金丝桃素、绿原酸和硬葡聚糖对草鱼幼鱼生长及免疫功能的影响

在水温（25±2）℃下,分别在基础饲料中添加不同剂量的硬葡聚糖（0．2％,G1组;0．4％,G2组）绿原酸（0．04％,G3组;0．08％,G4组）和金丝桃素（0．066％,G5组;0．132％,G6组）,连续投喂放在1．0m×0．5m×1．0m网箱内、体质量110±5g的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon ide...     

金丝桃素、绿原酸和硬葡聚糖对草鱼非特异性免疫功能的影响

在水温（25±2）℃下,给饲养在网箱（1.0m×0.5m×1.0m）中体质量（110±5）g的草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）投喂添加了金丝桃素（0、0.066%、0.132%）、绿原酸（0、0.04%、0.08%）和硬葡聚糖（0、0.2%、0.4%）饲料,以基础饲料组为对照组,探讨三种添加剂对草鱼幼鱼血清溶菌酶活性、白细胞吞噬率和血清补体C3含量的影响。结果表明：0.2%硬葡聚糖组草鱼溶菌酶活性最高,显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,饲喂35d后溶菌酶活性达到峰值,而金丝桃素和绿原酸对草鱼幼鱼血清溶菌酶活性没有显著性影响;饲料中添加0.08%绿原酸组草鱼血液中白细胞吞噬率和血清补体C3含量均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但与添加0.2%和0.4%硬葡聚糖组没有显著性差异（P＞0.05）;添加0.132%金丝桃素组的血清中补体C3含量在最低,且显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。饲料中添加0.08%绿原酸和0.2%硬葡聚糖可有效增强草鱼幼鱼非特异免疫功能。     

绿原酸对建鲤生长、非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化能力的影响

为探究饲料中添加不同浓度绿原酸 (Chlorogenic acid)对泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响,选用无病无伤初始体重为 (3.50±0.01) g的泥鳅,随机分为5组,在基础饲料投喂中分别添加0、200、400、600和800 mg/kg的绿原酸实验饲料,每组3个重复,饲养56 d。饲养实验结束后,测定泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、生化指标、免疫功能及抗氧化能力。结果发现,与对照组相比较饲料中加入绿原酸可以显著增高泥鳅的终末体重 (FBW)、增重率 (WGR)和特定生长率 (SGR) (P < 0.05);且显著提高肝脏和肠道中蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性以及肝脏与肠道中总抗氧化能力 (T-AOC)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽 (GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH-Px)的活性,丙二醛 (MDA)的生成被降低,肝脏中谷草转氨酶 (AST)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)活性随绿原酸浓度增加而提高,分别在400和600 mg/kg时达到最大值。随着绿原酸浓度的升高,血清中AST、ALT活性均显著下降。随着绿原酸浓度的增加,血清中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)逐渐下降,在浓度400 mg/kg时达到最低值;血清补体3 (C3)和补体4 (C4)含量先升高后下降,分别在绿原酸浓度为400和600 mg/kg时达到峰值含量;血清中免疫球蛋白M (IgM)水平显著升高,在浓度为600 mg/kg时达到最大;血清中溶菌酶 (LYS)含量先上升后下降,在浓度为400时含量为最大值。研究表明,在饲料当中添加400~600 mg/kg绿原酸可显著提高泥鳅生长性能和消化酶活性,增强泥鳅的免疫功能和抗氧化能力。

     

免疫多糖对草鱼免疫功能的影响

首次在草鱼饵料中添加不同剂量的免疫多糖,测定草鱼血清中溶菌活力及超氧化物岐化酶活力,结果表明免疫多糖对草鱼免疫系统有明显的激活作用。池塘应用试验也表明,免疫多糖可显著增强草鱼对病毒性出血病的抵抗能力,提高成活率和产量,具有广阔的生产应用前景。认为添加２￣３％免疫多糖可达到较好免疫效果。     

