新疆伊犁地区草地土壤容重空间格局分析

以新疆伊犁地区146个草地样地表层土壤容重调查测定数据为基础,结合遥感及气象数据,进行草地土壤容重与海拔、年均气温、年均降雨、≥10℃年积温、湿润度和NDVI间的相关及回归分析,构建土壤容重综合评价模型,借助ArcGIS平台加权叠加计算出伊犁地区草地土壤容重的空间分布格局。结果表明,伊犁地区草地土壤容重与海拔、年均气温、年均降雨、≥10℃年积温、湿润度和NDVI间显著相关(P<0.01);综合评价结果与实测值之间的复相关系数R²=0.6025,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.1479 g/cm³,总体偏差为14.39%,平均预测精度达85.61%。空间格局上,土壤容重在河谷地带较高,随着海拔递增呈现出逐渐减小的趋势;伊犁河谷两侧的温带荒漠类草地土壤容重最大,约为1.3340 g/cm³,南部天山北坡的高寒草甸类草地最小,约为0.7310 g/cm³。综合评价结果较好地反映了新疆伊犁地区的土壤容重空间分布情况,与土壤类型和草地类型的分布基本吻合,可以为草地退化安全评估提供参考。     

新疆伊犁地区草地土壤全碳含量空间格局分析

为了研究伊犁地区草地土壤碳库的空间分布规律,本研究基于146个草地样地的土壤全碳含量实测数据,结合遥感及气象数据,并利用地理学相关分析方法,构建土壤全碳含量空间化模型,分析了伊犁地区草地不同土壤深度全碳含量空间格局特征,并对影响土壤全碳含量分布的主要因素进行探讨。结果表明,1)伊犁地区草地不同土壤深度(0-10、10-20、20-30、30-40cm和4个土层均值)的全碳含量与海拔、年均气温、≥10℃年积温和8月份NDVI极显著相关(P0.01),与年均降水和湿润度显著相关(P0.05),以这6个生态要素建立土壤全碳含量空间化模型,反演得到空间分辨率1km的不同草地深度土壤全碳含量空间格局分布数据,检验结果表明空间化结果精度较高。2)伊犁地区草地0-40cm土层土壤全碳平均含量为4.251 9%,并随着土层深度的增加,草地土壤全碳含量呈下降趋势。3)伊犁地区空间化结果反映不同深度土壤全碳含量空间格局存在差异,土壤全碳含量最小值出现在伊犁河沿岸两侧及特克斯河与伊犁河交汇处人类活动密集的区域,最大值均出现在南、北天山两侧,并沿着伊犁河向两侧高海拔区域逐渐增加。4)伊犁地区草地不同深度土壤全碳含量空间分布规律与草地类型分布规律一致;人为活动干扰(过度放牧、盲目开垦)对草地土壤全碳含量影响较大。     

Frequency distribution of Echinococcus granulosus in dog populations in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Age-prevalence and age-intensity data of Echinococcus granulosus in dog populations were collected in four counties in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The frequency distribution of the parasite per dog was adequately described by the negative binomial model, with parameter k being 0.0571. The mathematical model of the life cycle of E. granulosus constructed by Roberts et al. (1986--Parasitology, Vol. 92, pages 621-641) was used to estimate the epidemiologic parameters of E. granulosus in Xinjiang. This model showed that the prevailing infection pressure on dogs was 0.4560 infectious insults year-1 and the mean length of an infection was 1.4975 years. The effect of acquired immunity on the prevalence of E. granulosus in dogs was considered to be insignificant.     

Detection of the new Ehrlichia species closely related to Ehrlichia ewingii from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan

We collected a total of 206 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks by flagging in pastures in Yonaguni Island, Okinawa, Japan, in April 2008. Four of the 206 tick DNA samples tested were positive in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for the 16SrRNA gene of Anaplasmataceae. Partial sequences of 4 PCR products were identical to each other. Longer sequences of the 16SrRNA gene were successfully determined in 2 of the 4 tick samples, and the obtained 1,392 bp and 1,300 bp sequences revealed high similarity to the 16SrRNA gene sequences of the validated Ehrlichia species, including Ehrlichia ewingii, E. chaffeensis, and E. canis (98.3-98.6%). We also sequenced 1,304 bp of the groEL gene from the 2 tick samples, and found that these had the highest similarity to sequences of E. ewingii (94.0-94.4%) in the validated ehrlichial species. Based on the 16SrRNA and groEL gene sequences, the ehrlichial agents detected in this study were similar to the Ehrlichia species detected in Asia and may compose a new Ehrlichia species with other Ehrlichia species detected in Asia.     

