湖南双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土微生物和生物化学性质的研究

土壤微生物和生物化学性质是农业土壤生产力的重要指标.该文研究了湖南省双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土微生物种群数量和生物化学性质的差异.不同生产力水稻土样品采自湖南省东部、中部和西北部8个水稻主产县,测定了高产、中产和低产水稻土的微生物种群数量、微生物生物量C(SMBC)、微生物生物量N(SMBN)、土壤呼吸、代谢熵(qCO2)、脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、脱氢酶、土壤有机C(SOC)、全N(TN)、全P(TP)、全K(TK)、有效N(AN)、速效P(AP)、速效K(AK)和稻谷与稻草产量.结果表明,高产水稻土的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物生物量C、N与中产水稻土无明显差异.SMBC、SMBN含量和土壤脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶活性与细菌、真菌和放线菌的变化规律基本相似.由于湖南省植稻区施用磷肥有近50年历史,土壤磷素含量较高,导致不同生产力水稻土之间的磷酸酶活性没有差异.细菌和放线菌与SOC、TN、TK、AN含量之间相关性最好.脲酶和转化酶活性与土壤SOC、SMBC、SMBN、TN和AN含量之间的相关性最好.高产水稻土与中产水稻土之间在微生物性质上差异很小,中产水稻土只要加强田间管理措施,可以达到高产水稻土的产量目标.目前低产水稻土的微生物性质和生物化学性质较差,应注意有机肥料和无机肥料的合理施用,重视低产水稻土的改良,提升这类土壤的生物质量.     

长期不同施肥条件下土壤微生物量及 土壤酶活性的季节变化特征

研究长期不同施肥条件下褐潮土微生物量碳（SMBC）、微生物量氮（SMBN）和土壤酶活性随季节的变化特征。结果表明,长期施肥条件下土壤SMBC、SMBN含量及土壤酶活性均表现出一定的季节变化。SMBC、SMBN含量在各施肥处理中的顺序为:化肥与猪厩肥配施处理（NPKM）化肥配施玉米秸秆处理（NPKS）单施化肥处理（NPK）不施肥处理（CK）,各处理之间差异显著(P0.05);施肥还显著提高了土壤脲酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,有机无机配施的高于单施化肥的。除过氧化氢酶活性随季节变化显著下降外,SMBC、SMBN、酶活性的值一般在夏季（6月到8月）较高。通过双因素单变量方差分析表明,不同施肥制度与季节变化对SMBC、SMBN与酶活性的影响分别达极显著水平（P0.01）,不同施肥制度的SMBC、SMBN与酶活性的季节波动有极显著不同（P0.01）。     

鄱阳湖湿地不同植物群落土壤养分和土壤酶活性垂直分布特征

研究鄱阳湖湿地不同植物群落土壤Bglu（β-葡萄糖苷酶）、NAG（乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶）、Bxyl（β-木糖苷酶）、Phos（酸性磷酸酶）、Phox（酚氧化酶）、Pero（过氧化物酶）活性、土壤养分、土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）、土壤微生物量氮（SMBN）、土壤微生物量磷（SMBP）垂直分布特征。结果表明:土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（STN）、全钾（STK）、碱解氮（SAN）、速效磷（SAP）和速效钾（SAK）在深度上呈递减趋势,也即随着土层深度的增加而逐渐降低,在0-20 cm土壤与其他深层土壤之间存在显著的差异性;对于不同植物群落土壤养分平均值而言,由湖滨高滩地到沉水植物区,土壤养分呈增加趋势（均表现为沉水植物区 > 湿生植物区 > 挺水植物区 > 湖滨高滩地）。随土壤剖面深度的增加,不同植物群落SMBC,SMBN和SMBP在深度上呈递减趋势,其中表层SMBC,SMBN和SMBP分别占所研究整个剖面的27.37%,27.22%和29.75%,由湖滨高滩地到沉水植物区,土壤微生物量呈增加趋势（均表现为沉水植物区 > 湿生植物区 > 挺水植物区 > 湖滨高滩地）,其中SMBC,SMBN平均值在不同植物群落中差异均显著（p<0.05）。鄱阳湖湿地沿垂直剖面分布的土壤酶活性与微生物量的变化规律相一致,6种酶（Bglu,Bxyl,NAG,Phos,Pero,Phox）活性随土壤剖面深度的增加显著降低,在0-20 cm达到最大;由湖滨高滩地到沉水植物区,土壤酶活性呈增加趋势（均表现为沉水植物区 > 湿生植物区 > 挺水植物区 > 湖滨高滩地）。相关性分析表明,微生物特性SMBC和SMBN与土壤酶活性的相关性系数较大,表明SMBC和SMBN是影响土壤微生物活性的最主要因素。双因素分析表明,SOC,STN,SAN,SMBC,SMBN,Bglu活性,Bxyl活性,Phos活性,Phox活性均极显著地受到植被和土层深度的影响（p<0.01）,而STP,SAP和SMBP对土层、植被及两者间交互作用均未表现出显著性响应（p>0.05）。综合分析表明,鄱阳湖湿地土壤微生物功能特性之间具有相互促进作用,具有一定的协同作用。     

