肉牛小区建设问题探讨

畜禽标准化小区建设是发展现代畜牧业的重要措施,近年来各级政府在畜禽标准化养殖建设方面投入了大笔资金,建设了很多标准化养殖小区,取得了显著成效。截止2009年末,辽宁省共新建验收合格肉牛养殖小区近千个,对肉牛产业发展和产品安全起到了重要保障作用,但在肉牛小区建设方面还有许多问题需要探讨。     

标准化肉牛养殖小区建设技术应用研究

文章以肉牛养殖小区新的生产工艺流程和标准化建设为切入点,以张掖市甘州区沙井镇西六村肉牛养殖小区为示范点进行了研究。按照当前规模养牛基础与现行标准设计,标准化肉牛养殖小区每户年育肥出栏肉牛100头,每户可实现年纯收入8.1万元。该小区建设模式概括为"31615"模式,即小区占地35亩、入驻农户12户、存栏肉牛600头、出栏肉牛1 200头、实行"五统一"管理。     

肉牛养殖小区建设与管理中应注意的问题

养殖小区是一种新型的、先进的畜牧业生产形式,是我国现阶段畜牧业生产方式转变的客观要求.我省的养殖小区在各级政府的推动和从业者的参与下,呈现出良好的发展势头.尤其在省农牧厅连续两年召开"全省畜禽养殖小区现场会议"和倡导"大力发展草食畜"产业的政策感召下,肉牛育肥养殖小区建设如火如荼.     

福建省畜禽标准化养殖小区建设的构想

建设安全高效、可持续发展的现代畜牧业,是海峡西岸经济区建设的重要内容,而现代畜牧业发展的必然趋势是标准化、规模化、集约化.倡导和鼓励推行标准化养殖小区是全面提高畜禽产品质量、增强市场竞争力、促进养殖业优质、高效、安全与可持续发展的一项重要举措.本文着重分析外省在推行畜禽标准化养殖小区时遇到的问题,总结他们的经验,提出福建省发展畜禽标准化养殖小区的新思路.     

现代畜牧牧业业发展与标准化畜禽养殖小区建设

本文从现代畜牧业发展趋势和标准化畜禽养殖小区建设两方面入手,阐述了相关问题,以期为我国畜牧业发展提供启示。     

畜禽养殖小区建设存在的问题与对策

改革开放以来，畜牧业持续快速的发展，扭转了肉类、禽蛋和奶类长期供应短缺的局面，畜牧业步入了一个新的发展阶段。随着国内人民生活水平的提高和人世后国际问的贸易准则，对肉类、禽蛋和奶类的卫生质量和食用安全提出了更高的要求。由     

标准化肉牛养殖小区技术规范

近年来,随着国家标准化养殖示范场创建的不断推行,肉牛标准化养殖小区建设发展速度较快,进一步规范肉牛养殖小区建设、饲养管理,提高出栏率,我们从工作中总结制定了本规范,以便同行借鉴。1建设规模养殖小区要达到存栏200头以上,入驻农户1户以上。     

巴州养殖小区推广措施

在社会主义新农村建设的进程中．四川省巴中市巴州区坚持以中央1号文件精神为指导．牢固树立并认真落实科学发展观．充分发挥现代畜牧业在建设社会主义新农村中不可比拟、无可替代的作用．以建设畜牧养殖小区为抓手，突出标准化生产，大力实施畜牧经济强区战略，全区已建成标准化养殖小区65个，其中生猪标准化养殖小区58个，优质肉牛养殖小区4个．良种禽兔养殖小区3个，有力地促进了畜牧业持续、快速发展，为努力推进社会主义新农村建设奠定了坚实的基础。     

饲养小区建设面面观

江苏省在推广畜牧业标准化生产过程中，把发展奶牛饲养小区作为工作的重点。江苏省各地奶牛养殖小区建设模式主要有3种：一是地方政府出资或以项目资金建设，将当地的奶牛散养户集中到区内，统一饲养；二是由乳品加工企业出     

