石灰和有效微生物群处理条件下土壤动物群落多样性研究

采用石灰和有效微生物群(Effective Microoganisms,EM)处理改善了大兴安岭森林生态系统土壤微酸性环境和较低的微生物活性特征,于2003~2005年采用网袋分解法,揭示土壤动物群落多样性特征,为土壤动物生态地理研究和森林生态系统管理提供科学依据。研究表明,分解袋内土壤动物多样性对石灰和EM处理的响应表现出以下特征:(1)处理样地土壤动物个体数增加但类群数减少,其中螨类和弹尾类增加明显。(2)石灰和EM处理降低了土壤动物群落的多样性,对应分析表明石灰样地与其他样地有所差异。(3)各样地不同网孔分解袋中土壤动物类群数表现为大孔>中孔>小孔,而个体数基本上为中孔>大孔>小孔,是由于网袋内中小型土壤动物占优势而大型土壤动物数量较少引起的。(4)土壤动物类群数、个体数和多样性指数在针叶和阔叶网袋中响应特征不同,但彼此间没有显著差异。     

长白山地丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤动物群落生态分布特征

在长白山地丘陵区选择次生落叶阔叶林、灌木林、采伐迹地以及耕地四种土地利用方式,对其土壤动物群落的组成、多样性和分布特征进行研究。结果表明:不同土地利用方式土壤动物群落的水平分布呈现明显的差异。采伐迹地中型土壤动物个体密度和耕地中型土壤动物类群数季节变化明显。次生落叶阔叶林和灌木林土壤动物分布随土层加深急剧减少,采伐迹地和耕地垂直分布递减和缓。同一季节土壤动物的丰富度指数和多样性指数在不同土地利用方式差异显著。土壤动物的多样性表现为灌木林最高,耕地最低。不同土地利用方式影响土壤动物群落的生态分布,其中pH、土壤有机质、有效磷和速效氮是影响长白山地丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤动物群落分布的主导因子。     

金华北山阔叶林大型土壤动物群落的初步研究

2003年10~11月,对金华北山落叶阔叶林和常绿阔叶林大型土壤动物进行了调查,共获得大型土壤动物1445只,隶属3门,7纲,18目。其中近孔寡毛目(线蚓科)、鞘翅目为优势类群,正蚓目、弹尾目、膜翅目、双翅目、蜘蛛目、蜱螨目为常见类群。通过对两个样地大型土壤动物的对比分析,落叶阔叶林和常绿阔叶林的大型土壤动物优势类群、常见类群组成成分及类群数基本相同,群落多样性和均匀性指数差异不大。在垂直分布上,两者的变化基本一致,类群数和个体数量随土层的加深呈递减趋势,且表聚现象明显。土壤养分和pH值与大型土壤动物群落组成和结构密切相关。     

玉米间作种植对黑土区农田中小型土壤动物群落的影响

中小型土壤动物对环境变化反应敏感,不同种植方式导致农田土壤空间格局改变将影响中小型土壤动物群落多样性和功能。本文通过玉米单作和间作种植,在玉米生长季的不同月份调查取样,研究玉米单作和间作种植对土壤动物的个体数量、类群数、多样性和不同功能群的影响。结果表明:从试验样地共捕获中小型土壤动物1 473只,隶属于40个类群;玉米间作种植显著降低中小型土壤动物的个体数(P 0. 05),玉米间作种植降低中小型土壤动物类群数,未达到显著水平(P 0. 05),这种降低趋势在不同月份和土层中均表现出来;玉米单作和间作种植下中小型土壤动物总体趋势为腐食性杂食性捕食性+植食性的个体数(P 0. 05);玉米间作种植增加了优势度指数,降低了多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数(P 0. 05);玉米间作种植改变了不同食性中小型土壤动物的个体数和类群数,腐食性、杂食性和捕食性+植食性土壤动物数量降低,杂食性和捕食性+植食性的土壤动物类群数增加,腐食性土壤动物类群数降低,但个体数和类群数的变化未达到显著水平(P 0. 05)。     

