湖北粮食生产发展与大户经营思考

保障粮食安全始终是农业发展的首要任务.湖北省粮食生产在国家粮食安全体系中占有重要的位置,其发展有潜力也有隐患,无论从国家整体的角度还是从湖北自身发展需求的角度来考察,湖北省都需要积极发展粮食生产,有效的增产粮食.在当前仍然依靠千家万户小规模分散经营粮食生产,难以实现粮食增产和农民增收的双赢,进而影响国家粮食安全.提出推进粮食生产大户经营,促进湖北粮食生产发展的思路,并对粮食大户经营的效益和优势及存在的问题进行了分析,提出了促进粮食生产大户经营发展的系列对策建议.     

湖北省粮食生产现状分析与发展对策

粮食生产对保障国家粮食安全具有重要的战略意义.在分析湖北省粮食生产现状的基础上,归纳了湖北省发展粮食生产的优势和潜力,针对湖北省粮食生产存在的主要问题,提出了发展湖北省粮食生产的对策与措施.一是加强农业科技人才队伍建设,成立省级专家顾问组,完善粮食产业科技的协调机制;二需加大投入,依靠科技攻关,解决粮食作物单产稳定提高的技术瓶颈问题;三要加强对发展农机装备业的重视和支持,提高粮食生产的比较效益;四是优化种植业结构和耕作制度,充分发挥小麦等夏收粮食作物在粮食增产中的作用;五要建立健全科技服务体系,完善科技服务功能.     

河南省化肥使用状况与零增长之路径

<正>河南是粮食生产大省、人口大省,农作物复种指数高,中低产田约占全省耕地面积的2/3,基础地力不足以支撑国家对河南粮食生产的要求,粮食增产主要依靠化肥的大量投入。但过量、盲目地投入化肥在支撑农业增产的同时,也带来了生产成本的增加与环境的污染,亟需改进施肥方式,提高肥料利用率,减少不合理投入,保障粮食等主要农产品有效供给,促进农业可持续发展。一、化肥使用状况(一)全国化肥使用状况人多、地少、耕地质量差的基     

新沂市粮食生产现状及发展对策

粮食生产对保障国家粮食安全具有重要的战略意义。该文通过分析新沂市粮食生产现状及取得的成效,指出其生产存在的问题,提出该市今后粮食生产的发展思路及对策,即明确职责,层层落实;稳定和保护粮食综合生产能力;大力推进粮食集约化生产和产业化经营;依托科技挖掘增产潜力依托科技挖掘增产潜力;落实粮食生产各项扶持政策;主动做好农情信息工作,以为新沂市粮食生产工作提供参考。     

从怀德、梨树两县的粮食生产看我省粮食发展战略问题

本文从我省粮食发展战略目标出发,认真总结了怀德、梨树两县的粮食翻番的经验:主攻中、低产地区、实现全面增产;依靠科学,提高种田水平;发展专业户,加强商品粮生产;提高经济效益,做到增产增收;依靠政策,调动农民积极性,加快粮食生产的发展和商品粮基地县建设。     

河南省化肥使用状况与零增长之路径

河南是粮食生产大省、人口大省,农作物复种指数高,中低产田约占全省耕地面积的2/3,基础地力不足以支撑国家对河南粮食生产的要求,粮食增产主要依靠化肥的大量投入。但过量、盲目地投入化肥在支撑农业增产的同时,也带来了生产成本的增加与环境的污染,亟需改进施肥方式,提高肥料利用率,减少不合理投入,保障粮食等主要农产品有效供给,促进农业可持续发展。一、化肥使用状况(一)全国化肥使用状况人多、地少、耕地质量差的基     

依靠科技进步提高粮食产量

回顾了建国以来河南省粮食生产的历史，找出了近年来粮食生产徘徊的原因，提出在“九五”期间依靠科技进步、实现粮食增产的对策     

促进镇巴县粮食生产发展的途径分析

立足陕西省镇巴县粮食生产发展的实际,找准粮食增产潜力因素,提出了镇巴粮食生产发展要以地方各级组织重视为前提,实施农业工程项目建设做保障,强化技术推广是关键,达到良田、良种、良法三配套,从而提升粮食生产综合能力,实现粮食稳定增产。     

建立以商储为主、国储为辅的化肥淡储机制

<正>我国是一个拥有13亿人口的发展中大国,粮食生产与安全始终是关系国计民生的重大问题。而化肥作为重要的农业生产资料,对粮食增产起着至关重要的作用(据有关资料显示贡献率达40%—50%)。因此,建立长期有效的化肥储备制度,保障化肥供给,抑制化肥价格大幅度波动,是促进粮食增产保障粮食安全的重要战略措施。     

河南省发展现代农业面临的问题及其对策

分析了河南省农业发展的现状：河南省农业生产条件日益改善,粮食生产不断迈上新台阶,特色农业、绿色农产品生产初具规模,农业机械化水平明显提高,农业标准化、外向化程度提高。指出河南省发展现代农业需要破解的难题：粮食增产压力突出;食品安全风险加大;安置就业不容忽视;生态环境依然脆弱。提出了河南发展现代农业的对策：稳定面积,优化结构,依靠科技,千方百计保证粮食持续增产;加强食品安全监管;积极拓展现代农业的就业空间;用现代农业保护生态环境。     

