The human papilloma virus-16 E7 oncoprotein is able to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product

Deletions or mutations of the retinoblastoma gene, RB1, are common features of many tumors and tumor cell lines. Recently, the RB1 gene product, p105-RB, has been shown to form stable protein/protein complexes with the oncoproteins of two DNA tumor viruses, the adenovirus E1A proteins and the simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen. Neither of these viruses is thought to be associated with human cancer, but they can cause tumors in rodents. Binding between the RB anti-oncoprotein and the adenovirus or SV40 oncoprotein can be recapitulated in vitro with coimmunoprecipitation mixing assays. These assays have been used to demonstrate that the E7 oncoprotein of the human papilloma virus type-16 can form similar complexes with p105-RB. Human papilloma virus-16 is found associated with approximately 50 percent of cervical carcinomas. These results suggest that these three DNA viruses may utilize similar mechanisms in transformation and implicate RB binding as a possible step in human papilloma virus-associated carcinogenesis.     

Suppression of the neoplastic phenotype by replacement of the RB gene in human cancer cells

Mutational inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility (RB) gene has been proposed as a crucial step in the formation of retinoblastoma and other types of human cancer. This hypothesis was tested by introducing, via retroviral-mediated gene transfer, a cloned RB gene into retinoblastoma or osteosarcoma cells that had inactivated endogenous RB genes. Expression of the exogenous RB gene affected cell morphology, growth rate, soft agar colony formation, and tumorigenicity in nude mice. This demonstration of suppression of the neoplastic phenotype by a single gene provides direct evidence for an essential role of the RB gene in tumorigenesis.     

Identification of a chromosome 18q gene that is altered in colorectal cancers

Allelic deletions involving chromosome 18q occur in more than 70 percent of colorectal cancers. Such deletions are thought to signal the existence of a tumor suppressor gene in the affected region, but until now a candidate suppressor gene on this chromosomal arm had not been identified. A contiguous stretch of DNA comprising 370 kilobase pairs (kb) has now been cloned from a region of chromosome 18q suspected to reside near this gene. Potential exons in the 370-kb region were defined by human-rodent sequence identities, and the expression of potential exons was assessed by an "exon-connection" strategy based on the polymerase chain reaction. Expressed exons were used as probes for cDNA screening to obtain clones that encoded a portion of a gene termed DCC; this cDNA was encoded by at least eight exons within the 370-kb genomic region. The predicted amino acid sequence of the cDNA specified a protein with sequence similarity to neural cell adhesion molecules and other related cell surface glycoproteins. While the DCC gene was expressed in most normal tissues, including colonic mucosa, its expression was greatly reduced or absent in most colorectal carcinomas tested. Somatic mutations within the DCC gene observed in colorectal cancers included a homozygous deletion of the 5' end of the gene, a point mutation within one of the introns, and ten examples of DNA insertions within a 0.17-kb fragment immediately downstream of one of the exons. The DCC gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of human colorectal neoplasia, perhaps through alteration of the normal cell-cell interactions controlling growth.     

小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白（Imp）基因的克隆和分子特性分析

 【目的】探讨小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白在介体-病原-寄主互作的分子机理。【方法】通过植原体免疫膜蛋白基因序列两侧的保守区设计引物对Imp 1051/Imp 2265,用PCR方法扩增小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白基因;对扩增片段的最大开放阅读框和基因的同源矩阵、系统发育树分析;对克隆基因所编码蛋白进行跨膜区、亲疏水区和前导信号序列分析。【结果】从小麦蓝矮病病株和接种长春花中均扩增到约1.0 kb的特异片段,其中小麦蓝矮植原体免疫膜蛋白基因长495 bp,推导的编码蛋白含有164个氨基酸。与10种植原体的免疫膜蛋白基因进行序列同源性分析,小麦蓝矮与三叶草绿变植原体同源性最高,核苷酸和编码的氨基酸序列的同源率分别为98.4％和95.1％。蛋白质结构分析结果表明：小麦蓝矮免疫膜蛋白N端有一个跨膜的前导信号序列,C端为跨膜锚定区,中间为膜外亲水区。【结论】小麦蓝矮植原体与三叶草绿变、翠菊黄化、洋葱黄化和泡桐丛枝植原体的免疫膜蛋白为同型蛋白。     

狮头鹅与乌鬃鹅Myostatin的序列和表达分析比较

Myostatin（MSTN）是调控肌肉生长发育的重要基因.本研究旨在分析该基因在广东地方鹅种狮头鹅和乌鬃鹅中序列和表达的差异.研究使用rapid-amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）技术克隆了两鹅种MSTN基因的ORF、5′和3′UTR序列,对序列进行生信分析,并对MSTN在两鹅种不同组织,及胚胎15、23 d和1 日龄的表达进行了检测. 结果发现,两鹅种MSTN基因的ORF区和3′UTR区DNA序列差异较小,5′UTR区差异较大,狮头鹅该区域存在35 bp DNA片段缺失. 两鹅种MSTN ORF区DNA和氨基酸序列与浙东白鹅、绿头野鸭和鸡一致性最高,DNA序列一致性在94.77%以上,氨基酸序列一致性在98.40%以上. MSTN在两鹅种1日龄的腿肌中特异高表达,在心、肝、脾、肺、肾和小肠中不表达或微量表达,在胚胎15 d到1日龄的腿肌中表达逐渐升高,自胚胎期23 d起,MSTN在乌鬃鹅中的表达显著高于狮头鹅.研究为进一步探究MSTN在两鹅种胚胎肌肉发育时期可能发挥的不同调控功能奠定了基础.     

