三种鸡抗球虫药物效力的比较研究

挑选健康和体况相近的104只15～25日龄雏鸡,随机分组,在人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫条件下,评估3种抗球虫药物——磺胺氯吡嗪类、马杜拉霉素、盐酸氯丙嗪的抗球虫效果,并对3种抗球虫药物进行比较,以抗球虫指数（ACI）作为药物治疗效果的综合评定指标。结果表明,各药物组的ACI分别为磺胺氯吡嗪类184.35,马杜拉霉素142.06,盐酸氯丙嗪165.10,显示磺胺氯吡嗪类药物抗球虫效果最好。     

三种鸡抗球虫药的效力比较试验

鸡球虫病是养禽业中常见的一种疾病,它对养鸡生产的危害十分严重,分布很广。在我国虽然已使用抗球虫药物的种类很多,但由于球虫耐药性的普遍存在,抗球虫效果不是很理想。本试验通过挑选健康雏鸡随机分组,在人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫条件下,评估三种抗球虫药物（磺胺氯吡嗪钠、马杜拉霉素、盐酸氯丙嗪）的抗球虫效果,并对三种抗球虫药物进行比较,以抗球虫指数（ACI）作为药物治疗效果的综合评定指标,为规模化养鸡场提供实验依据,以适应生产实际需要。     

三种鸡抗球虫药的效力比较试验

鸡球虫病是养禽业中常见的一种疾病,它对养鸡生产的危害十分严重,分布很广。在我国抗球虫药物的种类很多,但由于球虫耐药性的普遍存在,抗球虫应用效果不是很理想。试验通过挑选健康雏鸡随机分组,在人工感染鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫条件下,评估3种抗球虫药物(磺胺氯吡嗪钠、马杜拉霉素、盐酸氯丙嗪)的抗球虫效果,并对3种抗球虫药物进行比较,以抗球虫指数(ACI)作为药物治疗效果的综合评定指标,为规模化养鸡场提供试验依据,以适应生产实际需要。     

安徽3株柔嫩艾美耳球虫对5种抗球虫药的耐药性检测

采用鸡体试验法,以抗球虫指数、最适抗球虫活性百分率、病变记分减少率和相对卵囊产量4项指标综合判定,安徽庐江县、青阳县和肥西县3个地区鸡柔嫩艾美耳球虫对磺胺氯吡嗪钠、马杜拉霉素、氨丙啉、妥曲珠利、地克珠利的耐药性。结果显示,庐江株对氨丙啉和妥曲珠利敏感,对磺胺氯吡嗪钠和地克珠利完全耐药,对马杜拉霉素中度耐药;青阳株对地克珠利和妥曲珠利敏感,对磺胺氯吡嗪钠和马杜拉霉素完全耐药,对氨丙啉中度耐药;肥西株对磺胺氯吡嗪钠敏感,对妥曲珠利中度耐药,对地克珠利、马杜拉霉素和氨丙啉完全耐药。     

盐酸氟乙基硫胺素的药效学研究

采用人工感染艾美耳球虫模型来评价抗球虫药盐酸氟乙基硫胺素的治疗效果,以期为临床用药提供依据。试验选取鸡240只,随机分为8组,每组30只,其中2组分别为模型组（感染不给药组）和空白对照组,另外6组分别为氨丙啉组、尼卡巴嗪组、马杜拉霉素组及盐酸氟乙基硫胺素组（高、中、低三个剂量）,4种抗球虫药物进行治疗。除空白对照组外,其余各组动物接种球虫孢子化卵囊2.5×105个/只。连续给药5 d,在第7天将240只鸡全部扑杀剖检,根据存活率、相对增重率、卵囊值、病变值计算抗球虫指数（ACI）,进而判定药物的疗效。结果表明,125 mg/kg 氨丙啉组ACI为191.2、125 mg/kg 尼卡巴嗪组ACI为192.9、5 mg/kg马杜拉霉素组ACI为186.7,均大于180,为高效抗球虫药;125 mg/kg 盐酸氟乙基硫胺素组ACI为201.6,为高效抗球虫药。盐酸氟乙基硫胺素的抗球虫效果优于氨丙啉、马杜拉霉素及尼卡巴嗪。     

一毒害艾美耳球虫田间分离株耐药性分析

用鸡体实验法,以相对卵囊产量(ROP)、病变记分减少率(RLS)、最适抗球虫百分数(POAA)和抗球虫指数(ACI)等4项指标,分析了一株毒害艾美耳球虫对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠(20％磺胺氯吡嗪钠+4％二甲氧苄啶)、血痢宁(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉)、贝尔球康(又称鸡球虫散,含青蒿、仙鹤草、何首乌、白头翁、肉桂等)、百球清(妥曲珠利)、马杜球败(马度米星铵预混剂)等5种抗球虫药的耐药性.结果显示:该株毒害艾美耳球虫对百球清无耐药性,对复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠和血痢宁有轻度耐药性,对贝尔球康无耐药性或轻度耐药性,对马杜球败有完全耐药性.提示该养殖场应停止使用马杜拉霉素,改用妥曲珠利或贝尔球康,但必须进行轮换用药或联合用药,以延长药物的使用寿命.     

柔嫩艾美耳球虫西宁分离株的药物敏感性试验

比较地克珠利、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、磺胺喹噁啉、氨丙啉、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶等5种常用抗球虫药对人工感染2.4×105个柔嫩艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊的鸡的作用效果.结果表明,地克珠利抗球虫指数(ACI)为165.7,抗球虫效果良好;氨丙啉抗球虫指数(ACI)为126.7,抗球虫效果中等;磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺氯吡嗪钠、复方磺胺对甲氧嘧啶抗球虫指数(ACI)分别为115.7、75、55.8,无抗球虫效果.     

五种抗球虫药防治鸡E．tenella的疗效对比试验

挑选体况相近的21日龄伊莎公鸡210羽和罗斯公鸡70羽，在人工感染E.tenella下，对氯嗪苯乙腈（diclazuril）、常山酮（halofuginone）、氯羟吡啶（clopidol）、马杜拉霉素（maduramicin）和盐霉素（salinomycin）5种抗球虫药，进行了3批防治鸡E.tenella疗效对比试验，以抗球虫指数（ACI）作为疗效的综合评判指标。结果显示各种药物的ACI分别为，氯嗪苯乙腈195.52,195.29,192.74；常山酮200.60,199.04,194.45；氯羟吡啶179.64，174.42,167.93；马杜拉霉素194.23,194.23,198.89；盐霉素167.32,170.95,164.82；用于对照的感染不用药组的ACI为126.50，130.79和93.31。氯嗪苯乙腈、常山酮和马杜拉霉素抗该球虫的效果非常好，其ACI均超过190，氯羟吡啶和盐霉素效果次之，其ACI在160-180之间。     

5种离子载体类抗球虫药对常见鸡球虫的作用比较

比较了5种离子载体类抗球虫药拉沙里菌素（Lasalocid）、盐霉素（Salinomycin）、马杜拉霉素（Maduramicin）、那拉霉素（Narasin）和莫能菌素（Monensin）对广东一些鸡场常见的柔嫩艾美球虫（Eimeria tenella）、巨型艾美球虫（E.maxima）、堆型艾美球虫（E.acervulina）和毒害艾美球虫（E.necatrix）不同感染量的作用效果。结果，拉沙里菌素（90mg/kg）、盐霉素（60mg/kg)、马杜拉霉素（50mg/kg）、那拉霉素（70mg/kg）、莫能菌素（100mg/kg）拌料饲喂组和感染不用药组对毒害艾美球虫的抗球虫指数（ACI）分别为194.0、184.6、181.9、173.3、167.2和125.7；对巨型艾美球虫的ACI分别199.5、149.3、152.0、172.9、141.2和99.1；对堆型艾美球虫的ACI分别为165.1、173.1、150.1、156.8、149.4和105.2；对柔嫩艾美球虫的ACI分别为165.2、2、75.1、85.0、137.6、83.1和102.6。即拉沙里菌素对柔嫩艾美球虫、毒害艾美球虫和巨型艾美球虫的效果比其它4种药要好，拉沙里菌素对堆型艾美球虫的效果比盐霉素低，但比马杜拉霉素、莫能菌素、那拉霉素高。     

几种药物的联合使用对堆型艾美耳球虫的疗效及耐药性试验

目的研究几种药物的联合抗球虫效果及其耐药性。方法将175只14日龄罗曼粉雏公鸡随机分为7组,设5个试验组,按组分别投予磺胺氯吡嗪300 mg/kg 氨吡啉125 mg/kg,磺胺氯吡嗪300 mg/kg 尼卡巴嗪125mg/kg,磺胺氯丙嗪300 mg/kg 左旋咪唑10 mg/kg,地克珠利3 mg/kg,地克珠利2 mg/kg 氨丙啉125 mg/kg,并设立感染不用药和不感染不用药对照组。给药后2 d,除不感染不用药对照组的鸡只外,其余全部试验鸡每只分别接种E.acervulina孢子化卵襄8×104个。以抗球虫指数(ACI)作为判定药物效力的指标;并根据最适抗球虫活性百分率(POAA)病变记分减少率(RLS)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)、三项指标综合判定球虫对上述抗球虫药的耐药性。结果地克珠利与氨丙啉的联合使用,其抗球虫指数达181.25,其余各组药的抗球虫指数均在165~170之间;且该球虫株对磺胺氯吡嗪 尼卡巴嗪、磺胺氯吡嗪 左旋咪唑、地克珠利组药物有轻度耐药性(-- ),对磺胺氯吡嗪 氨丙啉有中度耐药性(- )。结论地克珠利与氨丙啉联合使用对E.acervulina具有高效抗球虫作用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …