Sex attractant of the codling moth: characterization with electroantennogram technique

trans-8, trans-10-Dodecadien-1-ol is a sex attractant of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella. Antennal responses (electroantennograms) to a series of monounsaturated compounds were used in determining the location and configuration of the two double bonds. The synthetic compound is very attractive to male codling moths in the field.     

Sex attractant of the pink bollworm moth: isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant produced in extremely small amount by the virgin female pink bollworm moth has been isolated in pure form and identified as 10-propyl-trans- 5, 9-tridecadienyl acetate. Successful synthesis of this molecule confirms the structure and makes possible its practical use to help control this destructive pest of cotton. The attractant, for which the common name "propylure" is suggested, may be the first naturally occurring compound with propyl branching to be reported.     

Sex attractant of the grass grub beetle

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the grass grub beetle Costelytra zealandica (White) has been isolated and identified as phenol. Field tests with phenol-water mixtures were attractive to male beetles in particular.     

Sex attractant of the black carpet beetle

The principal component of the sex attractant of the black carpet beetle Attagenus megatoma (Fabricius) is trans-3, cis-5-tetradecadienoic acid.     

Sex attractant in a brown alga: chemical structure

In the report "Sex attractant in a brown alga: Chemical structure" by D. G. Müller et al. [171, 815 (1971)], allo-cis-l-(cyclo-heptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1 in line 2 of the abstract and in line 4 of column 3, page 815 should read all-cis-l-(cycloheptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1.     

Sex attractant in a brown alga: chemical structure

The male-attracting substance produced by the female gametes of the marine brown alga Ectocarpus siliculosus was identified as allo-cis-1-(cycloheptadien-2',5'-yl)-butene-1.     

Potent sex attractant of the gypsy moth: its isolation, identification, and synthesis

The sex attractant emitted by the female gypsy moth has been identified as cis-7,8-epoxy-2-methyloctadecane. The structure was verified by spectral, gas chromatographic, and biological comparisons with the synthesized compound. Nine closely related isomers were considerably less effective.     

Sex attractant of sugar beet wireworm: identification and biological activity

The sex attractant produced by adult females of the sugar beet wire-worm, Limonius californicus (Mannerheim) has been isolated and identified as valeric acid. In the laboratory, male wireworm beetles are repelled by the pure attractant but are drawn with intense sexual excitement to its dilute solutions; in the field, male beetles are lured from a distance of 12 meters. The pheromone occurs in unusually large amounts in the female's body.     

Sex attractant pheromone of the house fly: isolation, identification and synthesis

A sex pheromone isolated from the cuticle and feces of the female house fly attracts the male fly; it has been identified as (Z)-9-tricosene. Chemical and biological comparisons of the natural and synthesized compounds show that they are identical.     

Sex pheromone of the codling moth: structure and synthesis

The structure of a sex pheromone of the codling moth. Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), has been determined by spectrometric and chemical degradative techniques and by synthesis to be (2Z, 6E)-7-methyl-3-propyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol. In field cage tests the synthesized sex pheromone was as attractive as the natural, but neither was as attractive as ten virgin females per trap.     

Sex pheromone of the pink bollworm moth: biological masking by its geometrical isomer

A mixture of the cis and trans forms of propylure (10-propyl-trans-5,9-tridecadienyl acetate), the sex pheromone of the female pink bollworm moth, has been separated into its pure isomers by thin-layer chromatography. The cis isomer inhibits or masks the activity of the trans isomer, as little as 15 percent of the cis isomer being sufficient to completely nullify the activity of the trans isomer.     

小菜蛾雄蛾对不同组分、比例和剂量的人工合成引诱剂的田间反应

为了提高小菜蛾性诱剂的田间诱捕效果,在大白菜地进行不同人工合成引诱剂对小菜蛾的诱捕试验.试验结果表明,增加0.01%的顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯能够提高目前诱芯的诱蛾效果.三元组分,顺-11-十六碳烯醛、顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯和顺-11-十六碳烯醇在7∶3∶1比例下的诱蛾能力显著优于其它三元组分比例的诱蛾力.比例为70∶30∶10∶0.01的四元组分,顺-11-十六碳烯醛、顺-11-十六碳烯乙酸酯、顺-11-十六碳烯醇和顺-9-十四碳烯乙酸酯,诱芯含量为10 μg时在田间的诱蛾效果最好,因而建议在中国使用这种诱芯诱捕小菜蛾.     

