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1.
青藏高原土壤有机碳储量与密度分布   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
采用全国第二次土壤普查数据结合作者的实测数据,利用1∶100万土壤数据库对青藏高原土壤有机质层、土壤矿质层及整个剖面的土壤有机碳密度和土壤有机碳储量分别进行了估算。结果表明:青藏高原的平均土壤有机碳密度约为C 7.2 kg m-2,较前人的C 8.01~19.05 kg m-2全国平均土壤有机碳密度偏低。青藏高原总的土壤有机碳储量约为18.37 Pg,其中有机质层土壤有机碳储量约占38.14%,矿质层土壤有机碳储量则占61.86%。  相似文献   

2.
土壤有机碳研究进展   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
回顾了国内外土壤有机碳研究进展及趋势,阐述了全球土壤有机碳库存量及分布、我国土壤有机碳库储量概况、农田土壤有机碳组成及其影响因素、农田土壤有机碳转化规律及影响因素,指出了我国在土壤有机碳研究方面存在的问题及今后的发展方向.  相似文献   

3.
西北高寒地区农田土壤有机碳(SOC)储量的变化研究,可为东部农田SOC对气候和管理措施的响应提供预警信息。针对西部高原县域尺度上典型的地貌类型和土壤类型,对其耕层和剖面SOC进行了分析。结果表明, 青海省乐都县农田耕层(020 cm)SOC的变化范围为4.38 g/kg~20.81 g/kg,均值为11.29 g/kg,且不同土壤类型上表现出黑钙土(16.15 g/kg)>栗钙土(10.53 g/kg)>灰钙土(9.50 g/kg)的趋势。地形对耕层(020 cm)SOC含量没有显著影响,但深层(20100 cm)SOC因地形存在显著差异,在峁坡上,黑钙土、 栗钙土和灰钙土的深层(20100 cm)SOC分别比同种土壤类型的谷底深层土壤提高了111.5%、 62.5%和66.3%。农田SOC的垂直分布也因地形存在差异,同一种土壤类型在谷底其耕层(020 cm)SOC含量均比深层(20100 cm)高,峁坡上其深层(20100 cm)比耕层(020 cm)高,黑钙土、 栗钙土和灰钙土在谷底其耕层(020 cm)SOC含量分别比同一土壤类型的深层(20100 cm)土壤提高18.7%、 24.3%和153.5%,黑钙土、 栗钙土和灰钙土在峁坡上其深层(20100 cm)SOC含量分别比同一土壤类型耕层(020 cm)提高46.9%、 8.0%和1.0%。这一结果可为准确估算青藏高原农田SOC的变化提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳影响研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
森林生态系统土壤有机碳作为陆地碳循环研究的重要内容,在全球变化和全球碳收支的研究中占据了重要地位。火干扰能改变森林生态系统中土壤与大气的碳素交换,是森林生态系统碳循环的重要影响因子。为此,加强火干扰下森林生态系统土壤有机碳循环研究,了解火干扰与森林生态系统土壤有机碳循环之间的交互关系,有助于揭示火干扰下土壤碳库动态机理。本研究简要综述了火干扰对森林生态系统土壤有机碳影响研究进展,探讨了不同强度林火对土壤有机碳的影响,分析了其产生机理;阐述了火干扰不同时间后土壤有机碳变化、火干扰对不同土层土壤有机碳的影响,并分析了其原因。最后讨论了火干扰对森林土壤有机碳影响研究中存在的相关问题,提出了在今后研究中应关注的问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

5.
青藏高原农田生态系统碳平衡   总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
为探讨青藏高原农田生态系统碳平衡规律及其影响因子 ,并揭示其对全球含碳温室气体源、汇变化的贡献与响应 ,1 998~ 1 999连续 2年在拉萨农业生态站农田用静态箱法和生物量取样法开展土壤—植被界面CO2 吸收与排放的试验研究。农作物生长季 ,以冬小麦为例 ,生长前期 (从播种到拔节 )土壤碳排放量高于植被碳固定 ,生长后期 (灌浆到成熟 )则是植被碳固定高于土壤碳排放量 ,从全年来看 ,土壤碳排放量略高于植被碳固定  相似文献   

6.
沙漠化土壤有机碳研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阐释沙漠化现状及沙漠化土壤有机碳特别是与粉粘土结合有机碳的变化;分析土壤有机碳损失的主要因素为风蚀、土地利用方式和气候因子;基于以上分析提出以改变管理方式为主,结合创新技术,并辅以政策导向的固碳措施;针对研究现状存在的不足,对今后的研究提出展望。  相似文献   

7.
[目的] 开展青藏高原隧道建设对土壤有机碳含量及酶活性的影响研究,为阐明隧道建设对生态环境的影响提供理论参考。[方法] 以青藏高原某隧道工程建设为依托,在隧道建设影响区与对照区设置半径为10 m的固定监测样地,研究隧道建设对表层土壤有机碳含量及酶活性的短期影响。[结果] 隧道开建1 a后隧道影响区土壤有机碳含量、易氧化有机碳含量和可溶性有机碳含量分别为76.84,25.90和3.15 g/kg,对照区分别为52.91,15.60和3.18 g/kg;隧道开建3 a后隧道影响区土壤有机碳含量、易氧化有机碳含量和可溶性有机碳含量分别为92.63,28.65和3.41 g/kg,对照区分别为94.81,23.11和3.34 g/kg;差异均不显著(p>0.05),表明短期内隧道建设对土壤有机碳及组分含量无影响。隧道影响区的土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶和过氧化氢酶活性在开建1 a后和3 a后与对照区差异均不显著(p>0.05),隧道影响区的多酚氧化酶活性在开建1 a后有显著降低(p=0.02),但在开建3 a后,多酚氧化酶活性在隧道影响区和对照区之间没有显著差异(p>0.05),表明隧道建设对土壤酶活性无显著影响。[结论] 隧道工程建设对土壤有机碳及其组分含量和酶活性短期内无显著影响,主要由于隧道建设过程对土壤有机碳输入与输出等无明显影响所致,长期影响有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

8.
为了明晰水力侵蚀作用下土壤碳库的变化,本文总结和归纳了国内外水力侵蚀作用对土壤有机碳稳定性的影响和今后需加强研究的主要方向.运用文献调研法,剖析水力侵蚀机制,水力侵蚀现状及类型,自然侵蚀和加速侵蚀,水力侵蚀对土壤有机碳库存的影响,侵蚀碳“源、汇”论的分歧点,水力侵蚀对土壤有机碳选择性稳定机制、空间隔阻稳定机制和有机矿物...  相似文献   

9.
10.
土壤有机碳储量研究进展   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
如何有效进行土壤有机碳储量估算,世界各国都做了有益地探索和研究。本文通过对比分析目前国内外土壤有机碳相关研究成果,系统总结了土壤有机碳的研究背景、研究方法、评价指标及储量等主要成果,并指出了我国在土壤有机碳储量研究方面存在的若干问题。最后提出目前需要深入的几个研究方向,包括采用大比例尺地形图,进一步提高不同海拔地块土壤碳储量估算精度,加强土壤有机碳与气候相互作用机理分析,综合分析土地利用/覆盖变化对土壤有机碳的影响,并寻求不同时空条件下土壤有机碳估算方法。  相似文献   

11.
    
Chinese grasslands have undergone great changes in land use in recent decades. Approximately 18.2% of the present arable land in China originated from the cultivation of grassland, but its impact on the carbon cycle has not been fully understood. This study was conducted in situ for 3 years to assess the comprehensive effects of cultivation of temperate steppe on soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil respiration rates as well as ecosystem respiration. As compared with those in the Stipa baicalensis steppe, the SOC concentrations at depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm in the spring wheat field were found to have decreased by 38.3 and 17.4% respectively from 29.5 and 21.9 g kg−1 to 18.2 and 18.1 g kg−1 after a cultivation period of 30 years. Accordingly, the total amounts of soil respiration through the growing season (from April to September) in 2002, 2003 and 2004 were 265.2, 282.2 and 237.4 g C m−2 respectively in the spring wheat field, which were slightly lower than the values of 342.2, 412.0 and 312.1 g C m−2 in the S. baicalensis steppe, while ecosystem respiration of 690.9, 991.2 and 569.6 g C m−2 respectively in the spring wheat field were markedly higher than those of 447.0, 470.9 and 429.7 g C m−2 in the steppe plot. Similar seasonal variations of ecosystem respiration and soil respiration existed in both sample sites. Respiration rates were higher and greater differences existed in both ecosystem respiration and soil respiration during the exuberant growth stage of plants (from mid-June to mid-August). However, in the slower-growth period of the growing season (before late May and after late August), the CO2 effluxes of the two sample sites were similar and remained at a relatively low level. The results also showed that ecosystem respiration and soil respiration were under similar environmental controls in both sample sites. Soil water content at a depth of 0–10 cm and soil temperatures at 5 and 10 cm were the main factors affecting the variations in ecosystem respiration and soil respiration rates in droughty years of 2002 and 2004 and in the rainy 2003, respectively. This study suggests that the conversion of the grassland to the spring wheat field has increased the carbon loss of the whole ecosystem due to the change of vegetation cover type and significantly reduced the carbon storage of surface soil. In addition, the tillage of grassland had different effects on ecosystem respiration and soil respiration. The effects were also dissimilar in different growth stages, which should be fully considered when assessing and predicting the effects of cultivation on the net CO2 balance of grassland ecosystems.  相似文献   