饲料中绿原酸对泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响

（目的）本试验以泥鳅为研究对象,探究饲料中添加不同浓度绿原酸（Chlorogenic acid）对泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、免疫功能及抗氧化能力的影响。（方法）试验选用无病无伤初始体重为（3.50±0.01 g/尾）的泥鳅,随机分为5组,在基础饲料投喂中分别添加0、200、400、600和800 mg/kg的绿原酸试验饲料,每组3个重复,饲养56 d 。饲养试验结束后,测定泥鳅生长性能、消化酶活性、生化指标、免疫功能及抗氧化能力。（结果）试验表明,与对照组相比较饲料中加入绿原酸可以显著增高泥鳅的终末体质量（FBW）、增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR） （P <0.05）;且显著提高肝脏和肠道中蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性（P <0.05）以及肝脏与肠道中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性,丙二醛（MDA）的生成被降低。肝脏中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性随绿原酸浓度增加而提高,分别在400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg时达到最大值。随着绿原酸浓度的升高,血清中AST、ALT活性均显著下降（P <0.05）。随着绿原酸浓度的增加,血清中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）逐渐下降,在浓度400 mg/kg时达到最低值;血清补体3（C3）和补体4（C4）含量先升高后下降,分别在绿原酸浓度为400 mg/kg和600 mg/kg时达到峰值含量;血清中免疫球蛋白M（IgM）水平显著升高（P <0.05）,在浓度为600 mg/kg时达到最大;血清中溶菌酶（LYS）含量先上升后下降,在浓度为400 mg/kg时含量为最大值。（结论）结果表明,在饲料当中添加400～600 mg/kg绿原酸可显著提高泥鳅生长性能和消化酶活性（P <0.05）,增强泥鳅的免疫功能和抗氧化能力。     

蛭弧菌对草鱼免疫功能的影响

用添加蛭弧菌的饲料喂养草鱼,36 d后检查草鱼的各项免疫指标。结果表明:脾脏和胸腺的免疫器官指数逐渐升高,头肾的免疫器官指数起初升高然后下降,血液中的NBT阳性细胞数量逐渐增加,血清抗菌活性与溶菌酶活性逐渐升高;用温和气单胞菌疫苗免疫后,草鱼的免疫应答水平明显提高,免疫力增强。饲料中蛭弧菌的适宜的添加剂量为5g/kg。     

饲料VC 对草鱼生长、肌肉品质及非特异性免疫的影响

采用维生素C(Vc,以Vc磷酸酯为Vc源)添加量分别为50mg/kg、100mg/kg、150mg/kg、200mg/kg、300mg/kg饲料的配合饲料,喂养体质量(42.4±5.0)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)60d,以不添加Vc的基础饲料饲喂组为对照,探讨vc对草鱼生长性能、肌肉品质和非特异性免疫的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加Vc能显著提高草鱼增重率,降低饲料系数,当Vc添加量为150～200mg/kg时,草鱼生长性能最佳:随Vc添加量增加,肌肉失水率、肌纤维直径和肌原纤维耐折力呈增加趋势;肌肉胶原蛋白含量和肝脏Vc含量随Vc添加量的增加而增加;Vc添加量为150mg/kg及以上水平时,各实验组草鱼血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性比对照组显著提高(p＜0.05);Vc添加量达到300mg/kg后血清溶菌酶(LSZ)活性比对照组显著提高(P＜0.05);各组间血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性差异不显著(P＜0.05).上述研究表明,饲料中添加Vc能促进草鱼生长,改善肌肉品质,增强非特异性免疫力.适宜的Vc添加量为150mg/kg饲料.     

小球藻对草鱼生长、免疫、消化酶活性和肌肉的影响

为探明饲料中添加不同水平的小球藻对草鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫机能、消化酶活性及肌肉品质的影响,选用平均体质量(105.92±2.79) g的草鱼随机分为5个组,每组30尾,分别投喂添加小球藻为0(对照组)、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%和1.00%的试验饲料,饲养周期为28 d。试验结果显示,0.50%、0.75%和1.00%添加组的终末平均体质量、质量增加率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),饲料系数均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。当添加量达0.75%时,能显著提高草鱼血清的溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,增强草鱼的非特异性免疫机能(P<0.05)。各添加组血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性和抗氧化能力(除0.25%添加组)显著提高。各添加组草鱼脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性明显升高,淀粉酶(除0.25%添加组)活性显著减弱(P<0.05)。添加组草鱼肌肉的氨基酸组成与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。1.00%添加组的草鱼肌肉中亚麻酸和二十碳五烯酸含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.25%、0.75%和1.00%添加组的花生四烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量显...     

黄芩素对草鱼生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和肌肉品质的影响

为研究黄芩素对草鱼生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和肌肉品质的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照组)、0.1、0.2、0.4和0.6 g/kg黄芩素,配制成5组饲料,饲养平均体质量为(75.8±0.24) g的草鱼60 d。结果显示,鱼体增重率与黄芩素含量呈二次曲线关系;在添加0.2 g/kg黄芩素时,鱼体增重率最大(210.1%),较对照组提高了8.63%,而饲料系数较对照组降低0.14;添加0.2、0.4和0.6 g/kg黄芩素显著提高了血清SOD活性,降低了MDA含量,添加0.4 g/kg黄芩素显著提高了血清CAT活性。各组在AKP活性和LZM含量上无显著差异。0.4和0.6 g/kg黄芩素组的肌肉总氨基酸含量和总必需氨基酸含量显著高于对照组,0.6 g/kg黄芩素组的总非必需氨基酸含量也显著高于对照组。各处理组在肌肉水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、胶原蛋白含量、肌肉失水率以及肌纤维密度和直径上差异不显著。上述结果显示,黄芩素可促进草鱼生长,提高血清抗氧化能力。草鱼饲料中黄芩素的添加量推荐为0.2 g/kg。     

