野生大豆抗旱性鉴定及研究

1999年对410份野生大豆进行抗旱性初步评价基础上，2000—2002年对13份野生大豆做进一步抗旱性评价，并与半野生大豆、栽培大豆的抗旱性进行比较。结果表明：野生大豆中存在高度抗旱基因型，其中ZYD1936、ZYD3654的平均抗旱系数大于0．6500，系1级抗旱材料，且抗旱性稳定。平均抗旱系数与株高、结荚高度、分枝数、主茎节数、单株荚数、单株粒数均呈负相关，与单株粒重和百粒重呈正相关。高度抗旱野生资源的特点：生育日数120天左右，株高200cm左右，主茎明显，主茎节数较多，分枝数较少且短，结荚部位较低；中型椭圆叶，紫花，棕毛，无限结荚蔓生习性；小粒、黑种皮、椭圆粒，以二、三粒荚为主，一粒荚次之，四粒荚较少，一级抗旱材料的四粒荚比栽培大豆多。     

菜用大豆8901的特征特性及栽培技术

菜用大豆是指鲜食为主的春毛豆。因其价格低廉、营养丰富、味道鲜美、有益健康而深受消费者喜爱。“菜用大豆 890 1”是从日本引进的鲜食大豆品种 ,在我省的大部分地区种植均表现高产、优质、早熟、抗病等特点 ,具有较大推广种植前景。一、品种特征特性“菜豆 890 1”最显著的特点是植株矮、结荚密 ,是目前春毛豆品种中植株较矮的一个。株高 1 8～ 2 3厘米 ,最低结荚部位大约 4厘米 ,分枝数 2～ 3个 ,主茎与分枝结荚密 ,结荚部位豆荚成簇 ,易采摘。单株有效荚2 5～ 32个 ,三粒荚比例较高达 30 % ,豆荚比台 2 92稍小 ,百荚鲜重 2 60克。鲜荚…     

大豆鼓粒期非叶光合器官与粒重的关系

在田间条件下，R6期采用铝箔遮光处理，对三个早熟大豆材料中、上部节叶片、荚、叶柄进行遮光处理，研究叶片，荚、叶柄对粒重的影响。结果表明，叶片遮光节粒重下降幅度为10．4％～33．3％；叶柄遮光节粒重下降仅为1．0％～8．9％；荚遮光与叶片遮光粒重降幅相近为27．3～40．0％。粒数比单粒重对遮光反应更敏感。荚的光合作用主要在鼓粒前期进行。     

夏大豆荚粒形成特性研究

对中黄13、SK12等7个品种（系）不同节位分枝、结荚特性分析研究,结果表明：主茎自3节开始结荚,荚粒占70％以上,随节位呈抛物线变化。分枝着生在3—8节,呈正态分布;分枝荚粒随节位上升直线下降。分枝数、主茎荚粒与单株生产力正相关。对中黄13豆荚长、宽、厚度动态变化和豆荚、籽粒质量变化分析研究,结果表明：豆荚长、宽度先期同步快速增长,达到恒定值后则趋于稳定;厚度先缓增后降,顶部开花40d左右最大。籽粒体积随着豆荚厚度增减而增减。鲜荚质量变化可用e的二次多项式指数曲线描述,豆荚、籽粒和百粒干物质积累可拟合直线和Logistic曲线,荚壳质量变化为抛物线。因此高产栽培要保花增荚增粒。     

黄淮流域主栽大豆品种炸荚性研究初报

通过对黄淮流域32个大豆品种进行的32d跟踪调查，初步明确了大豆炸荚规律，表明品种之间总炸荚率、成熟后10d炸荚率存在明显差异，根据总炸荚率分为5级，其中0级（不炸荚）占6．25％，Ⅰ级（0％～1％）占12．5％，Ⅱ级（1％～5％）占25．0％；Ⅲ级（5％～10％）占18．75％；Ⅳ级（10％～30％）占18．75％：Ⅴ级（大于30％）占18．75％。通过对成熟后32d的日平均气温、日熙时数、空气相对湿度与日平均炸荚率进行相关分析表明：平均炸荚率与日平均气温的相关系数为0．34，与平均日照的相关系数为0．35，均未迭显著水平，与空气相对湿度的相关系数为-0．73，迭极显著水平。说明大豆炸荚主要受品种特性影响，同时与成熟后空气相对湿度有关。     

高油大豆品种筛选及350公斤超高产试验设计方案

本方案采用百粒重20-24g，结荚密，平均荚结粒3．5个的品系“96—209”大豆作为高产品种，通过一系列的技术措施，在重演320kg/667m^2的基础上，实现每m^2结荚681.82个，荚结3.5粒，百粒重22g(26株/m^2,26．22荚/株)的产量结构，实现667m^2产350kg的超高产栽培。同时，筛选适合当地栽培，产量潜力在250kg/667m^2的高油大豆品种。     

QTL Analvsis of Seed and Pod Traits in Soybean

利用Charleston×东农594构建的F2衍生的149个F2:14,F2:16株系组成的重组自交系群体,采用复合区间作图法(CIM)和多重区间作图法(MIM),连续3 a对一粒荚数、二粒荚数、三粒荚数和四粒荚数共4个荚粒性状进行QTL分析.结果表明:3a间CIM和MIM分别定位到13个和24个QTL,分布11个连锁群上.采用CIM法,定位到1个控制一粒荚数的QTL在2a中稳定出现;采用MIM法,定位到1个控制二粒荚数的QTL和1个控制四粒荚数的QTL在2a中稳定出现,且控制四粒荚数的QTL2 a的性状贡献率分别为72.5％和37.6％.     

高产、优质、高抗大豆东京1号

日本大豆东京1号1992—1995年在黑龙江、辽宁、吉林、内蒙古、河北、山东6省（区）试验、示范总面积达2333hm2，一般产量在3750－6195kg／hm2，比当地品种增产30％以上。该品种属多分枝适稀植品种，生育期115－120天，是吉林、辽宁、河北、山东等省的早热品种，适于在黑龙江省的第二积温带和第三积温带上限地区种植。该品种属工有限结荚习性。分枝早，结荚密，主茎荚占40％左右，3、4粒荚占70％以上。单株产量50—150g，百粒重22一23g。该品种抗逆性强，可抗早春晚霜和初秋的早霜轻微冻害。抗御夏天30天无雨的干旱如夏秋大雨的涝灾，而不至…     

夏大豆花期和结荚期追氮肥对产量的影响

为解决有限结荚型大豆品种终节出现的空荚秕粒及顶二节着生菜粒极少的问题,于1983年6—9月,用早熟7号品种(中国科学院遗传研究所选育,有限结荚型)进行花期和荚期土壤追氮肥的研究。     

泸县田坎大豆地方品种数量性状的遗传变异及相关分析

泸县４３个田坎大豆地方唾骂的２９个数量性状的基因型间差异极显著,单株秕荚数,秕荚率、三粒荚型百分主,分枝荚数,百粒重等性状的ＧＣＶ值〉３０％;百粒重,单荚粒数及三粒荚型百分率的广义遗传力〉９０％,单株产量与单株有效荚数,单株粒数,单荚粒数及百粒重,株高及茎粗与单荚粒数及百粒重,单株有效分枝数及主茎结荚节数与单株有效荚数及单株粒数均呈极显著正相关。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.