火烧对不同林型下森林土壤水分物理性质的影响

通过对大兴安岭松岭林区白桦林、落叶松林以及白桦落叶松混交林的当年高强度火烧迹地与对照样地的土壤水分物理性质进行测定和比较研究。结果表明:在火烧迹地和对照样地无论是土壤容重、土壤孔隙度、土壤持水量还是贮水能力,0~10 cm土层土壤都较10~20 cm土层土壤优越,火烧没有改变随深度变化的趋势,但相差明显增高。3种林型相比,在对照样地,白桦林土壤通气性优于落叶松林,而在火烧迹地,落叶松林优于白桦林。无论是在对照样地还是火烧迹地,落叶松林土壤的持水量平均值均大于白桦林,而白桦林土壤的平均贮水能力优于落叶松林。总体上看,在研究地区无论是土壤通气性、土壤持水量还是贮水能力,白桦林和落叶松林都较白桦落叶松混交林优越。火烧迹地与对照样地相比,火烧对3种林型的影响趋势相同,即土壤容重增加,土壤平均孔隙度以及土壤持水量减小。     

豫东黄河故道大型土壤动物群落组成及多样性研究

为查明故道湿地大型土壤动物类群对不同湿地类型的响应,于2014年对豫东黄河故道的盐碱滩地、湿草地、芦苇湿地和林地4种类型湿地的大型土壤动物群落进行了调查。结果表明:豫东黄河故道不同湿地类型大型土壤动物群落的类群数和优势类群均存在显著差异,优势类群和主要类群的差异也反映出不同湿地类型环境的异质性。季节变化对大型土壤动物群落类群数、密度和多样性指数均有显著影响(P0.05或P0.01),且不同湿地类型大型土壤动物对季节变化的响应存在差异。湿地不同的土壤环境因子,尤其是土壤有机质、氮磷和土壤微生物生物量碳氮的含量与大型土壤动物类群数、密度和多样性间存在显著相关关系(P0.05或P0.01)。     

茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区凋落叶分解动态

[目的]研究喀斯特森林生态系统凋落叶分解特征,为喀斯特森林区石漠化防治及水土保持提供科学依据。[方法]采用1 mm网孔孔径分解袋,对茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区不同树种凋落叶(落叶和常绿叶)在不同坡位的分解状况进行为期18个月的观测研究。研究茂兰喀斯特森林自然保护区凋落叶失重率和干重残留率动态变化、分解速率及养分释放特征。[结果]凋落叶分解过程呈现"快—慢—快"的周期变化,春夏季分解速度快于秋冬季,落叶树种凋落叶分解速度快于常绿树种凋落叶,不同坡位凋落叶的分解速度表现为:下坡中坡上坡。利用Olson模型对凋落叶分解50%和95%所需时间进行估测,发现落叶树种凋落叶分解50%和95%所需时间分别为0.95～1.66 a和4.13～7.19 a,常绿树种凋落叶分解50%和95%所需时间分别为1.14～1.69 a和4.92～7.30 a,二者无显著性差异。凋落叶分解速率低于中亚热带东部常绿阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林,但比同区域喀斯特次生林与人工林高。落叶树种凋落叶和常绿树种凋落叶的N元素释放模式为富集—释放模式,C含量随分解时间的波动差异显著,总体在不断减少,而C/N比呈逐步下降的趋势。[结论]由于不同树种凋落叶初始养分含量和叶片理化结构的差异,落叶比常绿叶具有更快的分解速率和养分释放速率,对促进喀斯特森林生态系统物质循环起着积极作用。     

拉萨半干旱河谷砂生槐灌丛不同封育时间土壤动物多样性特征

为了解半干旱河谷不同封育时间对砂生槐灌丛土壤动物群落组成及结构的影响,阐明土壤动物群落多样性及群落结构在高原灌丛植被恢复中的变化趋势,本研究对拉萨河中下游的不同封育时间砂生槐灌丛下土壤动物群落结构、垂直分布、多样性、土壤动物类群间的相关性特征进行分析。结果表明,砂生槐灌丛90份土样中共获得大中小型土壤动物491只,隶属3门9纲25类。优势种群为弹尾目、鞘翅目和蜱螨目,分别占类群总数的42.7%、15.9%和11.2%。土壤动物类群数和个体数量的垂直分布具有表聚性特征,多数土壤动物分布在0~20 cm土层,但因不同封育时间而有变化。封育10年样地0~10 cm土层土壤动物数量显著高于10~20和20~30 cm,该层土壤动物个体数占所有采集数的40.1%。随封育时间增加,植被盖度、土壤动物个体数量、类群数均呈逐渐上升趋势。土壤动物群落的多样性指数(H),均匀性指数(E),丰富度指数(D),优势度指数(I)和多群落间比较指数(DIC)基本随封育时间的增加逐渐增大,但DIC指数的最高值出现于封育10年和15年,分别为3.99和3.29,而未封育(对照)、封育4年和8年分别为0.66、0.49和0.63。不同封育时间半干旱河谷砂生槐灌丛螨类(A)/跳虫(C)值也呈现较大变异,封育4年的A/C值为2.67,高于其它封育时间,因此,A/C可作为拉萨半干旱河谷植被退化恢复演替评价的生物指示剂,这为高原生态环境状况评价提供参考依据。     