肉牛集约化生产小区建设的技术标准

标准化、规模化养殖模式是畜牧业发展的必然趋势。倡导和鼓励推行养殖小区标准化生产,是全面提高畜产品质量安全、增强市场竞争力,促进养     

牛短期育肥及牛肉分割测定试验研究

本文选择１６头１８月龄体重约３００ｋｇ的西杂牛（１０头）和夏杂牛（６头）公牛,进行为期３个月的育肥试验,结果表明两种杂交组合的牛日增重平均可达１．１ｋｇ,均适宜于高档牛肉生产。     

肉牛集中育肥技术要点

随着我国黄牛从传统的役用向肉役兼用及完全的肉用方向转变,发展肉牛业成为农民脱贫和保证经济发展的一个有效方法.     

Backgrounding beef cattle.

Stocker operations differ significantly in management techniques and health programs. Critical control points should be identified for each farm and used to ascertain the biggest areas for potential improvement so as to allow proper allocation of resources. A customized wellness program couples medicine and management to minimize the negative impact of disease. A complete program involves animal selection, disease prevention, and management. Calves should be evaluated and classified into appropriate risk categories regarding treatment, management, and performance expectations. Disease prevention strategies should involve increasing immune responses while decreasing pathogen exposure and stress in cattle. Disease management includes the methods used to minimize the impact of illness on the population     

Impact of internal parasites on beef cattle

Internal parasitism is a pervasive constant that reduces returns in beef cattle production. Parasitism may influence production sufficiently so that data derived investigating performance response will be erroneous. The interaction of internal parasites of cattle with other facets of their lives makes it imperative that more parasite research be done on cattle to consider their impact. Results of trials designed to determine forage production at various stocking densities may not reflect the nutritive value of the forage, but instead the severity of parasite exposure. Relative resistance or susceptibility to certain parasites vary with the breed of livestock and the species of parasite. Extensive work to evaluate the ability of various breeds and sires to influence parasitic numbers has been conducted in sheep but not in cattle. Some parasite trials have ignored the effects of nutrition on the establishment and retention of parasites. This becomes especially important where multiple parasite exposure may occur. Susceptible cattle, even on an optimal diet, will become parasitized, but if reexposed to the same species of parasite, cattle on an optimal diet may be able to resist reinfection, whereas those on deficient diets will not.     

Economics of deworming beef cattle

From the practitioner level and for the producer, there is far too much confusion concerning internal parasites in cattle and the justification of control measures. By coordinating research efforts between parasitologists and other scientists, awareness of internal parasites will be raised and the total impact of parasitism can better be evaluated.     

The conception rates of beef cattle in the Gisborne district in relation to Strain 19 inoculation

Abstract

Extract

Granulomatous lesions in cats are well recognized entities and in particular lesions ascribed to various actinomycetes have been reported on a number of occasions (Ainsworth and Austwick, 1959, pp. 65–72 Ainsworth, G. C. 1962. Veterinary Annual, Edited by: Pool, W. A. 70–70. Bristol: John Wright &; Sons.  [Google Scholar]). In a survey carried out by Prévot et al. (1961) Ainsworth, G. C. and Austwick, P. K. C. 1959. Fungal Diseases of Animals, 64–79. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agric. Bureau.  [Google Scholar] it was found that, of 100 organisms isolated from chronic suppurative lesions in cats, only 5 per cent, were actinomycetes. The remaining 95 per cent. Included streptococci, staphylococci, Pasteurella septica and several members of the family Sphaerophoraceae. In all cases, the pus contained granules resembling the “sulphur-granules” commonly associated with actinomycosis.     