不同植物篱对石灰性紫色土坡耕地土壤微生物学特性影响研究

以资阳市长期定位试验(10年)小区土壤为材料,研究了种植香根草植物篱、紫穗槐植物篱处理对紫色土坡耕地土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和微生物生物量氮(SMBN)、土壤氨化强度、亚硝化作用和硝化作用强度、土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,种植香根草和紫穗槐植物篱处理土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量分别比对照土壤增加了63.43%和36.63%,47.87%和71.89%,74.60%和43.65%;SMBC和SMBN分别增加了90.02%和83.32%,24.97%和45.04%;土壤脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性分别增加了45.20%和61.86%,26.68%和38.95%;土壤氨化作用强度分别增加了73.28%和75.65%,而土壤硝化和亚硝化强度则分别降低了26.97%和52.96%,6.46%和22.19%。植物篱处理能够较好地改善土壤微生态环境,增加土壤中微生物数量、SMBC和SMBN,提高土壤氮素和磷素的利用效率。     

竹阔混交林土壤微生物生物量及酶活性特征研究

土壤微生物生物量及土壤酶活性是土壤中重要的活性指标,研究竹阔混交林土壤微生物生物量与酶活性随混交比(混交林中阔叶树冠幅所占比例)的变化特征,对竹阔混交林土壤状况进行评价,为竹阔混交林经营过程中阔叶树冠幅的修剪提供一定理论基础。本文通过对福建省永安市天宝岩自然保护区竹阔混交林的调查,研究混交比(阔叶树冠幅与样地面积比)为0～10%、10%～20%、20%～30%、30%～40%、40%以上的竹阔混交林林分土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的分布特征。结果显示:混交比与土层对土壤微生物生物量氮(SMBN)、酶活性均有显著性影响,混交比对土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)的影响不显著。不同混交比下,SMBC、SMBN、土壤酶活性均表现为随土层加深而降低;SMBC含量在30%～40%混交比最高(357.67 mg/kg),SMBN含量在混交比为20%～30%时最高(127.00 mg/kg);混交比为20%～30%的竹阔混交林林分土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性较高,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶在混交比为10%～20%时含量显著低于其他4种混交比;相关性分析表明,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶与土壤微生物生物...     

重金属Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb复合污染对土壤生物活性的影响

通过野外土样采集及室内培养试验(25℃),研究了云南东川铜矿区土壤酶和微生物特征,以及模拟重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染对土壤微生物和酶活性的影响。结果表明,矿区土壤(距矿口0~800 m)重金属污染严重,Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu全量和有效含量是对照土壤(距矿口10 000 m)的3.7~141.0倍和2.2~773.2倍;距矿口越近,土壤有机质、有效氮、有效磷和速效钾含量及土壤pH亦越低,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量碳和氮受到的抑制程度也显著增强。与对照土壤相比,距矿口0~800 m的土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性分别降低25.5%~47.3%、22.6%~74.2%、30.9%~83.1%、16.7%~69.1%和34.6%~92.3%;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别较对照下降30.5%~80.1%、8.1%~49.9%和3.3%~8.3%。土壤酶中的酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶,土壤微生物中的细菌对重金属污染较为敏感。恒温(25℃)培养试验中,低量的Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb复合污染刺激了土壤酶活性和细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量碳和氮的数量,但高量的Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd复合污染使土壤酶活性、细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物生物量碳和氮均显著下降。重金属Cd、Zn、Cu、Pb之间存在着一定的协同或拮抗作用,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb之间在微生物生物量碳和氮上表现出明显的协同效应,Pb与Cd、Zn、Cu对细菌数量的复合效应机制为拮抗效应,Cd、Zn、Cu和Pb对真菌数量和放线菌数量的复合效应机制表现为协同效应和拮抗效应并存。     