12.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) is an important component in agricultural soil, and its stock is a major part of global carbon stocks. Estimating the SOC distribution and storage is important for improving soil quality and SOC sequestration. This study evaluated the SOC distribution different land uses and estimated the SOC storage by classifying the study area by land use in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau. The results showed that the SOC content and density were affected by land use. The SOC content for shrubland and natural grassland was significantly higher than for other land uses, and cropland had the lowest SOC content. The effect of land use on the SOC content was more significant in the 0-10 cm soil layer than in other soil layers. For every type of land use, the SOC content decreased with soil depth. The highest SOC density (0-60 cm) in the study area was found in shrublandII (Hippophae rhamnoides), and the other land uses decreased in the SOC density as follows: natural grassland > shrublandI (Caragana korshinskii) > abandoned cropland > orchard > level ground cropland > terrace cropland > artificial grassland. Shrubland and natural grassland were the most efficient types for SOC sequestration, followed by abandoned cropland. The SOC stock (0-60 cm) in this study was 23,584.77 t with a mean SOC density of 4.64 (0-60 cm).  相似文献   

13.
耕作及水蚀影响下坡耕地土壤有机碳动态模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
土壤侵蚀和沉积明显影响土壤有机碳(SOC)的积累与损耗,在以往土壤碳平衡模拟中却未得到应有的重视。本文以典型黑土漫岗坡耕地表层土壤为研究对象,利用CENTURY模型模拟特定质地下自然黑土有机碳的积累过程,估算研究区黑土有机碳及各组分的背景值;对比研究侵蚀泥沙对SOC富集的影响,将模型模拟值与实测值进行统计比较来验证模型;进而模拟侵蚀区开垦后SOC以及各组分随时间的变化,定量研究土壤侵蚀对SOC各组分损失的贡献。研究结果表明:黑土有机碳的累积大致可分为初期的快速积累和后期缓慢积累两个阶段,前期慢性有机碳库的累积对SOC库的增加贡献最大,后期SOC累积主要由惰性有机碳缓慢累积来完成。达到平衡状态时,研究区黑土有机碳含量为7 240 g m-2,以慢性和惰性有机碳为主,约占总SOC的97.4%。考虑泥沙对SOC的富集作用,模型模拟值与实测值更加吻合。自然黑土开垦后,微生物分解矿化作用是活性和慢性有机碳损失的主要途径,土壤侵蚀明显降低惰性有机碳含量,其贡献率随侵蚀速率的增加而增大。因研究区侵蚀不严重,土壤侵蚀对开垦以来的SOC库损耗贡献较小。  相似文献   

14.
基于多区域重复采样,研究了藏北高原不同状态(正常、轻度和严重退化)高寒草原表层(0~10 cm)、亚表层(10~20 cm)土壤有机碳(Soil organic carbon,SOC)、腐殖质碳(Humus carbon,HC)、胡敏酸碳(Humic acid carbon,HAC)和富里酸碳(Fulvic acid carbon,FAC)的变化,以及土壤微生物群落、微生物生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)、纤维素分解酶活性(Cellulolytic enzyme activity,CEA)对其产生的影响与作用。结果表明:高原寒旱环境中土壤的HC/SOC比例过低,但PQ值(HAC/HC)很高。随土层加深,不同状态草地SOC、HC、HAC含量、HC/SOC比例在总体上趋于不同程度的下降,PQ值则均呈一定程度的提高。相对于正常草地,随草地退化加剧,表层SOC、HC(HAC、FAC)增幅分别表现出略呈下降、大幅提高,亚表层降幅则均呈大幅下降。反映到0~20 cm土层,SOC、HC、HAC含量均表现出正常草地严重退化草地轻度退化草地,HC/SOC比例、PQ值则分别呈严重退化草地正常草地轻度退化草地、正常草地轻度退化草地严重退化草地,说明草地退化在促进表层SOC、HC(HAC、FAC)形成与积累的同时,更\"激发\"了亚表层的矿化,尤其是严重退化草地有机残体的分解过程,但腐殖质品质并未随土壤腐殖化程度的提高而得到相应改善。MBC、CEA与SOC、HC及组分高度一致的土体分布格局影响并决定了上述过程,草地退化有利于真菌、放线菌对土壤、尤其是亚表层土壤有机残体的分解与转化。  相似文献   

