新昌县稻米消费嫌籼喜粳演变趋势及其对我们的启示

新昌地处浙江东部 ,为山区小县 ,现拥有人口43万 ,耕地1.6万hm2 ,其中水田1.1万hm2。近年社会经济发展很快 ,“八五”时期从浙江省17个贫困县之一发展成为浙江省经济中等发达县 ;经“九五”努力 ,1998年又被评为省定小康县 ;经国家统计局农村社会经济调查总队综合测评结果 ,2001年跻身全国百强县 (市 )行列。2002年农民人均纯收入达4930元 ,城镇居民人均可支配收入达11683元 ,分别比2001年增加293元和1263元。当地传统上以消费籼米为主 ,其中稻米严重短缺的20世纪50年代以前 ,为中晚籼米 ;进入60年代因水稻改制成功 ,主要消费转向早籼米 ;从…     

"黄瓜-晚稻秧田-晚稻"高产高效模式配套栽培技术

在大力推行种植业结构调整的过程中 ,炎陵县农技推广部门不断探索 ,在晚稻秧田综合利用的基础上 ,逐步形成了“黄瓜—晚稻秧田—晚稻”的高效栽培模式 ,并很快被农民所接受 ,应用面积逐年扩大 ,效益不断提高 ,成为炎陵县种植结构调整的典型。一、模式的效益分析１．经济效益１９９８～２００２年连续５年调查统计 ,应用该模式后 ,每６６７ｍ２ 可产黄瓜４５００～５５００ｋｇ,因黄瓜早熟 ,市场价格好 ,产值达３０００元 ,纯收益２０００元 ;同时 ,每６６７ｍ２还可产晚稻谷５５０ｋｇ。２.社会效益该模式提高了晚稻秧田的综合利用率 ,为晚…     

System of rice intensification increases rice productivity on saline soil

The acidic condition of soil intervened crop growth, especially for rice crop. This research aimed to examine whether application of SRI method on saline soil can improve the productivity of rice. This research applied SRI method in the hinterland of mangrove forest areas around Segara Anakan Lagoon of Indonesia through modified irrigation to reduce saline water intrusion. SRI along with deep furrows in this first implementation had reduced the use of synthetic fertilizers by 40%, reduced variable costs by 8.35%, increased the B/C ratio by 95% and crop productivity by 76% compared to the control methods and increased the B/C ratio by 161% and crop productivity by 133% compared to conventional methods. The farmer’s motivation to apply SRI along with deep furrows for both N-Ach and N-Aff majority was distributed from moderate to high.     

水稻沼液浸种壮秧增产技术

沼液是各种有机物在沼气池中经过厌氧发酵后的一种液体有机肥料。经科研部门化验分析 ,沼液不仅含有多种氨基酸、维生素、蛋白质、酶、矿物质 ,以及生长素、赤霉素等对作物生长代谢有调节作用的水溶性养分 ,而且这些营养成分基本上以速效养分形式存在。因此 ,沼液速效营养能力强 ,养分可利用率高。所含的生长素既可以促进植物根系的发育 ,又有助于植物体内的氮代谢。正常使用沼气池中的沼液具有杀灭病原菌的能力。据辽宁省盘锦市大洼县王家农场试验表明 ,用沼液浸种增产表1沼液浸种秧苗素质调查处理清水 (CK)恶苗灵(CK)24小时48小时72小时…     

Special rice in China Xuanhan peach blossom rice

ＩｔｉｓａｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｉｃｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍＸｕａｎｈａｎＣｏｕｎｔｙ,ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ．ＦｒｏｍｔｈｅＴａｎｇｄｙｎａｓｔｙ（６８４ＤＣ）,ｔｈｅｌｏｃａｌｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｓｏｆｆｅｒｅｄｔｈｅｐｅａｃｈｂｌｏｓｓｏｍｒｉｃｅｔｏｅｍｐｅｒｏｒ,ｓｏｉｔｗａｓａｌｓｏｃａｌｌｅｄ＂ＴｒｉｂｕｔｅＲｉｃｅ＂．ＧｌａｓｓｒｉｃｅＴｈｅａｎｏｔｈｅｒｎａｍｅｆｏｒｔｈｅｇｌａｓｓｒｉｃｅｉｓｆｒａｇｒａｎｔｉｎｄｉｃａｒｉｃｅ．ＩｔｗａｓｆｒｏｍＱｉｎｙａｎｇＣ…     

