微小牛蜱一个抗菌多肽编码基因的克隆和表达

为了进行抗蜱及蜱传病疫苗的研究,本研究根据微小牛蜱巴西株报道的一种抗菌多肽核苷酸序列设计引物,从微小牛蜱中国安徽株克隆到该抗菌多肽基因,全长383bp,编码110个氨基酸残基,该蛋白预测的分子量为12.2ku,等电点为4.87.经同源性比较,该微小牛蜱巴西株抗菌多肽基因有100%的相同性.经RT-PCR分析表明,该基因在微小牛蜱卵、幼蜱、半饱血雌蜱、饱血雌蜱和雄蜱这几个阶段均有表达.将该基因亚克隆到pET-28a( )表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,可成功表达.重组融合蛋白大小为15ku左右,与预期大小一致.初步体外抗菌试验表明,重组蛋白具有一定的抗菌活性.Western-blot显示,兔抗微小牛蜱唾液抗体能够识别重组表达蛋白.     

微小牛蜱Bm86基因的克隆及真核表达载体的构建

为了克隆微小牛蜱Bm86基因及构建该基因的表达载体，以微小牛蜱饥饿幼蜱的破解物提取的总RNA为模板，参照已发表的微小牛蜱Bm86基因的核苷酸序列，设计了1对引物，采用RT—PCR技术获得微小牛蜱Bm86基因；将Bm86基因克隆入载体，并进行序列分析，结果证明，克隆的Bm86基因序列与GenBank上登录的Bm86基因序列的同源性达97．4％，而且该序列包含完整的开放阅读框。将该基因克隆入真核表达载体pPIC9K，构建并获得了重组真核表达载体pPIC9K—Bm86。     

微小牛蜱唾液菌群的PCR-DGGE分析

为了解微小牛蜱唾液内的菌群结构信息,采用PCR-DGGE技术对微小牛蜱半饱血、饱血雌成虫唾液内菌群结构进行了分析和比较,结果表明:微小牛蜱半饱血、饱血雌成虫唾液内菌群结构有较大差异,饱血中细菌比半饱血多两种,分别为莫拉菌和不动杆菌;唾液内菌群与全蜱菌群差异极大。在检出的细菌中多数具有一定的致病性,故微小牛蜱叮咬可能会引起人或动物发生多种细菌性疾病。     

溴氰菊酯对微小牛蜱的敏感度和对雌蜱产卵的影响的研究

１９９１～１９９２年在福建省研究溴氰菊酯对微小牛蜱各变态期的敏感度和对饱血雌蜱产卵情况的影响。结果表明，幼蜱对溴氰菊酯最敏感，当施用浓度为５ｐｐｍ时，幼蜱平均死亡率为１００％；若蜱其次，死亡率２８．９％；未吸虫成蜱敏感度最低，死亡率仅１０％。据Ｘ２检验，微小牛蜱在不同变态期间对溴氰菊酯的敏感度差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。饱血雌蜱接触溴氰菊酯１０μｇ／虫后，其产卵前期比对照蜱延长６天，产卵期缩短６天，产卵量减少２１８８粒。     

微小牛蜱Bm91基因的原核表达

根据GenBank收录的微小牛蜱Bm91基因序列设计一对表达引物,以微小牛蜱幼蜱总RNA反转录合成的cDNA为模板,扩增获得了Bm91基因,其长度为1 908 bp,包含一个大小为1 833 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码611个氨基酸,该蛋白预期分子质量为83 ku。将Bm91基因片段亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a,构建重组原核表达载体pET-30a-Bm91,转化BL21宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,发现在0.8 mmol/LIPTG,诱导时间2 h,温度37℃条件下,目的重组蛋白表达量最大,约占蛋白总量的20%。SDS-PAGE检测表明,表达产物为分子质量为83 ku的融合蛋白,与预期大小一致;Western blot分析表明,表达产物能被兔抗微小牛蜱阳性血清所识别。     

微小牛蜱Bm86基因的真核表达

采用RT-PCR技术从微小牛蜱饥饿幼蜱破解物中扩增到Bm86基因，将其与巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPlC9K重组构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-Bm86，测序正确后将其用SacⅠ内切酶线性化后采用电穿孔法转化巴斯德毕赤酵母菌Gs115，经G418抗性筛选高拷贝重组菌株后用甲醇诱导表达，SDSPAGE和Western-blotting分析结果表明，诱导表达的培养上清液中表达出具有反应活性的68ku重组Bm86蛋白，目的蛋白约占培养上清液中蛋白总量的32％以上，诱导96h目的蛋白的表达量为0．36mg／mL。     