抗应激饲料添加剂对草鱼生长、免疫和抗应激能力的影响

在草鱼饲料中加入抗应激添加剂(主要成分为棉粕酶解产物、金银花全花水提物和干酵母培养物)进行86 d的养殖试验,对草鱼的肌肉常规营养成分和免疫相关指标进行分析,以了解抗应激饲料添加剂对草鱼生长、免疫和抗应激能力的影响。试验结果:加入1 %添加剂的试验组在增重率、肌肉品质和抗应激能力方面均优于对照组。试验组鱼的增重率提高8.6 %,血清和肝胰脏中维生素E的含量分别提高29.15 %和39.14 %,血清中溶菌酶的含量提高31.78 %;试验组鱼的SOD、CAT、GSH在血清中的活性均比对照组显著提高,其中SOD提高57.8 %,CAT提高132.25 %,GSH提高139.40 %。试验结果表明:该抗应激饲料添加剂对提高草鱼的抗应激能力有一定的作用效果。     

Dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate may benefit growth performance and intestinal function in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

A 49‐days feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of sodium butyrate on growth performance, gut morphology of juvenile grass carp. Five isoenergetic and isonitrogenous experimental diets were compounded by the supplementation in the basal diet with gradient sodium butyrate at 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 mg kg^?1 respectively. A total of 375 juvenile grass carp (with initial body weight of 3.8 g) were randomly allocated into five diet treatments, and each treatment has three replicates. The results showed that the specific growth rate (SGR) of SB1000 and SB2000 group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the other groups. Moreover, the lowest SGR was observed in SB3000 group. Feeding rate and the whole‐body proximate composition including moisture, crude lipid, crude protein and crude ash were not affected by sodium butyrate (P > 0.05). Total superoxide dismutase activities in hepatopancreas in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity in hepatopancreas was significantly upregulated by dietary sodium butyrate level (P < 0.05). However, the activity of total antioxidant capacity and the contents of malondialdehyde were not significantly different among groups. The expression levels of mRNA encoding PepT1 and LAT2 in the foregut both showed a first increasing and then decreasing tendency as dietary sodium butyrate level increased (P < 0.05), and peaked in SB1000 and SB2000 groups respectively. The results indicated that appropriate dietary supplementation of sodium butyrate at 2000 mg kg^?1 could improve the growth, antioxidant ability and intestinal absorption capacity of the juvenile grass carp.     

不同脂肪源饲料对草鱼稚鱼生长的影响

不同脂肪源饲料对草鱼稚鱼生长的影响刘玮，徐萍，任本根，龚纲明（江西省科学院生物资源研究所，南昌３３００２９）关键词草鱼，鱼饲料，必采脂肪酸ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＤＩＥＴＳＣＯＮＴＡＩＮＩＮＧＤＩＦＦＥＲＥＮＴＬＩＰＩＤＳＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＪＵＶＥＮＩＬ...     

Effects of dietary chlorogenic acid on growth,flesh quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

The study was to investigate effects of dietary chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, flesh quality and serum biochemical indices of grass carp (95.1 ± 0.3 g) (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fed seven different diets, including control diet, Eucommia ulmoides (EU)‐supplemented diet (20 g kg^–1) and CGA‐supplemented diets containing 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg CGA. Contents of collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen in muscle and skin were significantly increased by dietary CGA and EU (p < .05). Total essential amino acids (TEAA) and total amino acids (TAA) in muscle of grass carp fed EU diet or 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg CGA diet were significantly higher than those of fish fed control diet and 100 and 200 mg/kg CGA diet (p < .05). Fish fed 200–800 mg/kg CGA showed significantly lower muscle crude lipid content than EU, control and 100 mg/kg CGA groups (p < .05). Fish fed CGA‐supplemented diets (100–800 mg/kg) had significantly higher muscle fibre density and lower muscle fibre diameter than control group (p < .05). In conclusion, supplementation of CGA improved flesh quality of grass carp, and supplemental level of CGA for improving flesh quality and growth was estimated to be 400 mg/kg diet.     