水稻杂糯间作栽培增产技术

水稻是四川主要粮食作物之一 ,常年种植面积220万hm2左右 ,占粮食播种面积的30% ,总产量170亿kg左右 ,占全年粮食总产的50 %。糯稻是水稻生产重要组成部份 ,糯米是传统的食品加工和酿酒业不可缺少的原料 ,在人们生活中占有十分重要的地位。20世纪80年代末期 ,四川省杂交水稻大面积推广 ,籼稻产量大幅度提高 ,而糯稻生产却相对落后 ,一是品种老化 ,多为常规品种 ,虽然品质较优 ,但秆高 ,抗性较差 ,二是栽培落后 ,生产上均以净作方式栽培 ,易于倒状 ,特别是近10年来水稻稻瘟病危害呈加重发展趋势 ,糯稻单产仅350kg/667m2左右 ,导致经济效益不…     

Biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour

Rice flour is a starchy material with low-cost, because it can be produced from rice that is broken during processing. The aim of this study was to develop biodegradable films based on rice starch and rice flour, and to characterize their physicochemical, microscopic and mechanical properties. Films from rice starch and rice flour were prepared by casting, with glycerol or sorbitol as plasticizer. SEM analysis of starch and flour films revealed compact structures. Rice flour films prepared in the present work have similar mechanical properties to those of starch based films. However, their water vapor permeabilities are two times higher than those of starch based films. Films with sorbitol were less permeable to water and more rigid, while films with glycerol are more plasticized and have poorer water vapor barrier properties. Therefore, preparing edible films from rice flour is a new alternative for using this raw material, which is sometimes much cheaper than commercial starches.     

Transmission characteristics of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus by rice planthoppers

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently proposed distinct species in the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae. During the past decade, SRBSDV has spread throughout southern China and northern Vietnam, and has become one of the greatest threats to rice production in these regions. We evaluated three common planthopper species affecting rice: white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) to determine their virus transmission abilities. It was confirmed that WBPH was an efficient persistent-transmitting vector for SRBSDV. Neither BPH nor SBPH were viral vectors, although a small proportion (3.7%) of tested SBPH acquired the virus from diseased rice. We characterized the virus transmission properties of WBPH. 83% of the tested insects fed on virus-infected rice plants became viruliferous. The minimum virus acquisition and inoculation access periods were 5 and 30 min, respectively, for both WBPH nymphs and adults. The circulative transmission periods of the virus in WBPH ranged from 6 to 14 days, and most viruliferous individuals transmitted the virus in intermittent periods ranging from 2 to 6 days. A single individual of WBPH could infect 8–25 rice plants with the virus in a 5-day period. WBPH could transmit SRBSDV from rice to maize seedlings, but it was barely able to acquire the virus from infected maize. These results improve our understanding of the epidemiology of SRBSDV, and will be useful for development of disease control strategies.     

Hybrid rice heterosis and genetic diversity of IRRI and Lao rice

Glutinous and non-glutinous rice hybrids derived from IRRI and Lao PDR rice germplasm were evaluated for yield heterosis and genetic diversity based on SSR markers. Pollen and spikelet fertilities of the hybrids showed absence of effective restorer and maintainer genes in the Lao varieties for WA-CMS cytoplasm. Positive heterosis over better or male parent (Lao varieties) was observed. Hybrids derived from an IRRIs TGMS line with Lao varieties showed a great potential in hybrid rice application. Genetic diversity among the rice lines was assessed by COP and SSR markers. Cluster analysis based on the molecular markers generated three parental groups in agreement with parental pedigree information. Significant linear relation was detected between yield heterosis and marker-based genetic distance of parents.     

野生稻的优异特性及其在水稻育种中的利用

本文综述了野生稻的的抗病虫性、抗逆性、优良的稻米品质、细胞质雄性不育性和强大的生长优势等优异性状及其近年来在水稻育种中的最新利用；通过辐射诱变和生物技术方法对野生稻资源进行创新利用。     

推进稻米清洁生产提升稻米产业竞争力

本文阐述了我国稻米清洁生产的完整概念、内涵与意义，比较了清洁生产初、中、高三个层次(无公害稻米、绿色食品稻米与有机稻米)的异同，分析了实施清洁生产所面临的主要问题，并提出了相应对策。     

优质晚稻新组合试验初报

2006年晚季引进6个米质均达国家二级米以上的优质晚稻新组合进行对比试验,结果表明:宜香优673、宜香优2292、甬优6号等3个组合比当家组合Ⅱ优1273产量高、抗性强、生育期适中,适宜上杭县珊瑚乡作烟后稻栽培种植。     

Effect of hydrothermal treatment of rice flour on various rice noodles quality

The rice noodle industry in Thailand is facing problems regarding rice flour quality. This research aims to study the effects of hydrothermally modified rice flour on improving rice noodle quality. High-amylose rice flour (Chai Nat 1 variety) was modified using heat–moisture treatment (HMT) and annealing (ANN). Response surface methodology (RSM) with face-centered central composite design (FCCD) was applied to optimize the hydrothermal treatment condition. The effects of treatment conditions – moisture content; heating temperature and heating time on pasting; rheology; and textural properties of rice flour gel – were observed. A contour plot showed that all responses using HMT increased when moisture content and heating temperature increased. But heating time had no significant effect on response variables. ANN showed a lower response than HMT for all parameters. The optimum modified conditions were then matched with those of commercial flour for fresh, semi-dry and dry rice noodles; this showed no significant differences in texture or cooking quality (P≤0.05). The storage modulus (G′) after cooling of HMT (19,100 Pa) was much higher than that of ANN (5490 Pa). The differences in rheological properties of both treatments supported their proper uses to achieve various rice noodle qualities.     

日本优质大米出口中国市场影响分析

<正>1日本优质大米恢复出口中国2003年以来,中国以"可能携带新的病虫害入境"为由停止从日本进口大米。2007年04月11日中日两国签署协议,结束中国为期四年的日本大米进口禁令,日本大米将正式恢复对华出口,但前提是日本大米必须在满足中方标准的工厂内加工成精米,并加入防虫工序。     

杂交稻新组合作再生稻筛选试验初报

引进8个新组合种植对比试验,以Ⅱ优航1号作对照.结果表明:产量、抗性、综合性状等表现比Ⅱ优航1号好的有扬两优6号、天优3229、谷优3301.适宜在尤溪县作再生稻推广种植.     

Super hybrid rice

Up to now, there are only two effective ways to increase the yield potential of crops through breeding, i.e. morphologic improvement and heterosis utilization.     

Super hybrid rice

Ｕｐｔｏｎｏｗ,ｔｈｅｒｅａｒｅｏｎｌｙｔｗｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｗａｙｓｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｔｈｅｙｉｅｌｄｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｏｆｃｒｏｐｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ,ｉ．ｅ．ｍｏｒｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｉｓｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎ．Ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ,ｔｈｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｉｓｖｅｒｙｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｂｙｕｓｉｎｇｍｏｒ ｐｈｏｌｏｇｉｃｉｍｐｒｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｏｎｌｙ,ａｎｄｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｉｓｂｒｅｅｄｉｎｇ ｗｉｌｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｕｎｄｅｓｉｒａｂｌｅｒｅｓ…     

国际稻米贸易特点与中国稻米出口

中国加入世界贸易组织 ,给中国稻米产业发展带来了机遇 ,要抓住机遇 ,使中国稻米在国际稻米贸易中的地位得到巩固和发展 ,无论从观念上还是措施上都需要进行创新。特别是要增强我国稻米国际竞争力 ,促进稻米国际贸易的发展。分析２０世纪９０年代世界稻米贸易的特点 ,对指导我国稻米发展具有积极意义。一、世界稻米贸易特点２０世纪９０年代 ,随着世界人口的增加和世界经济的发展 ,全世界对稻米的消费大幅度增长 ,使世界稻米贸易迅速扩大。２０００年世界稻米消耗量达到３．９亿吨 ,比１９９０年增加４９００多万吨 ,增长１４．４%。２００…     

利用水稻品种抗性遗传多样性持续控制稻瘟病研究进展

利用作物品种抗性的遗传多样性持续控制作物病害是当今植物病害防治研究与应用的热点。对利用水稻品种抗性遗传多样性持续控制稻瘟病研究的原理、现有研究状况和防病机理进行了较系统的评述。     

几种药剂对二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟的防效分析

试验表明48%乐斯本乳油80m l/667m2是防治稻纵卷叶螟的首选农药,5%锐劲特40m l/667m2、5%锐劲特20m l/667m2 20%三唑磷75m l/667m2对二化螟防效较好,当田间稻纵卷叶螟和二化螟同期发生时,可用5%锐劲特20m l/667m2 20%三唑磷75m l/667m2进行兼治。