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1.
Łukasz Stępień Volker Mohler Jan Bocianowski Grzegorz Koczyk 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1499-1506
Fifty-three wheat cultivars have been genotyped using 24 SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers in order to evaluate genetic
similarities among Polish wheats, i.e. 53 spring and winter cultivars; ‘Chinese Spring’ was taken as reference. ll but one
SSR marker allowed to identify DNA polymorphisms, giving in total 166 alleles (including nulls), from 3 to 13 alleles per
marker with mean of 7.22. Based on marker data, genetic similarities were calculated and a dendrogram was created. ‘Spring’
cultivars were less diverse than winter ones, showing the biggest similarity to ‘Chinese Spring’. Four sister cultivars (Nutka,
Tonacja, Zyta and Sukces), formed a cluster of very similar materials, of which Zyta and Sukces had the highest similarity
indices. Parental lines Jubilatka and SMH 2182 were more distant from each other (genetic similarity of 0.227). It was possible
to differentiate all the wheats using only four SSR markers: Xgwm186, Xgwm389, Xgwm459 and Xgwm577. 相似文献
2.
R. Moreno J. A. Espejo A. Cabrera T. Millán J. Gil 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(4):729-736
A study has been conducted into the genetic variation analysis of the tetraploid asparagus landrace ‘Morado de Huetor’ and
its relationship with current commercial cultivars using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers. The presence
of different ploidic levels in the ‘Morado de Huetor’ landrace has been also studied using cytogenetic analysis. Ten decamer
oligonucleotides were used to obtain RAPD markers and to characterise 52 individuals of ‘Morado de Huetor’, 7 of the tetraploid
cultivar ‘Purple Passion’, and 55 of 5 diploid hybrid commercial cultivars. Jaccard similarity index was calculated and a
cluster analysis using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair-Group Method using Arithmetic Average) was performed. Tetraploid asparagus,
‘Morado de Huetor’ and ‘Purple Passion’, were well differentiated from the diploid ones showing a higher genetic variability.
This result suggests a different origin for tetraploid and diploid asparagus varieties. Within the diploid cultivars a variety
distribution was obtained. A specific monomorphic band (OPB20883) was found in tetraploid varieties. Within the diploid cultivars, two bands (OPB20830, OPC15705) can be used to distinguish between the hybrid cultivars used in this study. Tri-, penta-, hexa-, and octoploid plants were
found in ‘Morado de Huetor’. The origin of these ploidic levels is discussed and their use in the development of new varieties
is proposed. In conclusion, ‘Morado de Huetor’ is a genetic resource that could be used to increase the narrow genetic background
reported in diploid asparagus cultivars. 相似文献
3.
Eight genomic SSR markers with a M13 tail attached were used to assess the genetic diversity of 72 Ussurian Pear accessions
(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) in China. The M13-tailed method was effective in discriminating all the 32 wild accessions. All the 40 Ussurian Pear
cultivars could be successfully discriminated with the exception of 4 sets of synonymies or spots. A total of 108 alleles
were obtained with an average of 13.5 per locus. The expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and power of discrimination
were 0.78, 0.63, and 0.86 respectively. Three triploid cultivars (‘Anli’, ‘Ruan’er’, and ‘Pitaiguo’), and one wild accession,
P. ussuriensis ‘Xilin-3’, showed three alleles at some SSRs. The number of alleles and observed heterozygosity per locus for 40 Ussurian
Pear cultivars were 9.1 and 0.62, respectively, lower than the values of 32 wild accessions which were 11.3 and 0.65, respectively.
A dendrogram based on the SSR genotypes was obtained, showing two major groups corresponding to cultivated group and wild
group. All the cultivars fell into the cultivated group. Some subgroups (Nanguoli subgroup, Zhibazi subgroup, Xiangshuili
subgroup, Balixiang subgroup, Anli subgroup) could be found in the cultivated group. A very close relationship between ‘Huagaili’
and ‘Miansuan’, and a close relationship between ‘Anli’ and a wild accession, P. ussuriensis ‘Huangshanli’ could be found in Anli subgroup. ‘Nanguoli’ and ‘Xiaowuxiang’ showed a close relationship with at least one
identical allele at each locus with the exception of NH015a. 相似文献
4.