生物土壤结皮对荒漠区土壤微生物生物量的影响

为探明生物土壤结皮对土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响,以腾格里沙漠东南缘的人工植被固沙区生物土壤结皮覆盖的沙丘土壤为研究对象,根据固沙时间的不同将样地分为4个不同的区进行采样(55、47、30和20 a固沙区),以流沙区(0 a)和天然植被区(100 a)为对照。研究表明:人工植被固沙区的藻-地衣结皮和藓类结皮均可显著提高土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)和氮(SMBN)含量(p0.05),且固沙年限与SMBC和SMBN含量存在显著的正相关关系(p0.05);结皮类型显著影响土壤微生物生物量,藓类结皮下SMBC和SMBN含量显著高于藻-地衣结皮下SMBC和SMBN含量(p0.05);此外,生物土壤结皮可显著提高0~20 cm土层SMBC和SMBN含量(p0.05),且这种影响随土层的增加而减弱。而且,生物土壤结皮下SMBC和SMBN含量表现明显的季节变化,表现为夏季春季秋季。水热因子是决定土壤微生物生物量季节变化的主要因子,而生物土壤结皮通过调节土壤温度和湿度而影响土壤微生物生物量的季节变化。     

长期冬种绿肥对红壤性水稻土微生物特性及酶活性的影响

以农业部衡阳红壤环境重点野外科学观测基地长期冬种绿肥稻田为平台,研究了双季稻种植区长期冬种绿肥下红壤性水稻土微生物特性及酶活性与土壤质量的关系,阐明了长期冬种绿肥翻压下土壤健康的微生物指标功能。研究分析了26年冬种不同绿肥的红壤性水稻土微生物学参数之间的差异及其提升土壤肥力的作用,结果表明,与冬季休闲处理相比,长期冬种绿肥翻压处理的微生物种群数量、微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物生物量氮(SMBN)、土壤呼吸、脲酶、转化酶和脱氢酶活性都有所提高,代谢熵(qCO2)降低,以长期冬种紫云英翻压处理效果最明显。微生物种群数量、SMBC、脲酶、脱氢酶与土壤总有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)、缓效钾(SLK)和速效钾(AK)呈显著或极显著相关;TOC,TN,AN,SLK,AK,微生物种群数量,脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶活性与水稻产量呈显著正相关关系。长期冬种绿肥翻压能明显地改善红壤性水稻土的微生物特性与酶活性,提高土壤肥力。     

新垦灰钙土蚕豆/玉米间作系统土壤活性有机碳、氮的时空变异研究

以宁夏新垦的淡灰钙土为对象,研究了蚕豆/玉米间作系统不同施氮水平下土壤活性有机碳、氮的时空变异特征。结果表明:新垦淡灰钙土土壤微生物量碳、氮(SMBC、SMBN)及可溶性有机碳、氮(SOC、SON)等活性有机碳、氮含量较低;随着施氮量的增加土壤SMBC含量显著增加;玉米收获期土壤SMBC、SMBN含量显著高于蚕豆收获期;土壤SMBC、SMBN含量空间变异为:蚕豆行间(F-F)含量最高,玉米行(M)、玉米行间(M-M)最低。与不施氮相比,施氮显著提高了蚕豆收获期土壤SOC、SON含量,而玉米收获期各施氮水平间土壤SOC和SON含量无明显差异;土壤SOC、SON的空间变异为:玉米行间>蚕豆行间、蚕豆行(F)、蚕豆与玉米行间(F-M)>玉米行。玉米收获期土壤SMBC及SMBN含量的显著增加,说明土壤微生物对矿质氮的固持对于新垦土壤肥力的提高具有重要作用。     