投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响

分别以配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆、发芽蚕豆喂养体质量为(530±20)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)77 d,以考察投饲蚕豆对草鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响.结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼的增重率分别为83.08%、55.01%和62.82%,饵料系数分别为2.03、2.96和2.70,投饲浸泡蚕豆或发芽蚕豆显著降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.05),增加了饲料系数(P<0.05):与配合饲料组相比,浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组草鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量和肌肉失水率显著降低(P<0.05),胶原蛋白含量和肌纤维直径显著增加(P<0.05);肌肉游离氨基酸中呈味氨基酸的含量显著下降(P<0.05),而必需氨基酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);肌肉的硬度和黏性也有了显著提高(P<0.05).上述结果表明,饲喂蚕豆可显著改善草鱼肌肉品质,但同时降低了草鱼生长性能.[中国水产科学,2008,15(6):1 042-1 049]     

投喂蚕豆对草鱼生长及肌肉营养特性分析

分别用配合饲料、浸泡蚕豆和发芽蚕豆喂养平均体重(1000±20)g草鱼70d,分析投喂蚕豆对草鱼生长及肌肉营养的影响。结果表明,配合饲料组、浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组的草鱼增重率分别为79.5%、40.32%和50.10%,饵料系数分别为2.11、4.78和4.31,投喂蚕豆降低了草鱼增重率(P<0.05),显著增加了饵料系数(P<0.05)。与配合饲料组相比,浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组肌肉中粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量显著降低(P<0.05)。浸泡蚕豆组和发芽蚕豆组的必需氨基酸含量、鲜味氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量比配合饲料组显著提高(P<0.05)。投喂蚕豆降低了草鱼的生长性能,但是显著提高了草鱼肌肉品质。投喂发芽蚕豆的效果要优于投喂浸泡蚕豆。     

Comparison study of three compounds in Eucommia ulmoides on growth,flesh quality of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

This study was conducted to compare the growth‐promoting and flesh quality ‐improving effects of three active compounds in Eucommia ulmoides (EU) on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Four iso‐nitrogenous diets supplemented with 400 mg/kg inclusion of geniposidic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), geniposide (GP) and their combination (GA:CGA:GP = 1:1:1, the mixture) were prepared and fed to grass carp (47.1 ± 0.6 g) for 75 days. The results indicated that weight gain was increased by 5.22%, and feed conversion ratio decreased by 0.07 by dietary CGA (p < 0.05). In flesh quality, the four supplementations significantly increased muscle fibre density, total collagen and alkaline‐insoluble collagen in skin, and reduced steaming loss of flesh. In addition, dietary CGA, GP and the active compounds mixture further increased total collagen, alkaline‐insoluble collagen and amino acid in flesh. In collagen genes expression, the expression of COL1A1 in muscle and skin was significantly promoted by the supplementation of GA, CGA, GP and their combination (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of GA, CGA, GP and their combination improved the flesh quality of grass carp, and the growth was increased by CGA. CGA played more important roles in growth‐promoting and flesh quality‐improving effects than GP and GA.     

Effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on growth performance,antioxidant status and intestinal function in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Glutamine (Gln) is a conditionally essential free amino acid that has been widely used in aquaculture. The present study showed that appropriate levels of dietary Gln could significantly improve growth performance and increase lipase and trypsin activity, mucosal thickness (MT) and the number of lymphocytes. The levels of glycine (Gly) in the 6 g/kg Gln group, threonine (Thr) in the 12 g/kg group and lysine (Lys) in the 6 and 9 g/kg group were increased significantly, while glutamate (Glu) and serine (Ser) concentrations decreased significantly with increasing dietary Gln levels from 3 to 12 g/kg. Moreover, the 12 g/kg dietary Gln level could improve the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX) and the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC). In addition, 3 g/kg Gln upregulated the gene expression of aminopeptidase N (APN), caudal‐related homeobox gene (CDX2), L‐type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2), oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), specificity proteins 1 (SP1) and 3 (SP3), and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPAR‐α) but downregulated PPAR‐γ gene expression compared to that in the control group. Taken together, these findings suggest that Gln could improve the growth performance, antioxidant status and intestinal function of grass carp.     

饲料中添加生物素对草鱼幼鱼生长、体成分和血清生化指标的影响

在纯化饲料中分别添加生物素0、0.05、0.10、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60 mg/kg投喂初始质量为(5.92±0.25)g的草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼8周,研究了不同生物素添加量对草鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料系数、机体营养成分、血清生化指标的影响。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,添加生物素提高了草鱼幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率,降低了饲料系数。添加量为0.40 mg/kg时草鱼幼鱼的特定生长率和增重率最大,饲料系数最低,并与对照组存在显著差异(P<0.05);添加不同水平生物素对草鱼幼鱼全鱼水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著影响,但添加量为0.40 mg/kg时粗蛋白含量最大。0.10 mg/kg组和0.20 mg/kg组的全鱼灰分含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加生物素对血清总蛋白(TP)、血糖(GLU)和总胆固醇(TC)无显著影响,但显著提高了血清甘油三酯(TG)含量,各添加组TG含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),1.60 mg/kg添加组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综合本试验结果,草鱼幼鱼饲料中生物素适宜添加量为0.40 mg/kg。