Comparative analysis of organelle DNAs in acid citrus grown in Japan using PCR-RFLP method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asad Asadi Abkenar Shiro Isshiki Ryoji Matsumoto Yosuke Tashiro 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):487-492
PCR-RFLP analyses of three regions for each of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA; rbcL-ORF106, trnD-trnT, trnH-trnK) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; nad7/exon2-exon3, nad7/exon3-exon4, 18S-5S) were performed in 26 cultivars of acid citrus grown in Japan to identify polymorphisms and classify them. The polymorphisms
were compared with those of three true Citrus species, i.e., mandarin, pummelo and citron. Ichang papeda (C. ichangensis) was also included in this study to find its relationship with Yuzu. Inter-species cpDNA variation was recognized and the
acid citrus were divided into three groups, namely; I (‘Yuzukichi’ and ‘Kinkoyu’), II [sour oranges (‘Kaiseito’, ‘Daidai’
and ‘China daidai’), ‘Nansho daidai’, ‘Kiku daidai’, C. sudachi (‘Mushi yukaku’, ‘Yushi yukaku’ and ‘Yushi mukaku’), C. sphaerocarpa (‘Kabosu’ and ‘Aka kabosu’), C. kizu (‘Taninaka kizu’, ‘Kinosu’ and ‘Kizu’), ‘Zanbo’, ‘Mochiyu’, ‘Jabara’ and ‘Naoshichi’], and III [Yuzu (‘Tetraploid’, ‘Tochikei
yuzu’ and ‘Yamanekei yuzu’), ‘Matsuda sudachi’, ‘Zuishoyu’, ‘Hanayu’ and ‘Yuko’]. CpDNA restriction patterns of the three
true Citrus species differed from each other as well as from those of ichang papeda. CpDNA restriction patterns of group I of the acid
citrus were identical to those of mandarins. Group II showed the same as pummelos. CpDNA restriction patterns of group III
were differed from those of the three true Citrus species in the three regions. This group was differed from ichang papeda after digestion of trnH-trnK PCR products with TaqI, HinfI and AluI, while they showed identical restriction patterns in two regions, rbcL-ORF106 and trnD-trnT. Citrons and ichang papeda were placed in groups IV and V, respectively. Based on mtDNA restriction patterns, the acid citrus
were divided into three groups; i, ii and iii. In groups i and ii accessions of groups I and II of cpDNA were placed with
mandarins and pummelos, respectively. In group iii accessions of group III of cpDNA were placed with ichang papeda. Citrons
were placed in a distinct group, iv. 相似文献
5.
Gert Poulsen Claus Holten Roland von Bothmer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1105-1115
Dead seeds of a fodder beet cultivar ‘Elvetham’ stored under ambient conditions since 1880 were compared to a homonymous sample
preserved in an on-farm situation in Denmark. DNA was isolated from single seeds and successfully applied to Amplified Fragment
Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the accessions. Six primer pairs were used to determine the similarity between the
two accessions based on 112 polymorphic bands. Furthermore, similarity among seven cultivars of fodder beets representing
the main types used in Scandinavia at the end of the 19th century was determined. This analysis was based on 152 polymorphic
bands. Differentiation among the seven cultivars was determined to a mean G
ST value of 0.438, while G
ST between the two ‘Elvetham’ accessions was 0.266. A principal coordinate analysis based on jaccards similarity index illustrates
that the two ‘Elvetham’ accessions are different from each other. The differentiation is higher than the value found between
two separate ‘Eckerndorfer’ accessions. The results indicate that the cultivated accession has changed. Additionally, the
value of applying old dead seed material for documentation in gene banks is demonstrated.
During the analysis it was found that DNA isolated from seeds and leaves behaved differently in the AFLP process, however,
the two fractions assigned to their common accession. 相似文献
6.
Ali M. Missaoui Andrew H. Paterson Joseph H. Bouton 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1291-1302
Information regarding the amount of genetic diversity is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of breeding programs and germplasm conservation efforts. Genetic variation between 21 switchgrass genotypes randomly selected from two lowland (‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’) and one upland (‘Summer’) synthetic cultivars were estimated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers. Comparison of 85 RFLP loci revealed 92% polymorphism between at least two genotypes from the upland and lowland ecotypes. Within ecotypes, the upland genotypes showed higher polymorphism than lowland genotypes (64% vs. 56%). ‘Kanlow’ had a lower percent of polymorphic loci than ‘Alamo’ (52% vs. 60%). Jaccard distances revealed higher genetic diversity between upland and lowland ecotypes than between genotypes within each ecotype. Hierarchical cluster analysis using Ward's minimum variance grouped the genotypes into two major clusters, one representing the upland group and the other the lowland group. Phylogenetic analysis of chloroplast non-coding region trnL (UAA) intron sequences from 34 switchgrass accessions (6 upland cultivars, 2 lowland cultivars, and 26 accessions of unknown affiliation) produced a neighbor-joining dendrogram comprised of two major clusters with 99% bootstrap support. All accessions grouped in the same cluster with the lowland cultivars (‘Alamo’ and ‘Kanlow’) had a deletion of 49 nucleotides. Phenotypic identification of greenhouse-grown plants showed that all accessions with the deletion are of the lowland type. The deletion in trnL (UAA) sequences appears to be specific to lowland accessions and should be useful as a DNA marker for the classification of upland and lowland germplasm. 相似文献
7.
