发展东北啤酒大麦基地若干问题的探讨

黑龙江啤酒大麦基地已正式组建11年，啤酒大麦原料生产数量、质量均波动明显，原因一是产地生态条件只基本适合，二是体制和管理系统有待改进。介绍世界几大啤酒大麦基地情况，对比黑龙江啤酒大麦基地，找出差距以及改进和努力的方向。     

大麦信息

据可靠消息,1991年进口啤酒大麦达100万吨以上,严重冲击了我国国产大麦生产基地。今年黑龙江庆安啤酒原料厂等,针对这一情况,向国务院申诉要求大麦原料立足于国内,该     

依靠科技实行产业化生产振兴东北啤酒大麦基地

黑龙江啤酒大麦基地无论是科研、生产及基地建设都取得了重大进展,4年共审定推广8个啤酒大麦新品种.其中垦啤麦7号经两年区试,平均比垦啤麦3号增产11.53%,一年生产试验平均增产12.65%.经连云港两年化验蛋白质含量比垦啤麦3号低1.4%,麦芽无水浸出率比垦啤麦3号高3.2%(82.65%).产量和品质都好于垦啤麦3号.4年共获得农垦总局一等奖两项、省科技进步三等奖两项.大麦种植面积和种植范围都不断扩大,由黑龙江东部种植扩大到全省以及辽宁、吉林和内幕的呼盟地区,2002年达到历史最高92万hm2以上.生产面积和范围扩大的同时,生产形式也发生变化,由原来单调的农户生产变为90%以上定单生产,逐步形成了产业化生产模式.随着品种和种植技术的不断推广以及生产体制的不断完善,东北啤酒大麦基地的形势会非常乐观.     

依靠科技 实行产业化生产 振兴东北啤酒大麦基地

黑龙江啤酒大麦基地无论是科研、生产及基地建设都取得了重大进展，4年共审定推广8个啤酒大麦新品种。其中垦啤麦7号经两年区试，平均比垦啤麦3号增产11．53％，一年生产试验平均增产12．65％。经连云港两年化验蛋白质含量比垦啤麦3号低1．4％，麦芽无水浸出率比垦啤麦3号高3．2％(82．65％)。产量和品质都好于垦啤麦3号。4年共获得农垦总局一等奖两项、省科技进步三等奖两项。大麦种植面积和种植范围都不断扩大，由黑龙江东部种植扩大到全省以及辽宁、吉林和内幕的呼盟地区，2002年达到历史最高92万hm^2以上。生产面积和范围扩大的同时，生产形式也发生变化，由原来单调的农户生产变为90％以上定单生产，逐步形成了产业化生产模式。随着品种和种植技术的不断推广以及生产体制的不断完善，东北啤酒大麦基地的形势会非常乐观。     

河西走廊啤酒大麦发展中的问题及对策

甘肃河西地区是我国重要的优质啤酒大麦生产基地之一,也是我省重要的啤酒大麦生产基地之一。啤酒大麦产业的快速发展,不仅带动了甘肃河西地区工农业生产的发展,而且已发展成为本区具有特色的优势支柱产业之一,对甘肃河西经济的发展,提高农民收入起有一定的推动作用。通过对河西地区气候生态和啤酒大麦生产实际调查,分析了甘肃河西发展啤酒大麦生产的优势及存在的主要问题,并针对性的提出了几点发展思路和对策。     

红兴隆农科所啤酒大麦育种研究进展

<正>东北啤酒大麦基地经过20多年的建设,喜忧参半。忧的是由于玉米、水稻等粮食作物面积的增加,大麦的面积逐年减少。喜的是虽然黑龙江基地的面积下降,但我们又开辟了另一个基地——内蒙古呼伦贝尔市,与此同时,基地的科研工作始终没有停止,并且有了重大进展。下面主要介绍近期育成的新品种、新品系。1垦啤麦10(红06-277)1.1特征特性垦啤麦10(红06-277)是红兴隆农科所用     

试用灰色关联度分析评价大麦引种鉴定品种

啤酒大麦是啤酒工业的主要原料之一,是随着我国啤酒工业的发展而带动起来的农业产业。甘肃省是我国优质啤酒大麦基地之一,常年播种面积在100万亩左右,总产40万～50万t。啤酒大麦基地建设缓解了我国啤酒工业对国产优质啤酒大麦的需求,调整了种植业结构,初步形成了种植、销售和加工相互配套的商品化基地。但在基地建设过程中,已出现了品种单一,推广品种种性退化等现象。因此,引进选育优良啤酒大麦新品种势在必行。我省1983年在八一农场首先开始大麦的引种试验工作,通过引种鉴定,品比和区试,曾肯定了黑引瑞（瑞典）、莫特44（美国）…     

稳步建设西藏啤酒大麦商品基地的探讨

目前,拉莎啤酒厂即将建成投产,社会各界十分关注我区啤酒工业的发展。我区地处边缘,交通不便,啤酒大麦原料不能从外省调入,更不能从国外进口,必须立足于区内生产。通过啤酒大麦科研、示范、推广和啤酒大麦商品基地初步建立结果,我区能够生产优质啤酒大麦原料。但是,必须探讨有效途径,采取有效措施,才能稳步建设啤酒大麦商品基地。     

甘肃省啤酒大麦产业发展现状、存在问题及建议

甘肃是我国重要的啤酒大麦生产基地之一,本文通过对甘肃气候生态条件和啤酒大麦生产现状的调查,分析了甘肃省发展啤酒大麦产业的优势及存在的问题,并针对性地提出了几点发展建议。     

大理州啤酒大麦优质高产栽培技术规程

啤酒大麦是大理州农业产业结构调整，农村经济发展和增加农民收入具有带动作用的支柱产业。针对啤酒大麦生长发育特性及其对环境条件要求，结合大理州生态特点、耕作制度和产业发展实际，根据多年来对啤酒大麦品种试验示范结果和大面积生产经验总结，研制出“大理州啤酒大麦优质高产栽培技术规程”指导全州啤酒大麦生产基地规范化种植，实现大理州啤酒大麦产业可持续发展。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.