Serological evidence of infection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia in domestic animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region area, China

Serological methods were utilized to detect Anaplasma and Ehrlichia infection in domestic animals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. By using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), antibodies that reacted with Anaplasmaphagocytophilum and Ehrlichiachaffeensis were detected mainly in ruminants kept on pastureland in Altai, Ili and Kashgar area. Antibody titers up to 1:320 were recorded. These results indicate that ruminants kept in these areas may be infected with some species of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia.     

Frequency distribution of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in sheep populations in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China.

Age-prevalence and age-intensity data of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts in sheep populations were collected in an abattoir in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. The frequency distribution of the larval cysts per sheep was empirically described by the negative binomial model, with parameter k being 0.5273. A mathematical model for the life cycle of E. granulosus was applied to the collected data and the results show that the infection pressure on sheep was 0.4362 (female) or 0.4119 (male) infections per year, the mean number of cysts increased linearly by 0.8824 (female) or 0.9971 (male) cysts every year and acquired immunity was too low to depress this rate of increase. According to certain definitions of steady states for taeniid populations, it was concluded that at least in some parts of Xinjiang, the life cycle of E. granulosus was and may still be in an endemic steady state. Consequently, the regular dog-dosing program would readily drive the infection from an endemic state towards extinction.     

新疆伊犁草原毒害草种类及其发生与危害

为查明新疆伊犁毒害草种类,2003-2009年采取普查和随机调查的方法对中国新疆伊犁河谷的天然草地进行了调查。结果表明,毒害草植物有12个科、104个种,侵害面积73万hm2,分布在整个伊犁河谷草原;危害严重的有白喉乌头(Aconitumleucostomum)、准噶尔乌头(A.soongaricum)、纳里橐吾(Ligularianarynensis)、狼毒(Stellerachamaejasme)、野麻(Leonurus heterophyllus)、苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides)、针茅(Stipacapillata)、水杨梅(Geumaleppicum)、大戟(Eupborbiaspp.)、大蓟(Cirsiumjaponicum)和骆驼蓬(Peganumharmala)等;主要优势种是白喉乌头、准噶尔乌头和纳里橐吾,100 m2的样地中,2003年纳里橐吾平均为210株,2006年平均为1 045株,2008年为2 347株;2003年白喉乌头平均为48株,2006年平均为288株,2008年平均为366株;毒害草在新疆伊犁草原正呈快速蔓延之势。新疆伊犁草原毒害草分布具有明显的区域性和地域性,且毒害草萌发早、生长速度快,并有多种繁殖和传播方式,危害性大。     

2018年新疆部分地区规模化猪场猪瘟病毒抗体检测与分析

为了解2018年新疆部分地区猪瘟病毒抗体水平,笔者采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法对采自7家规模化猪场不同日龄猪的321份血清样品进行猪瘟抗体检测与分析。结果显示,猪瘟病毒抗体平均阳性率为84.11%(270/321),高于国家规定标准(70%),平均阻断率为66.60±24.44。各猪场间猪瘟病毒抗体水平差异极显著。各日龄段猪群抗体的阳性率在60%～100%之间,存在一定差异。保育猪阳性率最低(为60%),且低于国家规定标准(70%),其他各日龄段猪群抗体的阳性率均在80%以上。结果表明,在新疆地区7个规模化猪场中,有6个猪场的猪瘟病毒抗体阳性率能达到国家标准(70%),但离散度普遍较高,需要制定更加合理的免疫程序。     

新疆和陕西三叶草属根瘤菌16S rDNA多态性及系统发育研究

为阐明西北部分地区三叶草属(Trifolium L.)根瘤菌遗传多样性及系统发育地位,于2007年12月采用16S rDNA PCR-RFLP与16S rDNA全序列分析,对50株分离自新疆和陕西地区的三叶草属根瘤菌进行系统研究。结果表明:所有供试菌株产生了5种16S rDNA基因型,归属于根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium)、叶杆菌属(Phyllobacterium)3个系统发育分支,表现出较为丰富的共生固氮体系多态性。其中,CCNWXJ0140在系统发育树中与三叶草叶杆菌模式菌株P.trifolii PETP02关系较近,序列相似性为98.9%,也扩大了可与三叶草形成共生关系的根瘤菌种类的范围。通过不同地区同一寄主的三叶草根瘤菌的比较,发现其共生关系因地理分布不同而具有多样性,因此,对于丰富三叶草根瘤菌资源及其开发利用具有重要意义。     