头季稻与再生稻的品质比较研究

对20个水稻品种（组合）头季稻与再生稻的碾米品质、蒸煮品质、外观品质及营养品质进行了分析.结果表明,除精米粒形（长宽比）头季稻与再生稻无多大变化外,糙米率、垩白粒率、垩白度头季稻均高于再生稻,而糊化温度的碱消值则低于再生稻;头季稻与再生稻的精米率、整精米率、胶稠度、直链淀粉含量及蛋白质含量品种（组合）间存在明显差异,但大多数品种（组合）再生稻的精米率、整精米率比头季稻高,而直链淀粉和蛋白质含量则比头季稻低;总体评价是再生稻的米质比头季稻好.     

菊苣--饲料兼经济作物新秀

菊苣为菊科多年生草本植物,原产于欧洲,国外广泛用作饲料、蔬菜和制糖原料,80年代我国引进后又培育出大叶型品种,由于它品质优良,成为最有发展前途的饲料和经济作物新品种.     

Remote-sensing of crop yields

Our research efforts with durum wheat have led to the development of the SDD concept. Its application makes possible crop yield estimates from remotely acquired canopy temperatures and auxiliary air temperature measurements obtained during the period from head emergence to the cessation of head growth. Canopy albedo measurements appear adequate to delineate this critical period, making the technique potentially adaptable to predictions of crop yields by remote-sensing. The trifactor nomograms produced from combinations of the linear regression equations also suggest that the SDD concept may be used for scheduling irrigations by remote-sensing.     

转基因作物的安全性

目前人们对转基因作物的安全性评价焦点集中在释放的生态安全性、物种的遗传安全性和食物的消费安全性三个方面。对转基因作物安全性的检测目前还没有一套快速、准确、灵敏的方法,通常可用酶分析法和组织化学定位法鉴定标记基因,用PCR扩增法鉴定目的基因。     

连续秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤养分的影响

5年连续秸秆还田定位试验结果表明，在施用化肥或不施化肥前提下，秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤有机质含量提高均较为明显，土壤全氮，速效磷含量也有提高；而速效钾含量虽比秸秆不还田处理提高，但比试验前有所下降，因此，连续秸秆还田还须适当增加钾肥的施用量，才能满足作物高产需求，达到土壤钾素平衡。     

Global crop forecasting

Many foreign countries are as dependent on imports of food as the United States is on imports of oil. As the world's largest exporter of food, the United States needs reliable information on fluctuating foreign crop production. But available information is often inadequate and at best untimely. It is gathered by the foreign governments' often outmoded systems and its release may be delayed out of economic self-interest. Recently three U.S. government agencies put together a crop inventory system using satellite remote sensing and worldwide weather reporting and tested it in the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). A 1977 real-time forecast of U.S.S.R. wheat production indicates that the approach works and may be expandable to other areas and other crops.     

试论农作物种子包装设计

阐述了农作物种子包装的国际、国内概况和发展趋势,分析了我国农作物种子包装设计中的功能、色彩、图形等技术要素。提出了我国农作物种子包装行业在与国际接轨的同时,应充分发挥后发优势,走高起点、高效益、低成本、低消耗、无污染、可循环利用、由繁到简的知识产权自主的创新道路。     

Estimation of USLE crop and management factor values for crop rotation systems in China

Soil erosion on cropland is a major source of environmental problems in China ranging from the losses of a non-renewable resource and of nutrients at the source to contamination of downstream areas. Regional soil loss assessments using the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE) would supply a scientific basis for soil conservation planning. However, a lack of information on the cover and management(C) factor for cropland, one of the most important factors in the USLE, has limited accurate regional assessments in China due to the large number of crops grown and their complicated rotation systems. In this study, single crop soil loss ratios(SLRs) were collected and quantified for 10 primary crops from past studies or reports. The mean annual C values for 88 crop rotation systems in 12 cropping system regions were estimated based on the combined effects of single crop SLRs and the percentage of annual rainfall erosivity(R) during the corresponding periods for each system. The C values in different cropping system regions were compared and discussed. The results indicated that the SLRs of the 10 primary crops ranged from 0.15 to 0.74. The mean annual C value for all 88 crop rotation systems was 0.34, with a standard deviation of 0.12. The mean C values in the single, double and triple cropping zones were 0.37, 0.36 and 0.28, respectively, and the C value in the triple zone was significantly different from those in single and double zones. The C values of dryland crop systems exhibited significant differences in the single and triple cropping system regions but the differences in the double regions were not significant. This study is the first report of the C values of crop rotation systems in China at the national scale. It will provide necessary and practical parameters for accurately assessing regional soil losses from cropland to guide soil conservation plans and to optimize crop rotation systems.