外源C、N干扰下吉林黑土区农田土壤动物组成与结构

2011年5月至9月作物生长期间,采用手拣法、改良干漏斗与湿漏斗三种方法,对吉林黑土区7种外源C、N干扰处理,即对照组(不施肥,CK)、0.5倍、1.0倍和2.0倍的外源C和N处理(C0.5、C1.0、C2.0、N0.5、N1.0、N2.0)农田土壤动物组成与结构进行研究.在作物生长季节,5次采样共获得土壤动物56 886只(未鉴定标本80只),隶属3门11纲23目3亚目79科(总科).数据分析显示,农田土壤动物主要集中在0～5 cm,基本上是随着土壤剖面加深而呈现下降趋势;与对照(CK)相比,农田土壤动物个体数与类群数随外源C浓度升高而呈递增趋势;农田大型土壤动物个体数随外源N浓度升高呈递减趋势;农田中小型土壤动物个体数随外源N浓度升高呈递增趋势.在研究时段内,土壤动物个体数与类群数于5-8月份呈现出上升趋势,9月份出现下降.方差分析显示,外源C、N干扰对农田中小型土壤动物个体数与类群数以及大型土壤动物类群数影响显著(p＜0.01),农田土壤动物个体数与类群数在作物生长季节内变化显著(P＜0.01).外源C、外源N分解释放出的养分与中小型土壤动物个体数、类群数以及大型土壤动物类群数密切相关.外源C有益于农田土壤动物功能群、大型与中小型农田土壤动物群落组成多样化.     

南京方山生态公园不同人工植被土壤动物群落结构

2007年8月~10月采用大型改良干漏斗和手拣法对南京方山生态公园针阔混交林、茶园、农田等3种典型人工植被类型的土壤动物群落结构进行初步调查,共采得土壤动物样本1741个,隶属于3门9纲共25个类群。结果表明:蜱螨目(Acarina)、弹尾纲(Collembola)和线蚓科(Enchytraeidae)为3种人工植被生境的常年优势类群;等足目(Isopoda)、线虫纲(Nematoda)、双翅目(Diptera)和寡毛纲(Oligochaela)则为常年常见类群。土壤动物个体数量总数依次为茶园混交林农田;不同月份、不同植被类型以及不同月份与不同植被类型之间土壤动物群落的组成有所不同。多样性分析表明,类群多样性和丰富度指数茶园最高;均匀性指数茶园8月最高,10月农田最高。但三种人工植被类型土壤动物类群的丰富度、多样性指数、均匀性指数等无显著差异。土壤动物的类群垂直分布差异明显,类群数随土层向下逐步减少。     

Plant litter decomposition influenced by soil animals and disturbance in a subtropical rainforest of Taiwan

Soil fauna has been postulated as one of the paramount determinants of decomposition in the humid tropics. However, its effect on litter decomposition has only been demonstrated in few forest sites in Central America. In addition, landslide is a common disturbance associated with heavy rainfall brought by tropical cyclones in the tropics and can potentially alter abundance and structure of soil animals and thus affect litter decomposition. In this study, we examined the effect of soil animals on litter decomposition in an Asian subtropical monsoon forest and compared the animal effects in landslide-disturbed (2 years old) and undisturbed sites. Animal exclusion by naphthalene treatment significantly reduced the density and diversity of litterbag animals and slowed down the rate of decomposition in both landslide-disturbed and undisturbed sites. However, density (per unit area) and diversity of the litter animals and litter decomposition rate did not differ between the landslide-disturbed and undisturbed sites for both control and animal-excluded treatments. Our data suggest that the abundance of soil animals is not limited by litter mass. Furthermore, soil fauna recover quickly from landslides, and fauna's facilitative effect on litter decomposition is not altered after their recovery.     

