积石山县推广养牛产业扶贫模式的方案

对积石山县肉牛产业扶贫模式进行论证,解决我县牛产业扶贫存在的总量小、缺资金、缺技术、风险高等突出问题,培育养牛龙头企业,推动养牛产业化经营,实现贫困户持续稳定增收。     

积石山县黄牛改良及肉牛生产情况调查报告

随着草畜产业的发展,积石山县牛产业呈现出良好的发展势头。作者通过对积石山县黄牛改良现状和存在问题的分析,总结主要做法和经验,并给出解决对策和建议。     

浅谈积石山县肉牛养殖模式

对积石山县养牛模式进行了总结,并分析了不同生产模式的运应效果及特点,发展的趋势及具体措施加以说明,最后对肉牛生产提出了建议。     

景谷县肉牛产业的发展现状及建议

肉牛产业是畜牧业的一个重要支柱产业,发展肉牛产业有利于合理调整农业生产结构、发展农业循环经济,有利于保障国家食品安全,有利于促进农牧民养殖增收,带动脱贫致富的好产业。近年来,各级党委、政府高度重视,相继出台扶持政策,肉牛养殖掀起新热潮,为加快肉牛产业发展,本文结合云南省景谷县独特的气候和丰富的饲草料资源,为县域肉牛产业发展提质增效,就景谷县肉牛发展现状、存在问题提出一系列的建议。     

宁洱县肉牛产业发展对策

宁洱县养殖业内部结构不合理,生猪产业发展比重大于肉牛产业。目前,生猪产品不能与大市场对接,导致农户养猪得不到实惠,这为发展肉牛产业提供了机遇。为进一步发展壮大肉牛产业,充分利用宁洱县肉牛生产资源,笔者分析了宁洱县养牛产业存在的问题,提出了相应的目标任务、技术路线、综合配套技术等,为养殖者进行科学养牛提供参考。     

引领产业，做在前头 发展产业，想在前头——探索宾县肉牛产业发展的先进经验

相对于奶牛和生猪产业来说,我国肉牛产业发展起步比较晚,市场成熟度不够,品种改良速度较慢,但是作为黑龙江省肉牛生产基地县的宾县,在发展肉牛产业上却走在了前头、做在了前头、想在了前头.肉牛产业已成为宾县发展农村经济的支柱产业,宾县已经成为黑龙江省肉牛第一大县,全国重要的商品肉牛生产基地县.日前,本刊记者来到位于哈尔滨市东部的宾县,采访了宾县畜牧局领导,走访了养殖专业户,了解了宾县肉牛产业发展的先进经验.     

酉阳县肉牛产业发展探讨

酉阳县肉牛产业是酉阳农户的富民产业。笔者结合酉阳县草山草坡牧草资源优势条件,分析肉牛发展的现状,提出肉牛发展的具体措施。     

高寒地区放牧补饲条件下南德温杂种肉牛的增重试验研究

积石山县在西北地区首家引进世界高档肉牛品种南德温牛,对当地西门达尔杂交黄牛进行远缘杂交改良.通过对12～18月龄南西杂F1改良阉牛和西杂阉牛各10头,采用白天放牧、夜间补饲育肥90 d.结果表明,南西杂F1肉牛日均增重0.97kg,西杂肉牛日均增重0.66 kg,南西杂F1肉牛的增重和生长情况明显高于西杂肉牛.试验组比对照组提高收益49.52%.     

师宗县肉牛产业存在问题及发展对策

师宗县是一个典型的山区农业县,发展肉牛养殖有着得天独厚的自然条件,为促进师宗县肉牛产业的发展,对全县肉牛产业发展情况做了全面调查,调查了肉牛生产现状,分析了存在问题,提出了发展对策。     

云南省元江县本地黄牛产业发展情况调研报告

肉牛产业是云南省元江县的重要产业,为了解决当前其肉牛产业发展过程中存在的问题,元江县畜牧与饲草饲料站对支撑元江县肉牛产业发展的热区饲草资源、品种优势、服务体系、政策环境以及市场营销、加工流程等环节的现状进行了调研,结果发现:元江县本地黄牛产业发展的优势有:饲草资源丰富、交通区位优势、销售前景广阔、服务体系健全、龙头带动力强、政策环境优越;存在的问题有:资金投入不足、养殖水平较低、规模化程度不高、养殖小区管理不规范。为此,应充分利用现有基础,建设肉牛养殖基地;示范推广种草养畜、青贮、氨化饲料技术;引进优良肉牛品种,推广牛冻精改良技术;建立健全防疫体系,加强疫病防治;推进标准化饲养,产业化经营;加大扶持力度,带动肉牛产业发展。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein