甲低大鼠垂体前叶内IFN-γ样免疫反应阳性物质的表达

应用免疫组织化学(SP)法结合H2O2-DAB黄色呈色法进行显色。IFN-γ样免疫反应阳性物质位于细胞的胞浆内,其阳性细胞只分布于垂体前叶,而后叶和中间部未见免疫反应阳性物质;对照组均未发现免疫反应阳性细胞。甲状腺素低下可以诱导大鼠垂体前叶内IFN-γ样免疫阳性物质的表达,提示甲状腺素低下会影响垂体前叶的内分泌功能。     

Human papovavirus (JC): induction of brain tumors in hamsters

Eighty-three percent of hamsters inoculated at birth with JC virus, a human papovavirus isolated from brain tissue of a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, developed malignant gliomas within 6 months. Three brain tumors have been serially transplanted as subcutaneous tumors. JC virus was isolated from five of seven tumors tested. Cells from four tumors were cultivated in vitro. These cells contained an intranuclear antigen with the characteristics of a T antigen, and this antigen was antigenically related to SV40 T antigen. Although virus was not recovered from extracts of serially cultured tumor cells, JC virus was rescued when one tumor cell line was fused with permissive cells.     

白消安处理消融猪内源精原干细胞的效果及外源精原干细胞移植

目的 研究猪睾丸组织注射白消安消融猪内源精原干细胞(Spermatogonial stem cell,SSC)的效果,以及猪SSC同种异体移植后对内源性SSC消融受体生殖能力恢复的影响。方法 采用3 mg/kg剂量的白消安对9头6周龄大白公猪进行睾丸注射,另外3头注射2 mL 二甲基亚砜作为对照。3周后,对试验组公猪以相同剂量进行第2次睾丸注射。第2次注射3周后,采集试验组和对照组公猪睾丸进行相关检测,评估内源性SSC消融情况。第2次白消安注射1个月后,以两步酶消化法处理5~7日龄大白仔猪睾丸分离得到睾丸单细胞悬液,并用明胶差速贴壁法进行纯化,纯化后以免疫荧光和流式细胞术分析SSC的纯度。异体移植SSC 4个月后,用微卫星标记检测受体公猪精液以及睾丸组织中供体来源SSC的存在。结果 以3 mg/kg剂量的白消安处理大白公猪2次后,睾丸组织苏木精−伊红染色以及免疫组织化学染色结果显示,试验组睾丸曲细精管中各级生精细胞消融但其支持细胞结构完好,可以支持外源性SSC的定植及发育。免疫荧光以及流式细胞术结果表明,分离得到的睾丸单细胞悬液经纯化后UCHL-1阳性细胞占比由差速贴壁前的16.3%提高到了50.8%。苏木精−伊红染色以及免疫组织化学染色结果显示,猪SSC移植4个月后,移植组睾丸组织生精细胞恢复,在受体睾丸曲细精管基底膜上可检测到UCHL-1阳性SSC。受体睾丸组织的微卫星标记分析显示了供体SSC的存在,表明移植进入受体睾丸中的供体SSC可以在受体睾丸中定植存活超过4个月;精液微卫星标记未检测到供体来源的精子。结论 以3 mg/kg剂量的白消安注射公猪睾丸能有效消融内源性SSC,可以用来制备SSC移植的受体猪。两步酶消化及明胶差速贴壁法可成功分离纯化猪SSC。猪SSC经同种异体移植后可以在受体睾丸中定植存活超过4个月。     

Tumors induced in primates by chicken sarcoma virus

A suspension of a variant of Rous sarcoma was injected into four adult and eight newborn rhesus monkeys. Seven newborns developed tumors, three of which were diagnosed as fibrosarcomas, in 2 to 6 weeks; none of the adults have tumors after 11 weeks. Virus was demonstrated in two of the tumors by injecting a tumor-suspension preparation into the chick wing-web where tumors subsequently appeared. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that sarcomas have developed in primates after a virus has been injected.     

Experimental evidence in support of the dormant tumor cell

When rats were injected intraportally with as few as 50 Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells aarcoma cells and then examined 5 months later for hepatic tumor growth, none was evident. If, however, 3 months after injection the rats were subjected to repeated laparotomy and liver examination at 7-day intervals, 100 percent had a tumor within a few weeks.     