Sex pheromone of the winter moth, a geometrid with unusually low temperature precopulatory responses

The sex pheromone for the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), has been identified as the novel compound (Z,Z,Z)-1,3,6,9-nonadecatetraene. The male moths respond to the pheromone at low temperatures (4 degrees to 15 degrees C) and exhibit an upper response limit that coincides with the lower response limit for other reported moth sex pheromone systems. The pheromone attracted two other geometrid species, O. bruceata (Bruce spanworm) and O. occidentalis.     

Sex Pheromone of the Almond Moth and the Indian Meal Moth: cis-9, trans-12-Tetradecadienyl Acetate

Female moths of different species but belonging to the same subfamily produce an identical compound as their sex pheromone. The sex pheromone of the almond moth, Cadra cautella (Walker), and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), has been isolated and identified as cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadienyl acetate.     

Postindustrial melanism in the peppered moth

New data show the geographical pattern of frequency of the melanic morph carbonaria of the peppered moth, Biston betularia, in 1983-84. These frequencies are compared with data from 1952 to 1970. After 20 years of smoke control, the area of high melanic frequency has contracted to the northeast. The change indicates a disadvantage to carbonaria of about 12 percent compared with 20 years ago. Computer simulations, which do not include the assumption of heterozygote advantage, provide a good match to the surface for the period 1952 to 1970, and also the 1983-84 surface. Experiments on visual predation have been criticized as giving unrepresentative estimates of selection but they permit satisfactory simulations to be made.     

性诱剂在文山州的示范推广及效果分析

<正>2009年文山州农药使用量是2000年的8.51倍,其中杀虫剂用量占48.95%。长期、大量地使用化学农药,导致害虫产生抗药性,在增加了生产成本的同时亦造成农业生态环境污染,影响食品安全。在农产品质量安全备受关注的今天,应加大杀虫效果好、残留低的无公害药剂的选择力度,通过5年的应用示范,认为性诱剂(昆虫性信息素)是最经济有效的生物防治技术,诱杀害虫效果好,并且绿色环保、无毒无污染。     

菜粕豆粕固态混合发酵的研究

豆粕、菜粕按1:1混合为发酵基质,经过菌株初筛、复筛及单菌、混菌的固态发酵,以酸溶性蛋白含量(TCA-N)、蛋白水解度(DH)以及酶切位点有效值(EV)、硫苷降解率为主要评价指标,得到菌株的最佳组合为BL-1+BS+解脂假丝酵母。通过4因素3水平正交试验,确立的最佳发酵工艺条件为料水比1∶1.1、接种量9%、初始发酵温度37℃、发酵时间48 h。在此条件下发酵后样品粗蛋白含量从49.5%增加到53.1%,TCA-N由2.50%升高到27.2%,硫苷降解率达65.2%。SDS-PAGE图谱显示大分子蛋白被降解为12 ku以下。     

Feline attractant, cis,trans-nepetalactone: metabolism in the domestic cat

cis,trans-Nepetalactone, the biologically active component of catnip, was force-fed to the domestic cat. When the (14)C-labeled compound was fed, 86 to 94 percent of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine, 1 to 2 percent was found in the feces, and 1 to 12 percent was collected as carbon dioxide. The major (50 to 75 percent) metabolite was alpha-nepetalinic acid, which was excreted in the urine together with small amounts of dihydronepetalactone, unchanged cis,-trans-nepetalactone, and several unidentified compounds. No marked physiological or histological eflects were observed when 20 to 80 milligrams of cis, trans-nepetalactone was administered orally. This is the first report on the metabolism of a mammalian attractant.