Effects of the ecological restoration practices of prescribed burning and mechanical thinning on soil microbial enzyme activities and leaf litter decomposition

The effects of ecological restoration on belowground processes such as decomposition are generally unknown. To assess the immediate effects of prescribed fire and mechanical thinning on belowground processes, we measured the activities of five extracellular enzymes (phosphatase, β-glucosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase, phenol oxidase, and lignin-peroxidase) in soils and on decomposing Quercus falcata leaf litter in unburned, burned, and burned and thinned plots in a mesic forest in northern Mississippi. Decomposition rates of Q. falcata leaf litter were also assessed at each plot. Soil phosphatase activity decreased after a prescribed burn and was related to an increase in soil organic matter in plots that had been burned. Soil β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity increased after a burn, and was related to a decrease in leaf litter. Leaf litter enzyme activity showed no consistent patterns amongst treatments, or between individual enzymes, while decomposition rates of leaf litter were slightly accelerated in the treatment plots, but not significantly so. Decomposition rates were related to cumulative enzyme activity, with phenol oxidase and lignin-peroxidase having the highest apparent efficiencies in degrading the leaf material. Overall, the microbial degradation of Q. falcata leaf litter was more efficient in plots that were burned and thinned than in the other plots. Increases in the efficiency of litter decomposition coupled with reductions in litter inputs due to canopy thinning likely allows for increased solar penetration to the soil, and could promote the restoration of the shade-intolerant species that once dominated the understory. Post-burn increases in β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity and decreases in phosphatase activity also suggest a potential shift in the soil community from phosphorus limitation to nitrogen limitation following a fire.     

Cellulose decomposition rates and soil arthropod community in a Pinus halepensis Mill. forest of Greece after a wildfire

Decomposition rate and composition of the soil arthropod community were studied in a severely and a less-severely burned patch of a Mediterranean Aleppo pine forest burned by a large-scale summer wildfire. Decomposition rates were estimated from the dry mass loss of pure cellulose enclosed in coarse (7 mm) and fine (0.9 mm) mesh bags. The composition of the soil arthropod community was investigated by collecting samples of the burned organic horizon and extracting the animals. The decomposition of cellulose followed the same pattern in both burned patches and mesh bag treatments indicated a similar pattern of decomposer biota activity. Twenty-one arthropod taxa were collected in the less-severely burned patch and sixteen taxa in the severely burned patch; the annual density of their populations was 571.8 and 382.0 ind·m^–2, respectively. Season, post-fire age and fire severity were the determinants for the composition of soil arthropod community. Under the conditions studied, the role of soil arthropods in the decomposition process seems to be less critical as decomposition was successfully accomplished despite both the low number and density of soil arthropod taxa.     

Experimental evidence for the interacting effects of forest edge,moisture and soil macrofauna on leaf litter decomposition

Forest ecosystems have been widely fragmented by human land use. Fragmentation induces significant microclimatic and biological differences at the forest edge relative to the forest interior. Increased exposure to solar radiation and wind at forest edges reduces soil moisture, which in turn affects leaf litter decomposition. We investigate the effect of forest fragmentation, soil moisture, soil macrofauna and litter quality on leaf litter decomposition to test the hypothesis that decomposition will be slower at a forest edge relative to the interior and that this effect is driven by lower soil moisture at the forest edge. Experimental plots were established at Wytham Woods, UK, and an experimental watering treatment was applied in plots at the forest edge and interior. Decomposition rate was measured using litter bags of two different mesh sizes, to include or exclude invertebrate macrofauna, and containing leaf litter of two tree species: easily decomposing ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and recalcitrant oak (Quercus robur L.). The decomposition rate was moisture-limited at both sites. However, the soil was moister and decomposition for both species was faster in the forest interior than at the edge. The presence of macrofauna accelerated the decomposition rate regardless of moisture conditions, and was particularly important in the decomposition of the recalcitrant oak. However, there was no effect of the watering treatment on macrofauna species richness and abundance. This study demonstrates the effect of forest fragmentation on an important ecosystem process, providing new insights into the interacting effects of moisture conditions, litter quality, forest edge and soil macrofauna.     