微小牛蜱4D8基因原核表达及免疫原性分析

按GenBank已知微小牛蜱的4D8基因核苷酸序列设计1对表达引物。提取微小牛蜱幼蜱总RNA,反转录合成双链cDNA,用设计的表达引物扩增出4D8基因,扩增得到的核苷酸长486 bp,编码161个氨基酸,该蛋白预计分子质量为18 ku。将该基因亚克隆到原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,构建重组原核表达载体pGEX4T-1-4D8,转化BL21宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,可成功表达。重组融合蛋白分子质量为45 ku左右,与预期大小一致。Western blot显示,兔抗微小牛蜱唾液腺、肠道和卵巢抗体能够识别重组表达蛋白。     

一株白僵菌的分离鉴定及其对微小牛蜱的致病力试验

为了得到用于防控微小牛蜱的高毒力菌株,本试验从野外微小牛蜱饱血雌蜱体表分离出一株白僵菌,通过形态学和分子生物学方法进行了鉴定,确认该分离株为球孢白僵菌.致病力研究表明,当孢子浓度达到108孢子/mL,该菌株对微小牛蜱饱血成蜱的致死率即可达到100%,为微小牛蜱的生物防控试剂的研究及应用奠定了基础.     

猪RPS3基因的克隆和表达分析

RPS3在体内具有多种功能,为了进一步揭示其结构与功能的关系,探索其编码区作为系统发育标记的可行性,本研究应用生物信息学、RT-PCR和3-′RACE方法首次克隆了猪RPS3基因（GenBank登录号：DQ660373）并进行了序列分析,同时利用半定量RT-PCR方法分析了RPS3基因的时空表达规律。序列分析表明RPS3开放读码框全长为732 bp,编码243个氨基酸残基的多肽链,含有核糖体蛋白S3标签,构建的系统发育树显示聚类结果与动物学上的分类一致。半定量RT-PCR分析表明RPS3在所检测的10种组织中均有较高水平的表达,心脏中的表达量最高,肺脏中的表达量最低,其它组织间差异不大;在仔猪中表达量高,随着日龄的增加表达量不断下降,在3月龄以后的猪中表达量趋于平稳。以上结果说明RPS3基因CDS适合构建种间的系统发育树,mRNA的表达水平与细胞的生长代谢速度有关。     

镰形扇头蜱、亚洲璃眼蜱和血红扇头蜱Aclin基因的克隆和序列分析

蜱,隶属节肢动物门蛛形纲蜱螨目,寄生于动物体表,以吸食动物血液为生。蜱广泛分布于世界各地,侵袭哺乳动物、爬行动物、鸟类,乃至两栖类等多种动物。蜱和其所携带的病原微生物,如螺旋体、巴贝西虫、贝纳柯克斯体等,对动物和人类的健康造成严重危害。     

Attitudes and practices of Queensland dairy farmers to the control of the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus

Objective To determine practices for the control of cattle ticks on dairy farms in Queensland, the attitudes of farmers to tick infestations and to identify opportunities for and barriers against the introduction of non-chemical methods of tick control.
Design A survey of 199 dairy farmers from tick-infested parts of Queensland was undertaken by 20 dairy advisers and stock inspectors from October 1996 to June 1997. The sample was a proportional, random selection of dairy farms from four regions. A personal interview was conducted with each farmer and answers to 134 questions were obtained.
Results and conclusions Most farmers were not concerned by cattle ticks on their own farms, although they believed that ticks are important to the dairy industry. They were most concerned about the development of chemical resistance by cattle ticks. Inadequate facilities and lack of motivation appeared to be the factors most limiting to improving the methods of control. Most farmers claimed to have only small numbers of ticks at worst. Although a control program recom mended by the Queensland Dairyfarmers' Organisation was well regarded by farmers, few had adopted it. Many farmers saw no need to implement a strategic control program.     