Ten cpSCAR markers that show polymorphism in Prunus avium were used to fingerprint sweet cherry cultivars. The purpose of the study was also to contribute to identification and to
help determine their genetic interrelationships. Samples of ‘0900 Ziraat’, a superior Turkish variety, which were collected
in several locations all over Turkey, had identical cpSCAR patterns, and they resembled a common European haplotype, A. ‘Sweetheart’,
‘Summit’ and ‘Canada Giant’ and their haplotype are intermediate between the previously described haplotypes A and B, which
were originally found in Central and Eastern European sweet and wild cherries, and those from Northern Turkey, respectively.
The data therefore suggests a local maternal descent (within Europe and Asia Minor) of the cultivars analysed. Our results
show that chloroplast DNA analysis is a straightforward way to classify cherry cultivars. We compare our results to others
previously reported for sweet cherry cultivars, and conclude that cpSCAR diversity data could be considered for phylogenetic
studies in this group. 相似文献
8.
Nahla V. Bassil B. Gilmore J. M. Oliphant K. E. Hummer J. A. Henning 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):959-969
Eight genic SSR loci were evaluated for genetic diversity assessment and genotype identification in Humulus lupulus L. from Europe and North America. Genetic diversity, as measured by three diversity indices, was significantly lower in European
cultivars than in North American wild accessions. Neighbor Joining cluster analysis separated the hop genotypes into European
and North American groups. These eight SSRs were useful in uniquely identifying each accession with the exception of two sets
of European landraces and a pair of Japanese cultivars, ‘Shinshuwase’ and ‘Kirin II’. An accession from Manitoba grouped with
the European (EU) cluster reflecting the group’s genetic similarity to older Manitoba germplasm used to develop ‘Brewer's
Gold’ and the gene pool arising from this cultivar. Cultivars grouped closely with one of their immediate parents. ‘Perle’
grouped with its parent ‘Northern Brewer and ‘Willamette’ grouped with its parent ‘Fuggle H’. Wild American accessions were
divided into two subgroups: a North Central group containing mostly H. lupulus var. lupuloides and a Southwestern group containing H. lupulus var. neomexicanus accessions. These eight SSRs will be valuable for genotype identification in European and wild American germplasm and may
potentially prove useful for marker-assisted selection in hop. PCR products from four previously reported primer pairs that
amplify the same intronic SSR regions as do the genic SSRs in this study were compared in eight common cultivars. Different
primer pairs generated robust markers at the chs2 and chi loci. However, only the HLC-004B and HLC-006 primer pairs amplified successfully at the chs3 and chs4 loci.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
9.
10.
R. Sánchez-Pérez P. Martínez-Gómez F. Dicenta J. Egea D. Ruiz 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(4):763-770
In this study, 17 peach simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences were used in the exploration of the genetic heterozygosity
level of several apricot cultivars from Spain, France, Greece, and the USA, and 23 descendants. The genotypes can be classified
in three groups as a function of their genetic heterozygosity (1) local cultivars from Murcia (Spain) (‘Gitanos’ and ‘Pepito
del Rubio’) and several descendants from crosses among these cultivars, with very low genetic heterozygosities (less than
0.30); (2) cultivars from France and Spain (‘Moniquí’, ‘Currot’ and ‘Bergeron’) and several descendants, with intermediate
levels of genetic heterozygosity (around 0.45); and (3) cultivars ‘Orange Red’ and ‘Goldrich’ from North America and ‘Lito’
from Greece, with the remaining descendants, having genetic heterozygosities higher than 0.50. The results showed the high
increase of genetic heterozygosity in the case of descendants from complementary crosses. The use of cultivars from North
America could increase greatly the genetic heterozygosity in the Spanish apricot breeding programs, enlarging the genetic
variability of the local cultivars. On the other hand, in the case of transgressive crosses among local Spanish cultivars,
the increase of genetic heterozygosity was much lower. 相似文献
11.