Effects of prescribed fire on rates of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization in a ponderosa pine ecosystem

Summary The effects of a prescribed fire in a ponderosa pine ecosystem on the rates of decomposition and nitrogen mineralization (including ammonification and nitrification) in the forest floor and mineral soil horizons were evaluated. The prescribed fire immediately increased the rates of nitrogen mineralization and nitrification in the forest floor of all burned plots and in the mineral soil of one plot. The rates of decomposition, as measured by CO2 evolution, in both the forest floor and mineral soil were not significantly different immediately after the burn when expressed on an organic matter basis. The rates of nitrogen mineralization in the forest floor and mineral soil were higher 6 and 10 months after the burn. The rate of decomposition (as measured by respiration) was lower in the forest floor but not in the mineral soil 6 and 10 months after the burn. Volatile organics that may inhibit rates of nitrogen mineralization may have been consumed by prescribed fire.     

Combined effects of multifactor climate change and land-use on decomposition in temperate grassland

Climate change is likely to alter decomposition rates through direct effects on soil biotic activity and indirect effects on litter quality with possible impacts on the global carbon budget and nutrient cycling. Currently, there is a need to study the combined effects of climatic drivers and agricultural practises on decomposition.In an in situ litter bag experiment, we studied the effects of rainfall variability (including drought combined with heavy rain pulses as well as regular irrigation) interacting with winter warming and increased winter precipitation and with changes in cutting frequency, on decomposition in a temperate grassland. Litter bags contained mixed and species-specific litter of all different climate and land-use manipulations and were placed within the plots of litter origin. Moreover, we aimed to disentangle the causes of changes in decomposition by investigating two further approaches: Firstly, we studied the effects of changes in leaf chemicals as a result of the manipulations by removing litter from the experiment that has been pre-exposed to the manipulations before placing it on an untreated standard plot outside the experiment. Secondly, we assessed the effects of changes in soil faunal activity by investigating the decomposition of standard material under differing rainfall variability.As a result, decomposition was reduced when litter bags were exposed to drought for six weeks within an 11 months period. Neither additional winter rain nor winter warming had an effect on decomposition, likely because winter warming reduced snow cover and increased variability of surface temperatures. Climate manipulations did not change litter quality. Furthermore, decomposition on the untreated standard plot was not affected by the climate manipulations that the litter was previously exposed to. Thus, reduced decomposition under extreme rainfall variability and drought may mainly be caused by a decrease in soil biotic activity, as indicated by reduced decomposition of standard material during drought.More frequent cutting strongly stimulated decomposition, however, this stimulating effect was absent under extreme rainfall variability including drought. The stimulation of decomposition under more frequent cutting was attributed to changes in litter quality, namely a decrease in C/N ratio. Accordingly, litter from more frequently cut communities decomposed faster on the untreated control plot outside the experiment.Projected increases in drought frequency and increased rainfall variability under climate change may inhibit decomposition and alter nutrient and carbon cycling along with soil quality. Especially decomposition in frequently cut grassland appears vulnerable towards drought.     

Can the invasive earthworm,Amynthas agrestis,be controlled with prescribed fire?

Biological invasions are one of the most significant global-scale problems caused by human activities. Earthworms function as ecosystem engineers in soil ecosystems because their feeding and burrowing activities fundamentally change the physical and biological characteristics of the soils they inhabit. As a result of this “engineering,” earthworm invasions can have significant effects on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The species Amynthas agrestis (family Megascolecidae) was introduced to the United States from Asia, and has expanded its distribution range to include relatively undisturbed forests. Here, to clarify life history traits, we reared individuals under seven different conditions of food provision using litter, fragmented litter and soil, and also analyzed the stable isotope ratios of field-collected specimens to investigate their food resources in the field. Second, we examined whether prescribed fire can be used to manage invasive earthworms. We constructed eight experimental plots, each with 100 individuals of A. agrestis each, and burned half of the plots. The feeding experiment showed that the earthworms in units containing soil and some form of organic matter (litter and/or fragmented litter) produced many cocoons, indicating that litter and fragmented litter are important food resources for them. Stable isotope analyses also supported this result. During the experimental fires, average soil temperature at 5 cm depth increased by only 7.7 °C (average maximum of 32.2 °C). Litter mass was significantly reduced by the fires. Although numbers of A. agrestis and cocoons recovered from burned and unburned plots were not different, the viability of cocoons was significantly lower in burned plots. Fire may also reduce the survival rate of juveniles in the next year by depriving them of their preferred food resource. Most native earthworms in the United States live in the soil, while many invasive ones live in the litter layer and soil surface. Therefore, prescribed fire could be a viable tool for control of invasive earthworms without negatively impacting native earthworm populations.     