牛蜱龙岩分离株的分子鉴定

为了解福建省龙岩地区牛场体表蜱的种类,试验采集龙岩地区牛体表寄生蜱样本,基于蜱的核糖体rDNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)序列PCR扩增方法进行分子鉴定,获得ITS1和ITS2基因序列,进行blastn相似性搜索,应用MegAlign和MEGA 7.0软件完成同源性分析及种系发育分析。结果表明,该蜱ITS1序列与中国甘肃微小扇头蜱分离株同源性达99.32%(JQ737124.1、JQ737125.1),与中国湖南微小扇头蜱HAI2分离株同源性达99.16%(MK224531.1);ITS2序列与中国河南、南非豪登微小扇头蜱分离株同源性均为100%(KX450287.1、KY457506.1);种系发育分析结果显示,龙岩地区牛体表分离的牛蜱ITS基因序列与扇头蜱属ITS基因序列聚类,与革蜱属和璃眼蜱属处于两个不同的分支。说明福建龙岩牛蜱分离株为微小扇头蜱。     

Diagnosis of amitraz resistance in Boophilus microplus in New Caledonia with the modified Larval Packet Test

The tick Boophilus microplus represents a serious pathological constraint to livestock production in New Caledonia. Cattle ticks are controlled by chemical application of two acaricides that are currently used in New Caledonia; deltamethrin is used at 46% of the cattle production facilities and amitraz at the remaining 54% premises where resistance to deltamethrin has been identified. In 2003, a modified Larval Packet Test (LPT) was used to conduct a survey for amitraz resistance. Ticks were collected from 29 farms, including farms using deltamethrin (n = 8) or amitraz (n = 21). Of eighteen different tick populations, sixteen populations were defined susceptible to amitraz and two populations were considered amitraz-resistant. This is the first report of populations of B. microplus being resistant to amitraz, using the modified LPT in New Caledonia. A thorough survey of tick susceptibility to amitraz in cattle farms of the country should be conducted to assess the presence of amitraz-resistant populations. The emergence of amitraz resistance so soon after its introduction has some important implications for the strategy and organisation of tick control in New Caledonia, and this paper discusses some of the urgent actions that should be undertaken.     

Effect of breed of cattle on innate resistance to infection with Anaplasma marginale transmitted by Boophilus microplus

OBJECTIVE: To assess the innate resistance of and transmission in naive Bos taurus cross Bos indicus and purebred Bos indicus cattle when placed in a paddock with cattle infected with Anaplasma marginale and carrying Boophilus microplus ticks. DESIGN: A group of 49 purebred B indicus, and 48 B indicus cross B taurus (50%, F1 generation) 24-month-old steers were kept in the same paddock with cattle artificially infected with a virulent isolate of A marginale and Boophilus microplus. The cattle were seronegative for A marginale at the start of the trial but had previously been exposed to Babesia bovis and B bigemina. PROCEDURE: Cattle were inspected twice weekly for 118 days. Whole blood, blood smears and serum samples were collected from the cattle on day 37 after exposure and then at regular intervals to day 83 after exposure to measure packed-cell volumes, parasitaemias and antibody titres to A marginale. Any animals that met preset criteria were treated for anaplasmosis. On day 83 all cattle were treated with an acaricide and cattle infected with A marginale were removed from the rest of the group. RESULTS: A marginale was detected in blood smears from 14 crossbred and 9 B indicus steers between days 56 and 72 after exposure. Five and two of the infected crossbred and B indicus steers required treatment, respectively. One of the Bos indicus cattle died as a result of the A marginale infection despite treatment. Antibodies to A marginale were detected in the 23 infected cattle. The mean packed-cell volume depression was 40 and 37% in the affected crossbred and Bos indicus groups, respectively. There was no significant difference detected in susceptibility between these two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Innate resistance of purebred B indicus and crossbred cattle was not significantly different. The results confirm that purebred B indicus and crossbred cattle are sufficiently susceptible to warrant the use of vaccination against Anaplasma infections.     

鸡白细胞介素15基因的克隆及序列分析

根据GenBank中所收录的鸡白细胞介素15(ChIL 15)的cDNA序列设计特异性引物,以经ConA刺激3 h的科宝鸡脾脏淋巴细胞的总RNA 为模板,用RT PCR 方法克隆获得了ChIL 15的cDNA。ChIL 15的cD NA全长655 bp,其中第84 位~644 位是该基因的阅读框(ORF),共编码187 个氨基酸。将所克隆的序列与已报道序列相比较,二者核苷酸的同源性为100%(655/655),所编码蛋白质的氨基酸序列同源性也为100%。