齐氏田中鳑鲏的早期发育研究

通过对齐氏田中鳑鲏(Tanakia chii)人工授精和培育(22℃恒温环境)阶段早期发育的观察,描述了其仔稚鱼发育形态特征。初孵仔鱼卵黄囊饱满,呈淡黄色,表皮布满微突;3日龄仔鱼卵黄囊两侧向上突起,尾部鳍褶延展变大;6日龄仔鱼眼囊发育;8日龄仔鱼眼囊有黑色素,晶状体形成;11日龄仔鱼口形成,脑开始发育,体上有黑色素出现;15日龄仔鱼鳃沟和肛门形成,背鳍和臀鳍的鳍基出现,尾鳍下叶鳍条形成;21日龄仔鱼头与躯干分界明显,鳔分化为前鳔和后鳔,背部和臀部鳍条数目分别为8和10枚,身体黑色素连接成条带状,虽然残存有卵黄囊,但已经开口并摄食。31-36日龄仔鱼胸鳍呈膜状鳍褶,腹鳍出现鳍条,尾鳍呈深叉形。61-66日龄稚鱼,鳞片出现,体中线后半部具一条黑色素带,稚鱼出现集群游动现象。仔鱼体长的生长呈阶段性:1-26日龄仔鱼生长较为平缓;26-81日龄生长较快。综合21日龄仔鱼卵黄囊残留很少并开口摄食的特征,我们推测在孵化后21日为自然条件下齐氏田中鳑鲏的出蚌时间。同时,仔鱼的感觉、摄食、呼吸和游泳器官在早期阶段快速发育。这些器官在仔鱼的早期快速发育,使出蚌后的仔鱼在最短的时间内获得与早期生存相关的各种能力,提高了出蚌后仔鱼的生存能力。     

福建省由稚虫养得的春蜓新属新种描述,附对近缘种的讨论(春蜓科,钩尾春蜓亚科)

本文建立东方春蜒属 Orientogomphus Chao 新属,以具突东方春蜒 O.armatus Chao et Xu,sp.nov.新种作为属模式种,对该种稚虫作了描述,并将春蜒科中长期以来分类位置有争议的三个种Onychogomphus circularis Selys(1894)〔=Heterogomphus naninus Foerster(1905),新异名〕,Onychogomphus earnshawi Fraser(1924)和 Onychogomphus aemulus Lieftinck(1937)移入本属。     

Rapid viral induction of plasmacytomas in pristane-primed BALB-c mice

Strain BALB/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 milliliter of pristane, and 39 to 56 days later they were infected with Abelson murine leukemia virus, which is a lymphosarcomagenic variant of Moloney virus. Fifty-eight percent of the mice developed lymphosarcoma, and 28 percent developed immunoglobulin-producing plasmacytomas within 20 to 93 days (77 to 149 days after the pristane injection). Two of 57 control mice developed plasmacytomas at days 138 and 166 after a single injection of pristane; no plasmacytomas were found in mice treated with virus alone.     

Induced expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the rat intermediate pituitary lobe

Synthesis and release of pro-opiomelanocortin-derived peptides are under differential regulation in the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary. Glucocorticoids inhibit synthesis of pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides in the anterior lobe but not in the intermediate lobe. These two lobes are also characterized by differences in neural innervation and blood flow, both of which may represent routes of access for regulatory factors (the intermediate lobe is avascular). Immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor, which can be demonstrated in many tissues, is absent from the intermediate lobe. Immunocytochemistry was used to demonstrate the presence of immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor in the intermediate lobe after pituitary stalk transection, neurointermediate lobe grafts to kidney capsule, or monolayer culture of neurointermediate pituitary cells. This appearance of the glucocorticoid receptor is presumably a consequence of removal of intermediate pituitary cells from neural influences that may be responsible for inhibiting their expression under normal conditions in vivo.     

4种茶叶水提物对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的作用

采用小鼠体内试验和体外试验,利用Marc–145细胞体外培养系统,通过观察细胞病变来评价茶叶水提物对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)繁殖的抑制作用。改变加入茶叶水提取物的方式(茶叶水提物先与病毒感作后接种细胞、茶叶水提物与已感染病毒的细胞作用2种方式),初步探讨茶叶水提物对PRRSV的抑制与杀灭作用。体内试验是采用小鼠尾静脉注射的方法,将茶叶水提物注射到小鼠体内,测定小鼠血清对PRRSV的作用。结果表明,茶叶水提物对PRRSV具有杀灭与抑制作用,碧螺春茶(不发酵)、生普洱茶(不发酵)、铁观音茶(半发酵)、熟普洱茶(后发酵)的水提物对PRRSV的最小抑制质量浓度分别为31.3、31.3、31.3、125μg/mL,最小杀灭质量浓度分别为7.8、7.8、15.6、125μg/mL。不发酵型茶叶水提物比发酵型茶叶水提物对PRRSV的杀灭与抑制作用明显,小鼠尾静脉注射茶叶水提物后能正常生长,注射1 h内小鼠血清对PRRSV具有一定的杀灭作用。     

Primary rat embryo cells transformed by one or two oncogenes show different metastatic potentials