Lu Bao Kunsong Chen Dong Zhang Yufen Cao Toshiya Yamamoto Yuanwen Teng 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):959-971
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and relationship of Pyrus L. cultivars native mainly to East Asia. A total of 168 putative alleles were generated from six primer-pairs (BGA35, KU10,
BGT23b, NH004a, NH011b and NH015a). All the SSR markers showed a high level of genetic polymorphism with a mean of 28 putative
alleles per locus and the heterozygosity of 0.63. The Dice’s similarity coefficient between cultivars ranged from 0.02 to
0.98 and Occidental pears generally had low affinities to Asian pears. Ten major groups were generated from all the accessions
by UPGMA clusters analysis. Chinese sand pears consisted of four groups with Chinese white pears and Japanese pears, of which
Chinese sand pears occurred in all four groups, presenting a large genetic diversity, Chinese white pears were included in
three groups, and Japanese pears only fell into one group. In the dendrogram, Chinese sand pears and Chinese white pears did
not form discrete group, even subgroups. Some Japanese pear cultivars had high affinities to Chinese sand pear cultivars.
These findings supports the authors’ previous viewpoints of Chinese white pears as a variety or an ecotype of Chinese sand
pears (P. pyrifolia var. sinensis (Lindley) Y. Teng et K. Tanabe) and the progenitor of Japanese pears coming from China. Cultivars of P. ussuriensis Maxim. were clustered together with one clone of P. hondoensis Nakai et Kikuchi, a relative species of P. ussuriensis. Cultivars of P. communis L. and other Occidental species formed three independent groups and were distant from most Asian pears, except for P. betulaefolia Bge. 相似文献
12.
To evaluate the genetic diversity and to clarify the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars, we analyzed the amplified
fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and traced the pedigree of 17 Japanese commercial peach cultivars and six traditional
accessions. Sixteen AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 837 fragments and 146 polymorphic bands with a polymorphism
percentage of 17.5%. All of the peach accessions could be identified from differences in at least 10 polymorphic bands. A
cluster analysis showed that all the Japanese commercial peach cultivars, except ‘Kiyomi’ and ‘Jichigetsuto’, formed a major
group consisting of three sub-groups. Of the six traditional accessions, four were genetically distant from the Japanese commercial
peach cultivars while two accessions from China were classified into the Japanese commercial peach cultivars group. Both the
AFLP analysis and pedigree tracing suggested that Japanese commercial peach cultivars are mainly derived from ‘Shanhai Suimitsuto’,
one of the traditional accessions from China. Although the genetic relationships revealed by AFLP were generally in agreement
with those shown by the pedigree information, some contradictions were found. Combining the AFLP results and pedigree information
can provide a better understanding of the genetic relationships of Japanese peach cultivars. 相似文献
13.
B. Khadari L. Krichen P. Lambert M. Marrakchi J. M. Audergon 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(4):811-819
In order to give insights into the origin and historical selection process of Tunisian apricot propagated by grafting, 31
cultivars from three areas presenting contrasting ecological conditions – Kairouan, Testour and Ras Jbel were compared to
cultivars from Europe, North America, North Africa, Turkey, Iran and China, using 234 AFLP markers. The phenetic analysis
allowed to distinguish 5 clusters, the four previously defined groups: – ‘diversification’, ‘geographically adaptable’, ‘continental
European’ and ‘Mediterranean’ – groups and the Tunisian one. The partitioning of genetic diversity within and between cultivar
groups assessed according to the Bayesian approach and assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, showed a loss of 21.81–38.49%
of genetic diversity in Tunisian apricot compared to Mediterranean and diversification groups, respectively. Genetic variation
occurred within Tunisian subgroups rather than among (FST = 0.060) evidencing a narrow genetic pool. Mediterranean and Tunisian groups were the least differentiated. Comparing them,
24 AFLP fragments discriminated the Mediterranean group from the Tunisian group but most of them where also shared by the
other groups. Strongly differentiated gene pool and low genetic diversity are probably the result of bottleneck effects linked
to the occurrence of propagation by seedlings rather than by grafting during the introduction periods in the North and the
Centre of Tunisia. This study points at the propagation by seedlings as an important factor which should be taken into account
to understand the evolution of apricot in South Mediterranean areas. 相似文献
14.