铅镉、石油污染和黑麦草种植对土壤微生物活性的影响差异

矿产和石油的生产与使用导致不同程度的土壤重金属和石油污染,已影响到人类健康与安全,土壤污染修复迫在眉睫。本研究采用室内盆栽试验的方法,在铅镉污染、石油污染土壤中种植黑麦草(Lolium perenne),探究土壤基础呼吸(SBR)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)及相关土壤酶活性的变化,揭示铅镉、石油污染对土壤微生物的影响,进而为重金属及石油污染土壤修复及其环境评价提供理论依据。共设置6个处理:未污染土壤(S),未污染土壤+黑麦草(SG),铅镉污染土壤(SH),铅镉污染土壤+黑麦草(SHG),石油污染土壤(SP),石油污染土壤+黑麦草(SPG)。研究发现:与处理S相比,在本研究铅镉及石油污染水平下,处理SH的SBR、MBC、过氧化氢酶活性和脲酶活性分别显著降低22.42%、44.90%、6.35%和44.88%(P 0.05);处理SP的SBR、MBC、脲酶活性和脱氢酶活性分别增加23.06%、52.04%、42.26%和65.37%(P 0.05);处理SG的MBC和过氧化氢酶活性分别降低60.54%和4.55%(P 0.05),SBR和脱氢酶活性分别增加31.51%和94.86%(P 0.05)。土壤受污染后,种植黑麦草处理的SBR和MBC、过氧化氢酶活性、脲酶活性高于对应未种植黑麦草的处理。这一结果表明,在一定含量范围内重金属污染抑制土壤微生物活性,而石油污染初期抑制、后期可以提升微生物活性,种植黑麦草在后期可显著增强污染土壤的微生物活性、提高土壤微生物生物量。     

Contrasting soil microbial responses to fertilizers and herbicides in a canola-barley rotation

The combination of high input costs and low commodity prices is forcing some farmers to consider reducing crop inputs like seed, fertilizer and herbicides. In a field trial in which different canola (Brassica napus L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) inputs were subtracted from a full package, or added to an empty package, we studied the effects of full or reduced fertilizer and herbicide inputs on soil microbiological characteristics at two sites from 2005 to 2008. The full package consisted of a high-yielding crop variety seeded at an optimum rate, with fertilizers and herbicides applied at recommended rates. The empty package consisted of a less expensive, low-yielding crop variety seeded at a low rate, with no fertilizer or herbicide applied. Between these two extremes were treatments in which fertilizers or herbicides were applied at 50% of recommended rates or not at all. Each treatment was repeated year after year in the same plot, i.e., treatment effects were cumulative. Fertilizer effects on soil microbial biomass C (MBC), β-glucosidase enzyme activity and bacterial functional diversity (based on community-level physiological profiles) were usually positive. Reduced fertilizer application rates reduced the beneficial fertilizer effects. Significant herbicide effects on soil microbiological properties occurred less often, were smaller in magnitude than fertilizer effects, and were mostly negative. Reduced herbicide rates reduced the deleterious herbicide effects. These significant fertilizer and herbicide effects were observed in canola more than barley, and mostly in the final year of the study, indicating the cumulative nature of treatment effects over time. Therefore, repeated applications of agricultural inputs like fertilizers and herbicides can have more significant effects on soil biology and biological processes than single applications indicate.     

长期施肥处理对玉米生长期潮土微生物生物量和活度的影响

以1989年建立的中国科学院封丘农田生态系统国家试验站的长期定位试验为平台,研究经18a连续不同施肥处理后玉米季土壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度的动态变化及其与土壤有机碳之间的相互关系,并探讨施肥措施对土壤微生物及其活性的影响。施肥处理包括:(1)有机肥(OM);(2)1/2化肥和1/2有机肥(1/2OM+1/2NPK);(3)氮磷钾肥(NPK);(4)氮磷肥(NP);(5)磷钾肥(PK);(6)氮钾肥(NK);(7)不施肥,即对照(CK)7个处理。结果表明,微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度在玉米生长期内均有明显的时间变异性,其中微生物生物量碳与微生物活度的动态变化比较一致,其间的极显著相关关系表明潮土微生物生物量碳的变化可以在很大程度上代表土壤微生物活度的变化。施肥制度显著影响微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度的变化,总体趋势为OM1/2OM+1/2NPKNPKNPPKNKCK,表明OM有利于保持土壤的生物化学环境及促进土壤的生物学活性;与OM处理相比,化学肥料的长期施用有降低土壤微生物生物量和微生物活度的趋势,尤其是缺素处理的表现更为明显,其中以缺磷处理的表现最为严重。土壤微生物生物量碳氮、微生物活度与土壤有机碳变化均呈极显著正相关。     