Second-passage rat embryo cells were transfected with a neomycin resistance gene and the activated form of the c-Ha-ras I gene, or with these two genes plus the adenovirus type 2 E1a gene. Foci of morphologically transformed cells were observed in both cases; however, the frequency of transformation was at least ten times higher with two oncogenes than with the ras gene alone. All the transformed cell lines gave rise to rapidly growing tumors when injected subcutaneously into nude mice. All but one of the cell lines transformed by the ras oncogene alone formed metastatic nodules in the lungs of animals that had been injected subcutaneously with transformed cells. When transformed cells were injected intravenously, all the ras single-gene transformants gave rise to many metastatic lung nodules. In contrast, cell lines transformed with ras and E1a did not generate metastases after subcutaneous injection and gave rise to very few metastatic lung nodules after intravenous injection. These data demonstrate that a fully malignant cell with metastatic potential, as measured in an immunodeficient animal, can be obtained from early passage embryo cells by the transfection of the ras oncogene alone.     

Microinjection of mouse eggs

A technique has been developed for injecting known amounts of liquids into fertilized one-celled mouse eggs by use of a calibrated ocular micrometer superimposed on the terminal regions of the injection pipette. From 128 pronuclear eggs, each injected with 180 or 770 cubic microns of bovine gamma globulin at a concentration of 25 milligrams per milliliter in citrate-Locke's solution and then transferred to the oviducts of pregnant foster mothers, 18 living fetuses developed; from 74 eggs, each injected with 2730 cubic microns, 5 fetuses survived. The living fetuses that developed from the injected eggs were smaller than normal in 6 of 23 surviving experimental fetuses as contrasted to only 1 of 19 control fetuses.     

Liposomal blockade of the reticuloendothelial system: improved tumor imaging with small unilamellar vesicles

The reticuloendothelial system of mice bearing EMT6 tumors was effectively blocked by intravenous injections of small unilamellar vesicles that incorporated a 6-aminomannose derivative of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer. Neutral liposomes loaded with indium-111-nitrilotriacetic acid were then injected. Fifty percent more radioactivity was deposited in tumors of the animals with blocked reticuloendothelial systems than in controls. Twenty-four hours after the injection of radioactive vesicles, well-defined tumor images were observed in whole-body gamma camera scintigraphs. Biodistribution studies showed that tumors from animals with blocked reticuloendothelial systems had more than twice the radioactivity per gram than any other tissue analyzed.     

Introduction of human DNA into mouse eggs by injection of dissected chromosome fragments

A procedure has been developed for introducing exogenous DNA into mouse eggs by injection of chromosome fragments. Chromosome fragments were dissected from human metaphase spreads and microinjected into the pronuclei of fertilized mouse eggs. Many of the injected eggs subsequently exhibited normal pre- and postimplantation development. Embryos obtained from eggs injected with centromeric fragments retained human centromeric DNA as demonstrated by in situ hybridization analysis. From eggs injected with noncentromeric fragments, a mouse was obtained whose tail tissue exhibited the presence of human DNA. This procedure should facilitate incorporation of very large (more than 10 megabases) DNA fragments into cells and embryos without the need for cloned sequences.     

乌鳢嗅觉器官发育的组织学研究

采用组织学方法对乌鳢仔鱼(全长14～31mm)和咸鱼(全长370mm)嗅觉器官的发育进行了研究。结果表明：乌鳢嗅觉器官由头部左右两侧的嗅囊构成,每个嗅囊有前后2个鼻孔。随其发育,仔鱼前鼻孔隆起于外表面。发育为管状延伸物而与外界相通。嗅板在嗅囊内发育时不形成中心脊,其排列方式为纵向平行的D型。从仔鱼发育至咸鱼,乌鳢嗅觉上皮的厚度变化较小,而初级嗅板的数量和隆起高度显著增大。嗅觉上皮主要由感受细胞、支持细胞、纤毛细胞和基细胞组成。     

似锥低颈吸虫和宫川棘口吸虫体被超微结构研究（复殖目：棘口科）

应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对棘口科（Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｓｔｏｍａｔｉｄａｅ）的似锥低颈吸虫（Ｈｙｐｏｄｅｒａｅｕｔｎｃｏｎｏｉｄｅｕｍ）和宫川棘口吸虫（Ｅｃｈｉｎｏｓｔｏｍａｍｉｙａｇａｗｅｉ）的成虫体被超微结构进行了研究．前者头领呈半圆形，头棘埋于体被皱襞中，依稀可见。体棘自头领分布至腹吸盘处，棘呈鳞片状，瓦片状重叠排列。后者头领发达，头棘３７枝清晰可见。体棘自头领后分布至虫体后１／３处，前１／３部体棘分布最密，腹吸盘后逐渐分布稀疏，棘呈扁长形和鳞片状。似锥低颈吸虫皮层明显厚于宫川棘口吸虫。两虫皮层含杆状和圆形分泌小体，但似锥低颈吸虫皮层中部还有较多的线粒体。     

Transmissible Agent Associated with 26 Types of Experimental Mouse Neoplasms

A transmissible agent or factor has been found to be associated with all transplanted and spontaneous experimental tumors examined. This observation was made possible by utilization of a biochemical response of normal animals when inoculated with plasma or organ extracts from tumor-bearing hosts. This transmissible enzymic "lesion" is expressed by a five- to tenfold increase in the plasma lactic dehydrogenase activity of the injected normal test animals. The factor is heat labile, passes through bacteria-retaining filters, but is nondialyzable. It is partially sedimented by centrifugation at 100,000g for 1 hour.     