新疆13个绵羊群体遗传多样性及遗传分化的研究

利用10个微卫星标记对新疆13个绵羊群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析.通过计算多态信息含量(PIC)、平均杂合度(H)、群体内近交系数(Fis)、遗传分化系数(Fst)、总群体近交系数(Fit)和基因流(Nm)等参数,评估各品种遗传多样性和品种间遗传分化.结果表明:13个绵羊群体10个微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量为...     

新疆13个绵羊群体遗传多样性及遗传分化的研究

利用10个微卫星标记对新疆13个绵羊群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行了分析。通过计算多态信息含量（PIC）、平均杂合度（H）、群体内近交系数（Fis）、遗传分化系数（Fst）、总群体近交系数（Fit）和基因流（Nm）等参数,评估各品种遗传多样性和品种间遗传分化。结果表明：13个绵羊群体10个微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量为0.6803;平均杂合度为0.7192,其中中国美利奴羊平均杂合度最高为0.7530,山区和田羊最低为0.6754;13个绵羊群体总近交系数为0.1066,群体内近交系数为0.0565,群体间基因分化系数为0.0531,说明5.65%的遗传变异来自群体间,94.35%的遗传变异来自群体内个体间的差异;基因流Nm平均值为4.4621（3.0808~7.4589）,说明各种群间存在或者在过去某个时期发生基因交流;各种群间平均遗传距离较低,为0.1702,平均遗传一致度数值较高,为0.8448,也再次证明了新疆13个绵羊群体间分化程度不高。基于Nei′s标准遗传距离运用UPGMA聚类法获得的新疆13个绵羊群体的聚类图与其品种育成史和地理分布基本相一致。     

昭苏县草地资源景观格局现状分析与评价

依据景观生态学的理论和研究方法,运用遥感和地理信息系统技术,在草地资源分类的基础上,对昭苏县草地资源景观格局的斑块水平指数、斑块类型水平指数以及景观水平指数进行数量分析及评价,明确其草地资源类型空间分布特性.研究结果表明,研究区山前平缓地草地和低山丘陵草地受非草地类型及人为因素干扰强烈;随着时间的变迁,总体景观格局随着年度的推移出现景观破碎度、优势度和多样性增加,均匀性下降的趋势.     

Detection of a spotted fever group Rickettsia in the tick Haemaphysalis juxtakochi in Rondonia, Brazil

The tick genus Haemaphysalis is represented by four species in the New World, of which only the species Haemaphysalis leporispalustris has been associated with Rickettsiae. The present study reports for the first time the presence of a Rickettsia strain in the tick Haemaphysalis juxtakochi. A free-living male of H. juxtakochi, collected in the state of Rondonia, Western Amazon, Brazil, was subjected to DNA extraction and tested by PCR targeting the four rickettsial genes: gltA, 17-kDa, ompA and ompB. The nucleotide sequences obtained from the PCR products were, by BLAST analyses, closest to Rickettsia rhipicephali sharing 99.7% (1147/1150), 98.8% (429/434), 99.0% (486/491) and 99.0% (809/817) identities with the partial sequences of the gltA, 17-kDa, ompA and ompB genes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from the four rickettsial genes showed a high-degree of similarity of this H. juxtakochi-Rickettsia with R. rhipicephali. These two agents grouped together in all trees, always with high bootstrap support (75-96%). This study gives molecular evidence for the presence of a Rickettsia species, designated as strain R300, in the tick H. juxtakochi from the Western Amazon area of Brazil. Genetic analyses showed R300 to be closely related to R. rhipicephali.     

应用多源遥感数据对天山草地资源分类的比较研究

利用多源遥感数据和"3S"技术平台,采用监督分类法对天山北坡山体垂直带内草地资源进行分类并获取资源分布格局图,探讨多源遥感数据在草地资源类型分类中的应用程度和发展前景.结果表明:ETM 和CBERS都比较适合草地资源分类,除在低山、部分中山分类难度大、正确率低外,在其它区域都能划分到"类"一级,但在"型"级划分上,个别类中有所混淆;MODIS卫星数据不适于作草地资源分类信息源,仅能划分出几个复合的大类.     