从肉牛到牛肉的经济指标分析

【目的】为了解现阶段肉牛到牛肉之间的联系现状和产出能力,掌握主要经济指标,确定计算肉牛产值的依据。 【方法】以张掖市肉牛与牛肉之间的联系现状为例,从中选取１个能够代表现阶段生产水平的随机样本（n=11777）,利用统计分析方法进行分类和分组,列出次数分布表与分布图,研究宰前重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和净肉率5个变量的频率分布,并根据平均数() 和标准差（S）及其分布规律推算出总体平均数u的概率置信区间代表群体生产水平,作为计算肉牛产值的依据。【结果】现阶段进行肉牛生产的主要品种为西门塔尔、安格斯和荷斯坦,公牛育肥产肉占84.54%。其中西门塔尔占74.61%居主导地位,安格斯占16.08%,荷斯坦占9.31%。西门塔尔牛以宰前重在500~700kg的小架子牛育肥产肉占56.12%居主导地位,依次为大架子育肥占39.28%、小牛肉占2.57%和成年牛占2.03%。肉牛宰前重、胴体重、净肉重和屠宰率、净肉率5个指标样本分组频率与正态分布理论概率相关度高、绝对差值小,概率相近。 【结论】现阶段生产牛肉的主要品种有西门塔尔、安格斯和荷斯坦,以公牛育肥为主。主导品种西门塔尔牛生产周期有缩短趋势,小牛肉生产起步。 西门塔尔牛群的宰前重、胴体重、净肉重和屠宰率、净肉率均值为：684.94kg、385.16kg、316.85kg和56.47%、45.71%时,区间为：581.33≦x≦788.55、321.9≦x≦448.40、266.09≦x≦367.61、53.85≦x≦59.09、42.57≦x≦48.85。 大群体宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率的均值为：678.13kg、379.54kg和55.81%%,区间为572.63≦x≦783.63 、311.42≦x≦447.66、52.34≦x≦59.28 。 反映肉牛生产水平的5个经济指标的概率分布为正态分布,平均值（）一倍标准差左右取值概率为0.6827,可用概率密度函数公式进行相应的计算。根据正态分布特点,平均值左右一倍标准差范围内取值的概率最大为,平均值即为群体盈亏平衡点,且主导品种的宰前重、胴体重和屠宰率较大群体分别高6.81kg、5.62kg和0.66%。 祁连牧歌实业有限公司为张掖市规模最大肉牛屠宰加工企业,屠宰牛源为周边规模养殖场育肥牛,该结果能够代表张掖市域内肉牛大群体生产水平,指标平均值（）可以作为计算肉牛产值的统计依据。 生产中可以此为标准对经营情况进行分析,当个体牛只或经营单位的宰前重、胴体重、净肉重和屠宰率、净肉率高于平均值时说明该牛只育肥状况较好或该经营单位经营状态良好,大概率保持盈利。     

大蒜对肉牛的作用机制

肉牛的饲料中添加大蒜(AlliumSativum),可明显促进肉牛的增重,本试验对与肉牛日粮转化率密切相关的几项血液指标进行分析得出:大蒜添加量在66～84g/头·d和大蒜素在0.3～0.4g/头·d的剂量范围,血液中胰岛素(INS)、总氨基酸(TAA)、限制性氨基酸(LAA)、生长激素(GH)含量达到最大值。试验结果表明大蒜量低于75g/头·d或大蒜素低于0.35g/头·d的范围值时,INS、TAA、LAA、GH对肉牛增重的基础代谢起正相关生物学调控;反之,为负相关的生物学调控。     

Hip dysplasia in beef cattle

A bilateral hip lameness has been found in young beef bulls of the Hereford, Aberdeen Angus, Galloway and Charolais breeds in the United Kingdom, North America and Australia. The incidence is usually small and sporadic, but up to half of the male animals on one farm may be affected clinically by the time they are one year old. Clinical lameness begins at three months to two years old, and very occasionally up to three years of age; some calves are obviously affected at birth. Aberdeen Angus cattle tend to be affected earlier than other breeds. Clinical evidence of the condition is almost entirely confined to the male.