腮腺基底细胞腺瘤的MRI诊断价值

目的探讨腮腺基底细胞腺瘤临床及MRI特征．方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的14例腮腺基底细胞腺瘤患者临床及MRI资料．结果14例病灶均为单发,腮腺浅叶12例,深叶1例,伸向浅叶生长,同时跨浅叶及深叶1例;肿瘤呈圆形,直径〈3cm,信号欠均匀;肿瘤发生囊变8例,7例可见包膜;伴有同侧颈部淋巴结肿大5例;所有肿瘤实性成分显著强化．结论腮腺基底细胞腺瘤具有中老年女性好发,体积小,囊变多见,实性部分明显强化的特征,可帮助术前做出定性诊断．     

鲤（Cyprinus carpio）氨基酸吸收部位的研究

摄食后5小时将试验鲤急性宰杀,分别收集前肠、中肠、后肠内含物,测定鲤消化道不同部位对饲烊氨基酸的消化吸收率。结果表明,鲤对饲料氨基酸的吸收主要在前肠及中肠,后肠对饲烊氨基酸几乎没有吸收。后肠切取法收集粪便测定蛋白质、氨基酸消化率是可行的,后肠切取法收集粪便所测氨基酸真消化率较以吸管从水中中取刚排泄的粪便所测值低5.16%。     

白背飞虱海藻糖合成酶基因调控几丁质合成的功能

【背景】 海藻糖合成酶（trehalose-6-phosphate synthase,TPS）在海藻糖合成中起着重要作用,其能够介导海藻糖代谢调控几丁质合成及昆虫发育。【目的】 本研究通过抑制白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera）TPS的表达,检测RNAi沉默SfTPS效果,观察白背飞虱蜕皮状况,测定几丁质含量及几丁质合成酶（chitin synthase,CHS）基因的定量表达,探究SfTPS在白背飞虱几丁质合成中的潜在调控作用。【方法】 利用注射法RNAi技术,以实验室饲养多年的白背飞虱种群为试验材料,体外合成两个SfTPS（SfTPS1和SfTPS2）与GFP的双链RNA（dsRNA）后,分别注射到白背飞虱体内抑制TPS。首先,在dsRNA注射后48 h采用Trizol法提取白背飞虱的总RNA,反转录并合成第一链DNA后,采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术检测TPS表达沉默情况,以确定RNAi的效果;其次,测定dsRNA注射后48 h和72 h白背飞虱整体几丁质含量并对翅发育畸形虫体进行拍照;最后,采用qRT-PCR技术检测白背飞虱SfCHS在mRNA水平上的相对表达量变化,分析SfTPS1和SfTPS2在几丁质合成调控中的作用。【结果】 与注射dsGFP相比较,dsSfTPS1和dsSfTPS2的RNA注射后,能够促进SfCHS表达量上升,几丁质含量增加,白背飞虱成虫翅出现畸形。qRT-PCR结果显示,单个SfTPS dsRNA注射后本基因的表达能够被极显著抑制,与注射dsGFP相比,不足对照组表达量的30%,且单个SfTPS的dsRNA注射后,另外一个SfTPS表达同样显著下降;dsSfTPS1和dsSfTPS2注射后,白背飞虱成虫翅均为长翅,出现一定比例的翅卷曲等畸形情况,其后48 h和72 h产生一定的死亡率;几丁质含量检测发现,SfTPS1和SfTPS2的dsRNA注射后72 h,几丁质含量显著上升。与注射dsGFP对照组相比较,SfCHS1与SfCHS1a表达量在dsSfTPS1注射后72 h极显著上升,在dsSfTPS2注射后48 h和72 h时极显著上升,且dsSfTPS1和dsSfTPS2注射后SfCHS1b的表达极显著增加。【结论】 SfTPS能够通过调控白背飞虱几丁质合成酶基因的表达来控制几丁质的合成,研究结果有助于评价SfTPS在白背飞虱等昆虫中的调控作用并作为潜在控害靶标,为进一步开展和筛选有效的海藻糖合成酶抑制剂控制白背飞虱等害虫提供理论依据。