Detection of a Babesia sp. genotype closely related to marsupial-associated Babesia spp. in male Haemaphysalis shimoga from Sarawak,Malaysian Borneo

In this study, Babesia screening was conducted in 55 rodents and 160 tick samples collected from primary forests and an oil palm plantation in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. PCR targeting the 18S ribosomal DNA revealed the presence of Babesia spp. DNA detected in two questing male Haemaphysalis shimoga ticks collected from the oil palm plantation. Sequence analysis revealed that both sequences were identical and had 98.6% identity to a Babesia macropus sequence obtained from Eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) in Australia. Phylogenetic tree revealed clustering with marsupial-associated Babesia spp. in the Babesia sensu stricto clade. Whether or not H. shimoga is the competent vector and the importance of the Babesia sp. detected in this study warrants more investigation.     

应用特异性引物检测中国不同地区旋毛虫DNA

根据Ｊｅａｎ－Ｄｕｐｏｕｙ－Ｃａｍｅｒ所报道１．７ｋｂ基因序列而设计合成的引物,对中国九个地区的旋毛虫株的肌组织旋毛虫ＤＮＡ进行了聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）。扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,可见中国猪源旋毛虫均扩增出特异性的６０２ｂｐ和２３０ｂｐ大小的ＤＮＡ条带,而中国犬源和猫源以及正常对照肌组织ＤＮＡ均未扩增出特异性片段。本法对中国猪源旋毛虫可检测到０．０２条旋毛虫ＤＮＡ,具有高度的特异性和敏感性。     

乌市牛结核病的检疫防治

结核病是一种人畜共患的慢性传染病，对人畜危害很大。本病在我市主要呈散发，１９５６－１９８９年，我市共检出阳性牛 １１９３头，占检疫牛数的 ３．０２％。自 １９９１年－ １９９９年，我市共检疫奶牛结核病 ４５ ３６８头，检出阳性牛１６０头，捕杀１６０头。从１９９０年至今，我市畜牧兽医检疫草原工作总站每年坚持进行两次防检工作，坚持淘汰病畜，免疫阳性犊牛，加强治疗管理等综合性防制措施，阳性率大大降低。１流行病学为牛结核菌，无芽胞、荚膜。本病通过呼吸道、消化道传染，由病牛咳嗽喷出的飞沫或飞扬在空气中的被污染的…     

Detection of rickettsial DNA in ixodid ticks recovered from dogs and cats in Japan

DNA from ticks recovered from 1137 dogs and 133 cats from all over Japan were examined for Rickettsia infection by citrate synthase gene (gltA)-based PCR and partial nucleotide sequencing. A total of 91 dog tick samples and 18 cat tick samples showed a single band of the appropriate size in the nested PCR. Sequence analysis was successfully performed on 102 samples. DNA of Rickettsia japonica or closely related Rickettsia spp. strains were detected from 38 ticks in 16 prefectures mainly in western Japan. The other 33, detected from 13 prefectures including Hokkaido and Okinawa, were found to be Rickettsia helvetica or closely related strains. A total of 29 DNA that showed highest homology with Rickettsia akari or closely related strains were detected in 19 prefectures, widespread throughout Japan. Rickettsia canada-like DNA was detected from Haemaphysalis sp. removed from a dog in Fukuoka, and ;Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae'-like DNA was from Ixodes sp. removed from a dog in Hokkaido.     

Detection of DNA of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and Spiroplasma sp. in unfed ticks collected from vegetation in Japan

DNA fragments of 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', a feline heamobartonella pathogen, were detected from unfed Ixodes ovatus collected from vegetation in Hokkaido, Fukushima and Yamaguchi Prefectures, and unfed Haemaphysalis flava in Yamaguchi Prefecture. This finding suggests that ixodid tick is a possible vector of 'C. Mycoplasma haemominutum'. Spiroplasma DNA was also detected from unfed I. ovatus in Hokkaido, Fukushima and Yamaguchi Prefectures. The analysis of nucleotides sequence suggested that this Spiroplasma was distinct from registered species.