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针对西北地区黄河流域农业滴灌中黄河水泥沙含量高的问题,设计了碟式分离机,选用了LW-380E型卧螺离心机和FXJ-150-I型水力旋流器,将卧螺离心机、碟式分离机和水力旋流器顺次串联进行黄河水泥沙分离。通过三因素二次正交旋转回归试验设计,考察了卧螺离心机差转速、碟式分离机喷嘴直径以及旋流器旋流入口压力对黄河水泥沙分离效率的影响,得出分离效率与影响因素的回归模型。通过方差和效应分析得出:旋流入口压力和差转速对分离效率的影响极显著,喷嘴直径对分离效率的影响显著;水平优化表明,黄河水泥沙分离的最佳参数是旋流入口压力为1.2 MPa,差转速为9.4 r/min,喷嘴直径为0.8 mm。 相似文献
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针对西北地区黄河流域农业滴灌中黄河水泥沙含量高的问题,根据泥沙基本特征设计了适于黄河水泥沙分离的碟式分离机.通过3因素2次正交旋转回归试验设计,考察了转鼓转速、碟片间隙以及喷嘴直径对黄河水泥沙分离效率的影响,得出分离效率与影响因素的回归模型.通过方差分析和效应分析得出:喷嘴直径和转鼓转速对分离效率的影响极显著(P<0.01),碟片间隙对分离效率的影响显著(p<0.05).通过频数分析和水平优化表明:黄河水泥沙分离的最佳参数是喷嘴直径为1.4 mm,转鼓转速为3 600 r/min,碟片间隙为1.6mm. 相似文献
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碟式分离机在黄河水泥沙分离中的 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对西北地区黄河流域农业滴灌中黄河水泥沙含量高的问题,根据泥沙基本特征设计了适于黄河水泥沙分离的碟式分离机。通过三因素二次正交旋转回归试验设计, 考察了转鼓转速、碟片间隙以及喷嘴直径对黄河水泥沙分离效率的影响, 得出分离效率与影响因素的回归模型。通过方差分析和效应分析得出:喷嘴直径和转鼓转速对分离效率的影响极显著(p<0.01), 碟片间隙对分离效率的影响显著(p<0.05)。通过频数分析和水平优化表明:黄河水泥沙分离的最佳参数是喷嘴直径为1.4 mm, 转鼓转速为3600 r•min-1,碟片间隙为1.6mm。 相似文献
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碟式分离机在黄河水农业灌溉中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对黄河流域农业灌溉用水中黄河泥沙含量高的问题,根据黄河泥沙的基本特征设计了适用于黄河水泥沙分离的碟式分离机,并按照离心力场中颗粒沉降条件计算出分离机主要参数。在黄河泥沙分离的试验中对不同试验条件下的清液进行了粒级效率分析。通过一次回归正交试验,分析了影响分离效果的主次因素并找出了最佳参数组合。通过回归正交设计得到了以分离效率Y为试验目标的回归方程,运用方差分析可知该方程极显著(a=0.005)并且拟合较好。试验结果表明:转鼓转速对分离效率影响极显著,喷嘴数量和碟片间隙对分离效率影响较小。 相似文献
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应用水力旋流器进行黄河水泥沙分离时,溢流口悬浮液的颗粒粒度分布和平均粒径的大小是评价水力旋流器分离性能的重要指标.在模拟黄河水泥沙分离试验中,通过改变旋流器某些结构和操作参数,进行正交对比试验,然后对不同试验条件下溢流的颗粒进行中位径分析,定性地总结出旋流器的某些结构和操作参数对分离性能的影响规律.结果表明,当进料口悬浮液中位径为3.5 μm时,进口压力高于0.06 MPa,分离产品的中位径才明显减小.进口压力从0.06 MPa升至0.07 MPa时,分离产品的中位径下降了65.6%.当进口压力大于0.07 MPa时,分离产品的中位径变化不明显.当进料口悬浮液中位径等于3 μm,进口压力为0.05 MPa时,底流口直径从14 mm升至16 mm,分离产品的中位径下降了68.4%. 相似文献
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针对高含沙量黄河水不易用于滴灌的问题,应用旋流分离技术结合网式过滤技术对黄河水泥沙进行分离。根据黄河水的特征,利用Rietema公式进行理论计算,选取合适的旋流分离器。采用基于颗粒动力学理论的混合多相流模型与有限体积法对高浓度水沙空气三相三维流动进行模拟研究,分析内部流场,改进旋流器结构。实际应用结果表明:改进后旋流分离器与网式过滤器组成的多级泥沙分离系统能有效分离高含沙黄河水,而且耐用性强、易于维护,为滴灌系统稳定有效的工作提供保障。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明:该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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Gunter Wriedt Marijn van der Velde Alberto Aloe Fayçal Bouraoui 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(5):771-789
We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications. 相似文献
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在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。 相似文献
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车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。 相似文献