15.
森林土壤有机碳库组分定量化研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用一级动力学方程研究了贵州省黎平县森林土壤活性、缓效性和惰效性有机碳库的变化及分解速率,模拟结果表明:各土壤剖面的土壤活性碳库一般占总有机碳的0.5%~7.6%,平均驻留时间(M ean Residue Tim e,MRT)为41~64天;缓效性碳库占总有机碳的45%~71%,平均驻留时间为3~30年;采用酸水解法测定惰效性碳库的库容,一般占总有机碳的20%~50%。活性碳库的变化规律为混交林>阔叶林>针叶林,缓效性碳库中混交林最大,其它两种林分规律不明显;不同林龄的杉木(8年,16年,40年),非活性碳库(缓效性碳库和惰效性碳库之和)的含量变化规律为40年>16年>8年,说明40年生的杉木下土壤固碳能力比8年和16年的强;16年的又比8年的强。  相似文献   

16.
高寒草原是青藏高原广泛分布的植被类型。本文以念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统为对象,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对影响高寒草原生态系统表层(0~20cm)土壤活性有机碳分布的因素进行了研究。结果表明:念青唐古拉山东南坡高寒草原生态系统表层(0~20cm)土壤活性有机碳平均含量为2.61±0.31g·kg?1;影响表层土壤活性有机碳分布的地形因子是海拔和坡度,植被因子是0~10cm、10~20cm土层地下生物量,物理因子是0~10cm、10~20cm土壤含水量和0~20cm土壤容重,化学因子是土壤全钾含量。其中0~10cm、10~20cm土壤含水量和0~20cm土壤容重影响达显著水平。在海拔4421~4598m范围内,随着海拔升高,表层土壤活性有机碳含量表现出增加→减少→增加→减少的分布特征。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract. The soil sequestration components of recent estimates of the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land were calculated on the basis of a percentage change to the soil carbon stock present in the soil. Recent data suggest that the carbon stock of soil in UK arable land has been overestimated, meaning that potential soil carbon sequestration rates were also overestimated. Here, we present a new estimate of the carbon stock in UK arable land, and present revised estimates for the carbon mitigation potential of UK agricultural land. The stock of soil organic carbon in UK arable land (0–30 cm) is estimated to be 562 Tg, about half of the previous estimate. Consequently, the soil carbon sequestration component of each mitigation option is reduced by about half of previously published values. Since above-ground carbon accumulation and fossil fuel carbon savings remain unchanged by these new soil carbon data, options with a significant non-soil carbon mitigation component are reduced by less than those resulting from soil carbon sequestration alone. The best single mitigation option (bioenergy crop production on surplus arable land) accounts for 3.5 Tg C yr−1, (2.2% of the UK's 1990 CO2-carbon emissions), whilst an optimal combined land-use mitigation option accounts for 6.1 Tg C yr−1 (3.9% of the UK's 1990 CO2-carbon emissions). These revised figures suggest that through manipulation of arable land, the UK could, at best, meet 49% of its contribution to the EU's overall Kyoto CO2-carbon emission reduction target (8% of 1990 emissions), and 31% of the greater target accepted by the UK (12.5%). Even these reduced estimates show a significant carbon mitigation potential for UK arable land.  相似文献   

18.
以安徽省江淮丘陵区农业大县滁州市定远县为代表,运用统计学方法、地统计学方法和GIS技术研究了农田表层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)含量的空间分布及其影响因子。统计结果表明:研究区2011年SOC含量为(10.96±3.63)g/kg,变异系数为33.12%,属于中等变异程度。地统计分析结果表明,研究区SOC半方差模型为指数模型,存在强烈的空间自相关性,SOC含量在空间分布上表现为由东至西先递减后递增,大致呈带状分布。土壤颗粒组成和秸秆还田是影响SOC空间变异的主要因素。  相似文献   

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