大兴安岭北部火烧迹地兴安落叶松人工林土壤水文效应

对大兴安岭北部火烧迹地落叶松人工林土壤水文效应进行初步研究,结果表明:(1)未火烧落叶松天然林枯落物积累量最高,为56.21t/hm2,其次为1988年落叶松人工林,为58.37t/hm2,最低为2000年落叶松人工林,为20.19t/hm2。表现出随火烧年限的减少而降低。最大持水量的变动范围为62.24～286.15t/hm2,1988年落叶松人工林最高,2000年落叶松人工林最低,而未火烧落叶松天然林为184.40t/hm2。表现出火烧后20年落叶松人工林枯落物持水量已达到未火烧天然林水平。(2)枯落物吸水速度在开始1h内较快,6h后下降速度逐渐减慢。枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系。(3)土壤容重表现为随着火烧年限的减少而增加的趋势,未火烧天然林最低,为0.80g/cm3,2000年落叶松人工林最高,为0.97g/cm3。土壤孔隙度变化趋势与土壤容重相反。土壤蓄水能力与土壤容重变化趋势相同。(4)土壤入渗用霍顿公式拟合较好。     

不同下垫面径流小区次降雨对产流产沙的影响

[目的]揭示南方红壤区人工径流小区次降雨对径流泥沙作用规律,为区域水土保持工程实践与基础理论研究提供参考。[方法]基于云南摩布小流域3种下垫面(林地、农地、裸地)人工径流小区2013—2015年自然降雨观测资料,采用M-K趋势检验、灰色相关分析及双累积曲线等方法研究了次降雨量、径流量、泥沙量和入渗率的变化趋势及相关关系,以及降雨因子对径流泥沙的影响。[结果](1)2013—2015年摩布径流小区月降雨均呈先增加后减少的波动性变化趋势,3a降雨量无显著性变化趋势。(2)相同降雨量各下垫面径流小区产流差异显著(p0.05),其中林地最小,农地次之,裸地最大;3种下垫面次降雨径流深增长速率大小规律与此相同。(3)次降雨产沙量与降雨量、径流量均存在密切相关关系,相关系数分别为0.67~0.82,0.69~0.85。径流小区产沙能力随雨强增大而增强。相同雨量下,林地产沙能力最小,而裸地累积产沙量增速最大。(4)3个径流小区的入渗率均随降雨量和雨强增大而增大,其中林地入渗率最大,平均入渗率为94.03%;裸地入渗率最小,平均入渗率为86.28%。[结论]与农地和裸地相比,林地不同程度提高了土壤入渗性能,降低了产流量和产沙量。     

油松人工林重度火烧后凋落物分解及水文效应

以北京市重度火烧迹地油松人工林为对象,基于原位采样法和室内浸泡法于2020年7—12月在对照样地和火烧样地采集凋落物样品并测定分析其现存量、持水量、有效拦蓄量等指标,探究林火干扰下凋落物的分解及水文效应,为更好促进森林水源涵养功能以及水土保持功能提供依据。结果表明:(1)油松人工林半分解和完全分解层凋落物平均现存量分别为16.18(叶占比>80%),31.88 t/hm²,平均厚度分别为2.77,2.79 cm;与对照相比,火烧后半分解层凋落物厚度及现存量分别降低39.35%,53.77%。(2)油松人工林半分解层凋落物平均自然含水率(41.94%)略高于完全分解层(36.07%),平均最大持水率为201.88%,其在7—9月低于完全分解层,10—12月则反之;半分解层凋落物平均最大持水量和有效拦蓄量分别为35.80,19.85 t/hm²,在8—12月均显著(P<0.05)低于完全分解层(69.28,46.64 t/hm²)。与对照样地相比,火烧后半分解层凋落物自然含水率降低32.19%,最大持水率和最大持...