阿拉拉特小麦高分子量谷蛋白新基因1Gy的克隆及序列分析

利用y-型高分子量谷蛋白亚基的特异引物,对阿拉拉特小麦(PI427305)的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,得到大小为2.2 kb的目的条带,将该条带回收纯化并克隆到pMD18-T载体中,经梯度亚克隆测序拼接,得到编码区的全序列为2 202 bp(GenBank登录号:HM131806),共编码732个氨基酸。它与1Gy7*序列的同源性高达99%,而且氨基酸序列结构与大多数y-型亚基相同,推断该基因为1Gy。1Gy的分子量比1Gy7*稍小,迁移率比1Gy7*慢。与小麦属其他基因组编码的y-型亚基相比,其在靠近C端的重复区多了一个半胱氨酸残基。利用在线PSIPRED对其二级结构预测结果显示,其重复区主要是无规则卷曲结构。这些结构都可能使得1Gy对小麦加工品质产生正面影响。     

Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein

The tumor-suppressor gene p53 is altered by missense mutation in numerous human malignancies. However, the biochemical properties of p53 and the effect of mutation on these properties are unclear. A human DNA sequence was identified that binds specifically to wild-type human p53 protein in vitro. As few as 33 base pairs were sufficient to confer specific binding. Certain guanines within this 33-base pair region were critical, as methylation of these guanines or their substitution with thymine-abrogated binding. Human p53 proteins containing either of two missense mutations commonly found in human tumors were unable to bind significantly to this sequence. These data suggest that a function of p53 may be mediated by its ability to bind to specific DNA sequences in the human genome, and that this activity is altered by mutations that occur in human tumors.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry1Ib6基因的克隆、表达及活性的研究

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)能产生杀虫晶体蛋白(Insecticida Crystal Proteins, ICPs),对敏感昆虫有强烈毒性,而对高等动物和人无毒性。ICPs由cry或cyt基因编码,根据cry1I型基因设计引物,以Bt LB52菌株的质粒DNA为模板,扩增出了全长为2.1 kb的cry1I基因,其能通过表达载体pEB在大肠杆菌中高效表达为79.9 kDa的蛋白。经过AlginX软件分析该蛋白由712个氨基酸组成,分子量为79.9 kDa,等电点为6.54,为弱酸性蛋白质,NCBI Blast比对该蛋白的氨基酸序列与Cry1Ib3的相似性最高为98%,有12个氨基酸的差异。该基因已在GenBank中注册,登录号为ADK38579,并被国际基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ib6。它的表达产物对小菜蛾具有较高的毒力,LC50为1.196 μg/mL,为抗虫转基因植物研究提供了新的基因。     

缺失GDD保守区的黄瓜花叶病毒复制酶基因的克隆及植物表达载体构建

以CMV亚组1株系Fny-CMV RNA2基因组为模板,根据其序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到2.5 kb的全长复制酶基因扩增产物.对此产物进行纯化,并用NcoI和BspHI进行双酶切,得到3个片段,将不含有GDD保守区的2个片段用T4 DNA连接酶连接,并对连接产物进行PCR扩增,得到2.2kb左右缺失GDD保守区的黄瓜花叶病毒复制酶基因的扩增产物.将其克隆到pGEM-T Easy Vector上,进行序列测定,结果表明GDD保守区确已缺失.该缺失不导致开放阅读框架的移码将缺失GID保守区的基因定向克隆到植物表达载体pBI121中,并经三亲交配导入根癌农杆菌中,经PCR及酶切鉴定,证实质粒已被导入.     

里氏木霉β-葡萄糖苷酶基因的克隆及序列分析

文章以里氏木霉 (Trichoderma reesei)的基因组 DNA为模板 ,根据 Gen Bank上检索的 β-葡萄糖苷酶基因DNA序列 ,设计特异性引物 ,用高保真酶 probest polymerase进行 PCR扩增 ,获得了 2 .5 0 kb的 DNA片段。将其克隆在 p U C18的 Sma I位点上。测序结果表明 ,所获得的 DNA序列与 Gen Bank上检索的 β-葡萄糖苷酶基因的核苷酸序列同源性达 99.90 % ,氨基酸序列同源性达 10 0 %。     

甘南牦牛H-FABP基因CDS区多态性及生物信息学分析

应用PCR产物混合样本DNA池法检测甘南牦牛心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因CDS区多态性,并应用生物信息学方法分析甘南牦牛H-FABP蛋白质特性.结果表明:甘南牦牛H-FABP基因CDS区序列与九龙牦牛相同,而与普通牛对比在第3外显子存在*76G>A的同义突变;甘南牦牛H-FABP氨基酸序列没有明显的疏水性区域,也未形成跨膜螺旋区及信号肽,推测其主要在细胞质中发挥生物学作用;甘南牦牛H-FABP基因编码产物二级结构是以α-螺旋和β-折叠为主的mixed型;氨基酸序列与普通牛、山羊、马、人、小鼠、大鼠、鸡、草雀及绿鸭9个物种间同源性较高,与其实际亲缘关系远近一致.     