长期施用化肥对红壤性水稻土中微生物生物量、活性及群落结构的影响

利用化肥长期定位试验,研究了施肥对土壤微生物生物量、活性及其群落结构的影响.结果表明:与不施肥相比,长期施用化肥不仅增加了土壤微生物生物量,而且导致了土壤微生物群落结构的分异.其中,有机无机配施处理和2倍NPK配施处理显著提高了土壤有机质含量、全N含量、土壤微生物生物量和土壤微生物活性.NPK均衡施肥处理对土壤有机质、土壤微生物生物量及其活性的影响小于非均衡施肥的处理(NP、NK、N、P、K),适当增施K肥有利于提高土壤微生物中真菌的比例.     

Successional changes in microbial biomass,respiration and nutrient status during litter decomposition in an aspen and pine forest

Microbial biomass, microbial respiration, metabolic quotient (qCO₂), C_mic/C_org ratio and nutrient status of the microflora was investigated in different layers of an aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and pine forest (Pinus contorta Loud.) in southwest Alberta, Canada. Changes in these parameters with soil depth were assumed to reflect successional changes in aging litter materials. The microbial nutrient status was investigated by analysing the respiratory response of glucose and nutrient (N and P) supplemented microorganisms. A strong decline in qCO₂ with soil depth indicated a more efficient C use by microorganisms in later stages of decay in both forests. C_mic/C_org ratio also declined in the aspen forest with soil depth but in the pine forest it was at a maximum in the mineral soil layer. Microbial nutrient status in aspen leaf litter and pine needle litter indicated N limitation or high N demand, but changes in microbial nutrient status with soil depth differed strongly between both forests. In the aspen forest N deficiency appeared to decline in later stages of decay whereas P deficiency increased. In contrast, in the pine forest microbial growth was restricted mainly by N availability in each of the layers. Analysis of the respiratory response of CNP-supplemented microorganisms indicated that growth ability of microorganisms is related to the fungal-bacterial ratio.     

Changes in microbial biomass and microbial activity of pig slurry after the transit through the gut of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867)

Here we studied the effects of gut transit through the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae, on the physicochemical, biochemical, and microbial characteristics of pig slurry, by analyzing fresh casts. The reduction in the dissolved organic C contents in casts we recorded suggests that during digestion, earthworms assimilated labile organic C preferentially, which is a limiting growth factor for them. Furthermore, both microbial biomass and activity in pig slurry were significantly decreased by earthworm gut transit. It appears that E. eugeniae is able to digest microorganisms, although the addition of glucose to the food increased respiration, indicating that growth of microorganisms in casts could be limited by depletion of labile C. Despite reduced microbial biomass and activity, the metabolic diversity of microbial communities was greater in casts than in original pig slurry. Community level physiological profiles obtained from Biolog Ecoplate data revealed that, after earthworm gut transit, the microbial communities in casts and pig slurry were clearly differentiated by their physiological profiles. The results indicate that first stage in vermicomposting of pig slurry by E. eugeniae, i.e., casting, produced changes that will influence the dynamics of the organic matter degradation by reducing forms of N and C available to microorganisms, hence restricting their growth and multiplication. Nevertheless, the reduced microflora of casts was characterized by an increased catabolic potential that might lead to thorough degradation of pig slurry.     

Changes in microbial community structure in soil as a result of different amounts of nitrogen fertilization

The changes in size, activity and structure of soil microbial community caused by N fertilization were studied in a laboratory incubation experiment. The rates of N fertiliser applied (KNO₃) were 0 (control), 100 and 2,000 μg N g⁻¹ soil. Despite no extra C sources added, a high percentage of N was immobilized. Whereas no significant increase of microbial C was revealed during incubation period, microbial growth kinetics as determined by the substrate-induced growth-response method demonstrated a significant decrease in the specific growth rate of microbial community in soil treated with 2,000 μg N g⁻¹ soil. Additionally, a shift in microbial community structure resulting in an increase in fungal biomarkers, mainly in the treatment with 2,000 μg N g⁻¹ soil was visible.     

