我国乳业市场结构与政府规制研究

文章立足于我国目前的乳业市场发展现状,运用市场集中度测度了"乳品危机"前后我国的乳业市场结构,对比分析了"乳品危机"前后我国乳业安全规制的变化,运用灰色关联分析法验证了"乳品危机"前后乳业安全规制与市场结构之间的内在联系,旨在研究我国乳业市场结构与政府规制之间的作用机理,并从规制意识、规制内容、规制程序等方面对乳业安全规制提出了相应的建议。     

基于质量声誉模型的乳品质量安全问题分析

伴随我国乳业产业链的不断延伸和行为参与人的日趋复杂,乳品的质量安全问题日益凸显。频发的安全事故使消费者对我国乳品的质量安全信心跌至谷底,整个乳业遭受严重影响。文章通过对我国乳品产业链的实地调研,提出乳制品加工企业是乳业质量监管的关键点,并利用质量声誉模型对现行质量监管体制下乳制品生产企业的质量选择行为进行分析,提出提高乳品市场的准入条件、引入先进检测技术和设备、加大监管力度、建立乳品质量信息平台、完善乳制品质量监管体系和法规以及加大对生产低质量乳制品的企业惩罚力度的政策建议。     

关于我国乳品质量安全管理的探讨

本文在阐述乳品质量管理的对于我国乳业重要意义的基础上,结合国家对乳品质量管理的政策性要求,提出了构建质量安全检测体系的思路.     

我国乳品安全规制体系的构成与演变

改革开放以来,我国乳品行业发展迅速,随着生产规模的不断扩大,乳品质量安全问题频发,在2008年发生乳品污染事件后,我国加大了对乳品质量安全的管理力度,乳品安全规制体系逐步趋于完善,但仍然存在诸多弊端和缺陷。为更好地促进我国乳业健康发展,笔者运用规制经济学的相关理论,结合我国乳品安全规制的实践对我国乳品安全规制体系进行了全面分析。首先从规制目标、规制主体、规制客体和规制工具对我国乳品安全规制体系的构成进行了阐述;然后按照我国乳品安全规制体系的完善程度,将规制体系进行分阶段阐述,并总结了每个阶段的特点;最后从规制目标、规制主体、规制客体和规制工具等方面对乳品安全规制体系的改善提出相关建议。     

我国奶源生产监管信息化现状及需求对策

本文立足乳品产业信息化发展,重点针对产业链条上游奶源环节,从奶牛养殖管理、奶站和生乳运输车监管、生乳质量监测、信息社会化服务四个方面,分析了我国奶源环节生产监管信息化情况,并从提高奶业生产水平、加强奶源重点环节监管、提升生鲜乳质量安全水平、完善奶业服务及拓展等需要,提出了奶源生产监管信息化的发展需求和相关措施建议,为研究乳业信息化建设与发展进程提供参考。     

辽宁省乳业养殖加工一体化模式的探讨

辽宁省是奶牛养殖和乳业加工大省,但目前奶牛养殖和生产加工环节之间出现割裂,由此而产生的供需矛盾是乳品质量安全和产业发展不稳定的根源。本文结合辽宁省奶牛养殖现状,对乳业养殖加工一体化模式进行了归纳和探讨。     

2013年中国乳业舆情分析

2013年中国乳业相关网络媒体舆情增长迅速,媒体对婴幼儿奶粉等乳品质量安全以及整个乳品行业呈现空前关注态势。本文阐述了2013年乳业话题的新闻舆情和网民舆情,给出了乳业相关热点话题新闻和网络热帖,并对2013年的热点舆情进行了详细分析,最后还从舆情热度、舆情传播主体、舆情内容、舆论指向等方面,讨论了2013年乳业舆情的传播特点。     

基于产业链视角的乳制品质量安全管理研究

乳制品在我国居民日常生活中发挥着重要作用,随着乳业的发展,乳制品安全逐渐被大众关注。我国乳制品产业链长且复杂,产业链各环节之间缺乏有效组织,处于前端的奶农饲养规模小而分散,乳制品存在安全隐患。本文从产业链视角出发,通过对我国乳业产业链现状的分析,探析乳制品存在的质量安全问题及原因,并针对不同的环节、主体提出优化对策,以期促进乳业产业链安全管理,提高乳制品质量安全水平。     

我国乳业发展的现状与前景分析

近年来我国的乳业快速发展,呈现出乳品产量持续增加、乳品与苜蓿"双进口"趋势明显、养殖规模偏小、行业利润率低等特点。当前我国的乳业正处于从传统乳业向现代乳业转型的关键时期,未来乳业的发展将从注重数量型向质量型升级。为实现乳业健康发展,应促进规模化、标准化养殖,继续加     

新冠肺炎疫情下我国乳业发展的思考及建议

乳业产业链条长、环节多。我国乳业虽然发展势头强劲,但整个产业链联结机制仍不完善,抗风险能力不强,特别是新冠肺炎疫情(简称“疫情”)突发给我国乳品行业带来了很大挑战,乳品企业经营压力加大,但同时也倒逼乳品企业进行变革发展。结合疫情对乳业带来的挑战和机遇,分析得出,疫情后我国乳业需在原料奶生产效率和竞争力、婴幼儿配方奶粉原辅料自主研发和生产能力、健康营养的高端产品、市场潜力的挖掘等方面强化和突破,并在建立乳业产业链联合体、加强关键原辅料供给、加快产品多元化发展、鼓励金融创新及加快全渠道布局等方面提出了对策建议。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

文山黄牛的现状与保种措施

文章阐述了文山黄牛的品种特性、现状和保种措施。文山牛保种可采用原产地活体保种,迁地活体保种和现代生物技术保种等多种方式。文山牛体型较大,性情温顺,产肉性能好、活动敏捷、结构紧凑、肌肉强健、肉品质优良、耐粗饲、适应性广、繁殖力和抗病力均较强等特点。文山牛是云南省一个地方良种,种质资源保护刻不容缓。     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

Concentrations of strontium,barium, cadmium,copper, zinc,manganese, chromium,antimony, selenium,and lead in the liver and kidneys of dogs according to age,gender, and the occurrence of chronic kidney disease

This study was conducted to measure the concentrations of strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), antimony (Sb), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) in canine liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla, and the association of these concentrations with age, gender, and occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Tissues from 50 dogs were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Cu, Zn, and Mn levels were highest in the liver followed by the renal cortex and renal medulla. The highest Sr, Cd, and Se concentrations were measured in the renal cortex while lower levels were found in the renal medulla and liver. Female dogs had higher tissue concentrations of Sr (liver and renal medulla), Cd (liver), Zn (liver and renal cortex), Cr (liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla), and Pb (liver) than male animals. Except for Mn and Sb, age-dependent variations were observed for all element concentrations in the canine tissues. Hepatic Cd and Cr concentrations were higher in dogs with CKD. In conclusion, the present results provide new knowledge about the storage of specific elements in canine liver and kidneys, and can be considered important reference data for diagnostic methods and further investigations.