽饼中蛋白质含量较高,可以作为蛋白饲料开发利用,而棉籽饼中含有棉酚等有毒成分,必须经过脱毒才可利用.脱毒不完全会引起畜禽的中毒,表现为生产能力下降、繁殖力下降、不育.为验证棉籽饼对种鸡生产性能的影响,我们进行了本试验.     

Delinted cottonseed in diets for finishing sheep

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The use of agricultural by-products might provide an important alternative to improve animal agriculture and to reduce feeding costs. The effects of...     

添加铬对绵羊血液生化指标的影响

铬 (Ｃｒ)是畜禽必需的微量元素之一 ,作为葡萄糖耐量因子 (ＧＴＦ)的活性成分 ,主要通过ＧＴＦ协同和增强胰岛素的作用 ,而影响糖类、脂类、蛋白质和核酸的代谢 ,Ｃｒ对畜禽的生长、发育、免疫、繁殖和胴体品质均有影响。对动物Ｃｒ营养的研究主要集中在猪、禽、牛方面 ,在羊生产方面的研究尚不多见。本试验以添加无机铬 (ＣｒＣｌ3 ·6Ｈ2 Ｏ)、有机铬 (吡啶羧酸铬 ,ＣｒＰｉｃ)及烟酸于日粮中 ,探讨不同铬制剂对绵羊血液生化指标的影响。1　材料与方法1 1　试验动物与饲养管理　选用 1 6只健康无病、体重平均在 1 7.5ｋｇ左右、5月龄左…     

复合发酵对棉籽饼混合底物中FG和BG含量的影响

试验通过测定棉籽饼混合底物在微生物固体发酵过程中棉酚含量的变化,以研究复合发酵对棉籽饼混合底物中棉酚含量的影响。试验采用添加不同比例的ZD-3与ZD-5和ZD-3与ZD-8对棉籽饼混合底物进行二元复合发酵,然后测定发酵产物中TG、FG、BG含量。试验结果表明:棉籽饼混合底物经复合发酵处理后,均可极显著降低发酵底物中TGF、G和BG含量(P<0.01),并且FG和BG的减少部分均被降解消除;同时发现,ZD-3与ZD-5的复合发酵效果优于ZD-3与ZD-8的发酵效果,并且菌种比例对发酵结果有显著影响。当ZD-3与ZD-5的比例为3:1时,脱毒效果最好,脱毒率可达90.82%。     

三菌株协同固态发酵对棉粕脱毒效果及其生物活性的影响

利用现代固态发酵原理,研究3菌株协同固态发酵对棉粕脱毒效果及其生物活性的影响。结果表明,3菌株混合培养可显著降低棉粕底物中游离棉酚含量,其最佳工艺条件为:热带假丝酵母:拟内孢霉:植物乳杆菌配比为3:2:1;pH值为5.0;培养温度为25℃;棉粕:玉米粉:麸皮比为6:2:2时,棉粕的脱毒率最高,去除率为85.30%。利用3菌株协同固态发酵棉粕后,外观蓬松变软,气味芳香,同时酶活力增加,可提高其消化吸收率,培养后的活菌数可达59.7×108个/g,是非常优良的微生物饲料添加剂,本研究为棉粕在生物饲料中的开发利用提供了一条有效途径。     

棉粕和棉籽壳诱发雄性细毛羊尿结石

用棉粕和棉籽壳诱发雄性细毛羊尿结石,研究棉粕和棉籽壳引起雄性细毛羊尿结石的致病因素.测定结石羊血清和尿液的生化指标,观察尿液结晶和泌尿系统组织形态变化,并应用X线能谱分析法、X线衍射分析法、扫描电子显微镜观察法和红外分析光谱法对结石进行微观结构观察和成分分析.结果显示,膀胱结石主要成分为MgKPO4和MgKPO4·6H2O,肾结石主要成分为Mg2P2O7.结果表明,在产棉区,绵羊尿结石是由棉粕和棉籽壳导致的矿物质营养代谢疾病,尿结石的发生与棉粕和棉籽壳中高剂量棉酚和磷、钾、镬代谢有密切关系.     

Effect of feeding of calcium hydroxide-treated or vitamin E-supplemented cottonseed meal on plasma gossypol levels, blood parameters, and performance of Bikaneri lambs

To study the effect of feeding calcium hydroxide-treated or vitamin E-supplemented cottonseed meal (CSM) incorporated diets on plasma gossypol, blood parameters and animal performance, 24 male Bikaneri lambs of 6–7 months of age and of uniform body weight were divided into four groups of six animals each in a completely randomized design and respectively fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 20 % soybean meal (CON) or 40 % raw CSM (RCSM), 40 % raw CSM supplemented with 500 IU of vitamin E per head per day (ERCSM), and 40 %, 1.5 % calcium hydroxide-treated CSM (CaCSM) along with ad libitum wheat straw throughout 510 days of experimental feeding. The lambs on all the diets grew linearly throughout the experimental period. The total weight gain, in turn the average daily gain (ADG), was not affected by dietary variations. The daily intake of dry matter, crude protein (CP), digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were found comparable among lambs of all the groups. Though total gossypol intake was similar in RCSM, ECSM and CaCSM groups, however, free gossypol intake was significantly higher (P?<?0.01) in RCSM, ECSM groups as compared to CaCSM group. Serum iron and blood hemoglobin levels were significantly (P?<?0.05) lower in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and CON groups, and ALT activity was significantly (P?<?0.05) higher on RCSM group as compared to other groups. Plasma gossypol and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were significantly (P?<?0.05) increased in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and ERCSM groups. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of other blood/serum biochemical constituents among the lambs on different groups. Based on the results, it may be concluded that feeding of 40 % CSM in the concentrate mixture of the diet in Bikaneri lambs did not have any major adverse effect in blood parameters and animal performance. Either calcium hydroxide treatment or vitamin E supplementation did not produce any major additional benefits.     

棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕脱毒的对比研究

试验旨在研究对比棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕中游离棉酚与营养物质的影响,从而评定棉酚降解酶对棉籽粕脱毒的效果。利用棉酚降解酶及热带假丝酵母ZD-3对棉籽粕分别进行酶解与固态发酵。检测原棉籽粕及处理后棉籽粕中游离棉酚与营养物质的含量及蛋白质分子质量分布。棉籽粕经棉酚降解酶酶解后,游离棉酚的含量与原棉籽粕相比极显著降低,棉籽粕的脱毒率为92.67%,较热带假丝酵母ZD-3发酵后的脱毒率上升了4.46%,经棉酚降解酶酶解后及热带假丝酵母ZD-3发酵后的棉籽粕,两者的营养物质含量差异不显著,均未检测到棉籽粕中大分子蛋白质降解成小分子蛋白质的现象。棉酚降解酶可以很好的代替热带假丝酵母ZD-3应用于棉籽粕的脱毒,同时棉酚降解酶酶解脱毒较热带假丝酵母ZD-3固态发酵能够极大地缩短时间。     

Effects of electroimmobilisation on blood gas and pH status in sheep

Arterial blood gases, pH and haemoglobin concentrations were monitored for 20 minutes before, during and for 120 minutes after 60 seconds of electroimmobilisation (E-IM) at current strengths of 0 mA (control), 40 mA and 60 mA in 17 Merino ewes (36.3 +/- 1.0 kg) previously prepared with unilateral carotid artery loops. E-IM elicited whole body rigidity. During E-IM, breathing was stopped for 50 +/- 3 seconds (40 mA) and 56 +/- 2 seconds (60 mA). Arterial PO2 decreased to 43.2 +/- 2.4 mmHg (5.68 +/- 0.32 kPa) (40 mA) and 36.4 +/- 1.8 mmHg (60 mA) while arterial PCO2 rose to 59.7 +/- 1.9 mmHg (40 mA) and 69.8 +/- 2.0 mmHg (60 mA). There was a significant fall in arterial pH to 7.272 +/- 0.014 (40 mA) and 7.233 +/- 0.011 (60 mA) during E-IM and arterial haemoglobin increased by 34 +/- 3 per cent and 35 +/- 3 per cent at 40 mA and 60 mA, respectively. All the arterial blood gas and pH changes were significantly greater (P less than 0.05) during E-IM at 60 mA than at 40 mA. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the decrease in arterial PO2 during E-IM was directly related to the latency to breathe while the changes in arterial PCO2 and pH during E-IM were not.2+off     

Effects of supplementing herbaceous forage legume pellets on growth indices and blood profile of West African dwarf sheep fed Guinea grass

Twenty West African dwarf (WAD) rams with average body weight of 12.43?±?0.5 kg were used for the experiment that lasted 84 days to investigate the effects of supplementing herbaceous forage legume pellets on weight change and blood profile of animals fed Panicum maximum basal diet. Sole Panicum maximum served as the control diet and three other experimental diets were P. maximum supplemented with Lablab purpureus pellets, P. maximum supplemented with Calopogonium mucunoides pellets and P. maximum supplemented with Mucuna pruriens pellets constituted the four treatments which were arranged in a completely randomised design. The rams were divided into four groups of five animals each and were balanced for variation in live weight before they were assigned the experimental diets. Panicum maximum was offered to the animals ad libitum and legume pellets were supplemented. Significant differences (P?< 0.05) were observed in weight gain of the rams. Those fed the control diet had the lowest value of 41.88 g/day while rams supplemented L. purpureus pellets had the highest value (83.66 g/day). Haematological parameters, leucocyte values and serum biochemical indices of WAD rams were significantly (P?< 0.05) different across the dietary treatments at the final stage of the trial. The values for red blood cells, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and mean corpuscular haemoglobin decreased slightly in rams supplemented with M. pruriens pellets. Reduction of serum biochemical parameters was also noticed in rams supplemented with M. pruriens pellets. It can be concluded that L. purpureus pellets ranked the best among the herbaceous legume pellets as supplemental feed for West African dwarf sheep resulting in higher weight gain and better feed conversion efficiency with no deleterious effect on blood profile.

     

藏羊血中血红素提取工艺研究

通过正交试验确定了藏羊血中提取血红素的最优工艺条件,即：溶血时添加蒸馏水1倍、氯仿5倍、分离血红素时加丙酮5倍、离心时间为20min,pH值为3。