城市与郊区森林土壤微生物群落特征差异研究

森林是具有重要服务功能的生态系统之一,在城区和郊区都普遍存在,但对于森林土壤微生物群落特征的城郊差异研究却很少。本研究在北京城市与郊区选择三种相同树种(油松Pinus tabulaeformis、侧柏Platycladus orientalis和毛白杨Populus tomentosa)的森林,主要研究比较了土壤微生物量碳、微生物群落结构和功能多样性的城郊差异。结果表明,郊区森林的土壤微生物量碳含量显著高于城区(郊区微生物量碳为367.29 mg kg-1,城区为294.23 mg kg-1)。同一树种下郊区微生物活性高于城区,差异未达到显著。微生物多样性和均匀度城郊差异不明显;但树种间存在一定的差异,城区毛白杨林下土壤微生物群落的均匀度显著低于柏树与油松,多样性指数显著低于柏树。结果表明城市化过程对城市土壤微生物量以及微生物群落的结构和功能有一定影响,且不同树种对于这种影响存在差异。随着城市化加快,城乡梯度上土壤微生物量碳的城乡差异明显,而土壤微生物群落结构、功能的差异有减小的趋势。     

Amino sugars and muramic acid—biomarkers for soil microbial community structure analysis

Characterizing functional and phylogenetic microbial community structure in soil is important for understanding the fate of microbially-derived compounds during the decomposition and turn-over of soil organic matter. This study was conducted to test whether amino sugars and muramic acid are suitable biomarkers to trace bacterial, fungal, and actinomycetal residues in soil. For this aim, we investigated the pattern, amounts, and dynamics of three amino sugars (glucosamine, mannosamine and galactosamine) and muramic acid in the total microbial biomass and selectively cultivated bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes of five different soils amended with and without glucose. Our results revealed that total amino sugar and muramic acid concentrations in microbial biomass, extracted from soil after chloroform fumigation varied between 1 and 27 mg kg⁻¹ soil. In all soils investigated, glucose addition resulted in a 50-360% increase of these values. In reference to soil microbial biomass-C, the total amino sugar- and muramic acid-C concentrations ranged from 1-71 g C kg⁻¹ biomass-C. After an initial lag phase, the cultivated microbes revealed similar amino sugar concentrations of about 35, 27 and 17 g glucosamine-C kg⁻¹ TOC in bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, respectively. Mannosamine and galactosamine concentrations were lower than those for glucosamine. Mannosamine was not found in actinomycete cultures. The highest muramic acid concentrations were found in bacteria, but small amounts were also found in actinomycete cultures. The concentrations of the three amino sugars studied and muramic acid differed significantly between bacteria and the other phylogenetic microbial groups under investigation (fungi and actinomycetes). Comparison between the amino sugar and muramic acid concentrations in soil microbial biomass, extracted after chloroform fumigation, and total concentrations in the soil showed that living microbial biomass contributed negligible amounts to total amino sugar contents in the soil, being at least two orders of magnitude greater in the soils than in the soil inherent microbial biomass. Thus, amino sugars are significantly stabilized in soil.     

Effects of regenerating vegetation on soil enzyme activity and microbial structure in reclaimed soils on a surface coal mine site

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of reclaimed scenarios on soil enzyme activities and microbial community in a reclaimed surface coal mine on the Northwest Loess Plateau of China. Soil samples were collected from a bare land (CK), and a plantation (PL) and four mixed forests (MF1-4). Soil physicochemical characteristics, four enzyme activities and microbial abundance and T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) profiles were measured. Effects of reclaimed scenarios on soil nutrients content, enzyme activities and microbial community were pronounced. Soil organic carbon could be well used to predict the major differences in enzyme activities, and microbial abundance and composition. Soil enzyme activities were more significantly correlated with fungal abundance than bacterial and archaeal ones. The higher soil nutrient content, enzyme activities, and microbial abundance and diversity were from mixed forests and the lowest ones were from CK, which suggested mixed forests would be feasible scenarios in semi-arid Loess Plateau. Soil bacteria, archaea and fungi evolved with reclaimed process, but the influences of reclaimed scenarios on each domain of microbial abundance, diversity and composition were different. These findings suggested that soil bacteria, archaea and fungi play different ecological roles during restoration process.     

不同类型水稻土微生物群落结构特征及其影响因素

选取基于我国土壤地理发生分类的不同类型土壤发育的四种水稻土,利用15N2气体示踪法测定生物固氮速率,采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术测定细菌丰度,通过16S rRNA基因高通量测序分析微生物群落组成和多样性.结果表明:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria...