红壤性水稻土晶态氧化铁及其起源

红壤性水稻土晶态氧化铁主要为针铁矿，并伴随少量的赤铁矿。红壤性水稻土中针铁矿的铝同晶替代量明显氏于其母土（红壤），而针铁矿的晶胞参数ｂ和ｃ则是红壤性水稻土高于其母土，红壤性水稻土中赤铁矿的铝同晶替代量和晶胞参数ａ则与其母土相似，据此认为红壤性水稻土中赤铁矿来源于母土，而针铁矿部分来源于母土，部分是由原有的赤铁矿和针铁矿的还原产物重新结晶形成的，随着水稻土的发育，赤铁矿逐渐下降，最后消失，针铁矿则相     

有机种植方式下红壤性水稻土腐殖质与酶活性的变化规律

为了建立和完善有机种植方式下红壤性水稻土的固碳理论体系,对水稻分蘖期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期和完熟期5个生育阶段的红壤性水稻土腐殖质各组分碳含量及土壤酶活性等指标的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明,与常规种植水稻方式相比,有机种植水稻有利于土壤腐殖质的更新和积累;有机种植方式下水稻各生长时期的胡敏酸(HA)、富里酸(FA)、PQ值(HA/FA)、脲酶(URE)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和蔗糖酶(SUC)活性均高于常规种植方式,分别高出10.96%、7.48%、3.72%、20.16%、7.08%和15.36%,且土壤酶活指标与土壤腐殖质含量表现出一致的变化规律。     

红壤性水稻土早、晚稻吸锰规律的研究

以湖南农业大学1982年布置的长期定位实验为依托,研究了红壤性水稻土早、晚稻吸锰规律.结果表明,在水稻生育期间,早稻与晚稻的吸锰规律明显不同.早稻在分蘖期-孕穗期和齐穗期-成熟出现2个吸锰高峰,其吸锰量分别占其吸锰总量的30.9%和54.1%,而移栽前-分蘖和孕穗-齐穗2个时期的吸锰量很低,仅占吸锰总量的1.8%和13.2%.晚稻生育期间仅出现一个吸锰高峰,包括分蘖-孕穗和孕穗-齐穗2个生育期,其吸锰量占吸锰总量的71.0%,而移栽前-分蘖和齐穗-成熟2个时期的吸锰量仅分别占吸锰总量分别为6.4%和22.7%.不同地下水位.有机肥施用水平和稻作制对水稻的吸锰量影响不明显.     

红壤稻田养地体系的研究Ⅰ．有机、无机肥结合对红壤稻田生产效率的影响及其养地效果

多点定位田间试验表明．在福建中低产红壤稻田中混合施用有机和无机肥料，可使水稻生产效率在短期内得到稳定增长（３０％－９２％）．经统计分析比较，水稻生产效率与有机无机总养分（或总氮）投入量呈极显著相关；有机无机肥结合的优点主要表现在土壤生产力的稳定积累和元素生产效率的提高．参试的４大有机给源配合半量化肥的作用近于等效，但在试验期限内（１－３ａ），稻谷产量无额外的互作效应，而绿肥鲜体在增产养地配合效应上具有明显的优势．     

水稻生育期间红壤性水稻土有效锰含量动态变化研究

以湖南农业大学1982年设置的长期定位试验为研究对象,研究了水稻生育期间红壤性水稻土有效锰含量的动态变化.结果表明:水稻生育期间,土壤交换性锰和易还原态锰含量在不断地发生变化.早稻生育期间,插秧前土壤交换性锰含量最高,随着水稻生育进展,含量逐渐下降;而土壤易还原态锰含量插秧前最低,随着水稻生育进展,含量逐渐升高.晚稻生育期间,从插秧前到孕穗期.交换性锰含量逐渐升高.到孕穗期达到最高.之后到黄熟期,交换性锰含量又逐渐降低;而易还原态锰含量则从插秧前到孕穗期逐渐降低,到孕穗期达到最低值,之后,又升高.不同稻作制对土壤交换性锰和易还原态锰含量的影响差异最大,稻一稻一冬泡处理土壤交换性锰和易还原态锰含量明显高于稻-稻-冬绿和稻-稻-冬油两种水旱轮作处理.     

不同稻作制对红壤性水稻土铜的化学行为的影响

以湘中地区的耕型第四纪红土壤进行不同稻作制度长期定位试验,研究旱改水及不同稻作制对土壤铜的化学行为及有效性的影响。结果表明,红壤旱地改水田１０年后,土壤对铜的吸附能力显著增强,土壤有效铜含量也明显提高。三种稻作制比较,稻稻冬泡土壤对铜的吸附能力和土壤有效铜含量明显高于稻稻冬绿和稻稻冬油土壤。供试土壤铜主要以有机态铜,无定形铁态铜,晶形铁态铜和残留态铜四种形态存在。     

耕型红壤和红壤性水稻土铜的化学行为及施铜效应研究

应用选择溶解性的化学提取和幼苗试验等方法,研究了湖南省几种耕型红壤及其发育而成的水稻土铜的化学形态及其与土壤有效铜的关系,以及红壤旱地改水田后施铜对水稻吸铜和幼苗生长的影响．结果表明,供试土壤中的铜主要以有机态（１５．２％ ）、无定形铁态（１１．７％ ）、晶形铁态（１７．２％ ）和残留态（５６．０％ ）４ 种形态存在,其中红壤性水稻土有机态铜（１８．７％ ）和无定形铁态铜（１４．６％ ）明显高于耕型红壤（分别为８．０％ 和５．８％ ）,而晶形铁态铜和残留态铜含量则是后者高于前者．红壤性水稻土有效铜含量显著高于耕型红壤．幼苗试验结果表明,耕型砂岩红壤施铜能明显促进水稻幼苗对铜的吸收,最佳施铜量为 ５～１０ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 土．     

Effects of Long-Term Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Field A Case Study on Red Soil

Soil organic carbon （SOC） is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization （CK）, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only （NPK）, green manure （Astragalus sinicus L.） in early rice only （OM1）, high rate of green manure in early rice only （OM2）, combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice （OM3）, combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OM4）, combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter （OMS）. Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 （33.9 t ha^-1） and OM4 （31.8 t ha^-1）, but no difference between NPK fertilization （27 t ha^-1） and nonfertilization （28.1 t ha^-1）. There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments （0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr^-1） than in chemical fertilizer （0.216 g kg^-1 yr^-1） and no fertilizer （0.127 g kg^-1 yr^-1）.     

Effects of Long-Term Organic Amendments on Soil Organic Carbon in a Paddy Field: A Case Study on Red Soil

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the main carbon reservoirs in the terrestrial ecosystem. It is important to study SOC dynamics and effects of organic carbon amendments in paddy fields because of their vest expansion in south China. A study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between the SOC content and organic carbon input under various organic amendments at a long-term fertilization experiment that was established on a red soil under a double rice cropping system in 1981. The treatments included non-fertilization (CK), nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilization in early rice only (NPK), green manure (Astragalus sinicus L.) in early rice only (OM1), high rate of green manure in early rice only (OM2), combined green manure in early rice and farmyard manure in late rice (OM3), combined green manure in early rice, farmyard manure in late rice and rice straw mulching in winter (OM4), combined green manure in early rice and rice straw mulching in winter (OM5). Our data showed that the SOC content was the highest under OM3 and OM4, followed by OM1, OM2 and OM5, then NPK fertilization, and the lowest under non-fertilization. However, our analyses in SOC stock indicated a significant difference between OM3 (33.9 t ha-1) and OM4 (31.8 t ha-1), but no difference between NPK fertilization (27 t ha-1) and nonfertilization (28.1 t ha-1). There was a significant linear increase in SOC over time for all treatments, and the slop of linear equation was greater in organic manure treatments (0.276-0.344 g kg-1 yr-1) than in chemical fertilizer (0.216 g kg-1 yr-1) and no fertilizer (0.127 g kg-1 yr-1).     

红壤性水稻土稀土组分与土壤特性物质的关系

测定了具有代表性的 3种水育型 4种母质发育的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的稀土体系 [稀土元素总丰度 (∑ REE)、轻稀土丰度 (∑ LREE)、重稀土丰度 (∑HREE) ]、土壤颗粒组成、有机质体系、铁氧化物体系主要组分和土壤 p H值 ,并分析了 REE体系与这些土壤特性物质的相关性 .结果表明 :(1 )土壤 ∑REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤砂粒含量呈显著负相关 ,与粘粒含量呈显著正相关 ;∑LREE对 ∑REE消长变异的影响大于∑ HREE.(2 )土壤∑ REE和 ∑LREE均与土壤腐殖质及富里酸含量呈显著正相关 ,与胡敏酸含量相关性不显著 .(3 )土壤∑ REE与土壤全铁 (Fet)呈极显著正相关 ,∑REE及 ∑LREE均与晶质铁 (Fec)相关性强 .(4 )土壤酸度对∑ REE、∑ LREE、∑ HREE的影响不显著     

不同母质类型水稻土上莲藕施肥效应研究

[目的]为莲藕科学施肥技术提供依据。[方法]采用微区试验研究了施用氮磷钾配比肥料及有机肥对潮土性水稻土和黄棕壤性水稻土上莲藕生长和产量的影响。[结果]不同母质类型的水稻土上,莲藕的长势长相和总产量相差不大,但潮土性水稻土上莲藕施K肥产量效果优于黄棕壤性水稻土,施P肥产量效果明显差于黄棕壤性水稻土,施有机肥和N肥的产量效果基本一致。2种类型水稻土上莲藕产量与不同阶段立叶总面积均呈显著正相关。潮土性水稻土上莲藕N、P和K的净吸收量之比平均为1∶0.25∶2.71,黄棕壤性水稻土上平均为1∶0.36∶5.43,说明莲藕对K素的需求明显高于N素。[结论]2种土壤比较而言,潮土性水稻土上莲藕的N素利用率较高,K素利用率较低,P素利用率相差不大。