Ten EST-SSRs previously isolated from Pyrus were used to identify 81 P. communis, 13 P. pyrifolia and 20 P. ussuriensis or P. × bretschneideri accessions. Cross-transference of these EST-SSRs was high in these species. PYC-008 and PYC-004 were the least informative
SSRs in each of the pear species and were monomorphic in P. pyrifolia while PYC-013, PYC-002 and PYC-009b were the most informative in all species. EST-SSRs were very valuable for identification
of incorrectly identified accessions, failed grafts and sets of synonyms in each of the species. Unsuspected relationships
were uncovered, including a parental relationship between ‘Anjou’ and ‘Farmingdale’, a clonal relationship between ‘Berger’
and ‘Bartlett’, and a very close relationship between ‘Beurre Superfin’ and ‘Doyenne du Comice’. One SSR marker was different
in one of three sports of ‘Doyenne du Comice’ (‘Doyenne du Comice Crimson Gem’) and in one of two sports of ‘Anjou’ (‘Gebhard
Red’ red skin sport of ‘Anjou’). UPGMA cluster analysis separated the pear accessions into a large European cluster and an
Asian group mostly according to common ancestry, geographical origin or time of ripening. High cross-transference of EST-SSRs
in Pyrus species is very valuable for germplasm management in such a highly diverse collection as found at the NCGR Pyrus genebank in Corvallis, OR. 相似文献
15.
C. A. Offord 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(6):1263-1272
Waratahs (Telopea spp.) are cultivated for their blooms for the international cut flower market. A morphometric study was conducted on a range of cultivated waratah varieties to determine the variability of selected characters of horticultural importance and which parents might be of value in future breeding programs. Univariate analysis of characters of 13 cultivars revealed the greatest range of variation in number of flowers, bract dimensions, flower colour and leaf margin type. Differences were observed between number of flowers per inflorescence in the T. speciosissima (Sm.) R.Br. group of accessions and the other species cultivars; interspecific cultivars with T. mongaensis, Cheel and T. oreades F. Muell. were intermediate, with a similar pattern observed in bract length and width. Multivariate analysis (canonical variate analysis – CVA) discriminated between waratah cultivars on the basis of flower colour (first axis), then flower number, bract length, leaf width and leaf margin type (axis 2). The third axis also separated leaf width, the fourth leaf length and width, and the fifth leaf apex shape, CVA was also used to explore the genetic contribution of three parent T. speciosissima cultivars to hybrid populations. Hybrids with ‘Sunflare’, ‘Sunburst’ or ‘Wirrimbirra White’ as one parent were very dispersed indicating the range of inheritance of the observed phenotypic characters, leading to the possibility of selecting individuals with the required degree of character inheritance. It was demonstrated that the Telopea speciosissima type, which forms the basis of the waratah cut flower industry, may be improved by hybridising with other Telopea species. The application of the results to the development of waratah breeding programs is discussed. 相似文献
16.
Margarita Mauro-Herrera Alan W. Meerow Lalith Perera Joanne Russell Raymond J. Schnell 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(2):203-217
A prior analysis of eight coconut cultivars with 15 microsatellite (SSR) markers drew unexpected relationships between two
of the out-crossing tall cultivars evaluated: ‘Atlantic Tall’ and ‘Panama Tall’. We further investigated the relationships
between these eight cultivars by increasing the number of individuals studied (particularly for ‘Atlantic Tall’ and ‘Panama
Tall’), by including 28 more molecular markers, and by adding two other cultivars to our analysis. Our results show that five
to ten coconut individuals do not represent a dependable sample to withdraw conclusions regarding cultivar/variety relationships,
particularly when studying out-crossing genotypes. As suggested in the prior study, a high level of hybridization was observed
between the ‘Atlantic Tall’ and ‘Panama Tall’ cultivars. However, at this time we were able to identify distinct groups for
each one of these two cultivars. The two clustering methods used (Neighbor Joining, NJ and Unweighted Pair Group Method with
Arithmetic mean, UPGMA) produced dendrograms that resolved contrasting cultivar relationships, especially for the ‘Atlantic
Tall’ and ‘Panama Tall’ cultivars. We discuss the implications of our results in regard to current scenarios of coconut domestication
and future considerations when assessing genetic relationships among different varieties. 相似文献
17.
Keizo Yonemori Chitose Honsho Akira Kitajima Malli Aradhya Edgardo Giordani Elvio Bellini Dan E. Parfitt 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(1):81-89
Sixty one persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) selections, including 17 Italian, 11 Spanish, 13 Japanese, six Korean, five Chinese, one Israeli, and eight of unknown
origin, were evaluated for genetic differences by AFLP analysis. Relationships among cultivars were evaluated by UPGMA clustering,
Neighbor Joining, and MultiDimensional Scaling. While similarities among groups were generally less than 0.60, both UPGMA
and Neighbor Joining separated European and Asian cultivars. Spanish and Italian cultivars were not separated by any of the
analyses, suggesting that they share a common gene pool, while Japanese, Chinese and Korean cultivars formed distinct clusters.
Diversity within groups was greater than diversity between groups. Most cultivars were quite polymorphic (only 0.60–0.80 similarity
between cultivars). In addition, the presence of several Japanese cultivars in the European group and a group of European
cultivars nested between Chinese and Korean groups suggest that similar, but different progenitors were used in the development
of the present European cultivars. ‘Kaki Tipo’ selections from different sources were clearly different by AFLP analysis,
indicating that they are separate cultivars. 相似文献
18.
Asako Kobayashi Kaworu Ebana Shuichi Fukuoka Tsukasa Nagamine 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(3):499-506
Landraces of rice (Oryza sativa L.) are valuable sources of genetic variation that have been lost in advanced cultivars. Seeds of a rice landrace stored
for almost 100 years were found on Sado Island in Niigata prefecture, Japan. This report aims to present basic data on the
genetic variation of this landrace, which was known as ‘Echizen’. Five samples of ‘Echizen’, consisting of two old samples,
one sample maintained on farm, and two lines regenerated from old seeds were compared with other advanced cultivars and landraces
using 19 microsatellite markers. Among the five samples of Echizen, the two stored samples showed greater diversity than the
other samples. Cluster analysis based on the UPGMA method also showed that old Echizen was a diverse landrace that could cover
the genetic diversity of most Japanese rice cultivars. 相似文献
19.
Cengiz Toker 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):7-12
Two distinct chickpeas of the domestic chickpea, C. arietinum L., exist and are referred to as ‘desi’ or microsperma and ‘kabuli’ or macrosperma. Cicer reticulatum Ladiz. is considered to be the wild progenitor of the domestic chickpea. However, the morphological variation in 18 original
accessions of C. reticulatum is narrower than those of the domestic chickpeas. The aim of the study is to increase the variability in C. reticulatum. In M2 generation, a mutant with white flower color was isolated despite of the fact that the parent has the pink flower. Although
seed coat color of the parent was dark brown, the mutant was cream like ‘kabuli’ chickpea. It is commonly accepted that the
large seeded domestic ‘kabuli’ chickpeas originated from the small seeded ‘desi’ chickpeas, but the induced mutants (white
flower and cream seed coat color) of C. reticulatum may suggest an additional path for the evolution of ‘kabuli’ chickpea. ‘Kabuli’ chickpeas could have originated from spontaneous
mutants of C. reticulatum. In M3 generation, multipinnate leaf, erect growth habit, green seed and double-podded chickpeas were isolated. Among these progenies,
morphologic variability increased and approached domesticated chickpea. Based on historical records and the induced mutants
obtained from this study, the domestic ‘kabuli’ chickpea could have directly emerged from C. reticulatum in ancient Eastern Turkey. 相似文献
20.
Silvana Creste Augusto Tulmann Neto Roland Vencovsky Sebastião de Oliveira Silva Antonio Figueira 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2004,51(7):723-733
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide. Production is based mainly on triploid cultivars, and most genetic improvement programs aim to generate tetraploid hybrids obtained from the crossing of established triploid cultivars with a diploid parent genotype, improved or wild, exhibiting the trait of interest, normally resistance to biotic factors. Microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic variability and relationships between 58 Musa genotypes, including 49 diploids and nine triploid cultivars maintained at the Musa germplasm collection of the Brazilian dessert banana breeding program. Thirty-three primer pairs developed for banana were tested, and nine amplified reproducible and discrete fragments, producing a total of 115 alleles. The average number of alleles amplified per primer was 12.8, ranging from 10 to 15. The diploid genotypes presented the largest genetic variability, demonstrated by the large number of alleles detected, and the low similarity between the clones. The phenetic analysis clustered the triploid cultivars in a separated group, with the exception of the Nanica and Gros Michel cultivars, which showed high similarity with the diploid cultivar Mambee Thu. It was not possible to separate the wild diploid genotypes from the cultivated ones, indicating a common origin of these genotypes. A high proportion of duplicated alleles and/or loci was observed for diploid and triploid genotypes. The information gathered about the similarity between diploid and triploid accessions will help to define potential crosses to maximize the recovery of the typical fruit qualities required in Brazil (AAB, Pome and Silk dessert banana). 相似文献