肠道微生物宏基因组文库构建及酯解酶基因筛选

利用宏基因组学方法,以人肠道微生物样品为原材料,构建了1个约30 000个克隆的fosmid文库.以三丁酸甘油酯为底物,通过功能筛选,获得1个酯解酶阳性克隆.对该阳性克隆构建亚克隆,挑选具有酯解酶活性的阳性亚克隆进行测序分析,最终获得1个肠道微生物来源的酯解酶基因(GenBank登录号:JQ972699).结果表明,文库克隆的平均插入片段约为40 kb,没有重复插入片段克隆.获得的酯解酶基因推演蛋白与Pyramidobacter piscolens W5455的patatin样磷脂酶同源性最高,氨基酸一致性为95％.生物信息学分析结果表明该基因可能通过Vd型分泌方式进行分泌并发挥功能.本研究是通过构建人肠道微生物宏基因组大片段文库并结合重组子功能筛选获得酯解酶的首次报道,可为食品工业提供新的酯解酶来源和筛选方法.     

水稻白叶枯病菌hrp调节基因hrpXoo的克隆与序列分析

 用化学方法诱变水稻白叶枯病菌PXO99A 菌株 ,获得 6株hrp-突变体 ,此突变体除丧失在非寄主烟草上激发过敏反应和在感病寄主水稻上的致病能力外 ,有些缺乏激发烟草产生HR的信号物质 ,有些在胞内存在此信号物质 ,而不能泌至胞外。来自Xanthomonasoryzaepv .oryzaeJXOIII粘粒基因文库的hrp基因克隆pUHRX2 4 5 ,所携hrp基因片段大小为 36 .8kb。系列亚克隆 36 .8kbhrp基因片段及各亚克隆对hrp-突变体功能互补作用的结果显示 ,3.3kbSacI片段为最小酶切功能片段。序列测定和分析结果表明 ,3.3kbhrp片段含hrpX oo基因和含与热激蛋白 90家族有关的 2个开放阅读框hspORF1和hspORF2。HspORF1在蛋白质数据库中未发现序列蛋白。HspORF2与Hsp90 Xo的同源性达 99%。hrpXoo与黄单胞菌中已报道的hrpX基因有很高的同源性(90 %以上 )。在黄单胞菌中高度保守的编码α 螺旋 转 α 螺旋结构的 6 0 bp核苷酸序列 ,在交叉功能互补时是必需的。不含此结构的hrpXoo (1.1kb)片段 ,可使JXOIII的hrp-突变体在水稻上具致病性和在非寄主烟草上激发产生HR ,但不能使来自PXO99A 和RS10 5的hrp-突变体恢复在烟草上激发产生HR的功能。黄单胞菌中已知HrpX的同列比较显示 ,X .oryzae和X .campestris种间在 88、196和 2 4 7位点的氨基酸上有     

p53: a frequent target for genetic abnormalities in lung cancer

Allele loss is a hallmark of chromosome regions harboring recessive oncogenes. Lung cancer frequently demonstrates loss of heterozygosity on 17p. Recent evidence suggests that the p53 gene located on 17p13 has many features of such an antioncogene. The p53 gene was frequently mutated or inactivated in all types of human lung cancer. The genetic abnormalities of p53 include gross changes such as homozygous deletions and abnormally sized messenger RNAs along with a variety of point or small mutations, which map to the p53 open reading frame and change amino acid sequence in a region highly conserved between mouse and man. In addition, very low or absent expression of p53 messenger RNA in lung cancer cell lines compared to normal lung was seen. These findings, coupled with the previous demonstration of 17p allele loss in lung cancer, strongly implicate p53 as an anti-oncogene whose disruption is involved in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer.     

豆豉纤溶酶基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中的表达

[目的]为豆豉纤溶酶的进一步研究与应用奠定基础。[方法]以从芽孢杆菌中提取的总DNA为模板,根据GenBank的豆豉纤溶酶基因(AY720895.2)DNA序列设计1对引物,克隆豆豉纤溶酶基因并进行序列测定。构建毕赤酵母表达载体pL3,在毕赤酵母中表达豆豉纤溶酶基因。[结果]经PCR扩增可获得约1.1 kb的DNA片段。序列分析表明所克隆DNA片段包含1个1089 bp的开放阅读框,编码363个氨基酸。该克隆基因与所发表的豆豉纤溶酶基因序列的核苷酸序列同源性为98%,而氨基酸序列同源性达100%。[结论]所克隆的豆豉溶纤酶基因在毕赤酵母中成功表达,且表达产物具有正常的生物学活性。