农业部公布的禁止和限制使用的农药名单

一、国家明令禁止使用的农药（24种） 六六六，滴滴涕，毒杀芬，二溴氯丙烷，杀虫脒，二溴乙烷，除草醚，艾氏剂，狄氏剂，汞制剂，砷、铅类，敌枯双，氟乙酰胺，甘氟，毒鼠强，氟乙酸钠，毒鼠硅，甲胺磷，甲基对硫磷，对硫磷，久效磷，磷胺，氟虫腈。     

禁止在烟草上使用的农药品种（或化合物）名单

六六六，林丹，滴滴涕，滴滴滴（TDE），毒杀芬，二溴氯丙烷，杀虫脒，二溴乙烷，二氯乙烷。环氧乙烷，除草醚，艾氏剂，狄氏剂，汞制剂，砷、铅类，敌枯双，氟乙酰胺（敌蚜胺），甲胺磷，甲基对硫磷，对硫磷，久效磷，磷胺，苯硫磷，溴苯磷，速灭磷，内吸磷，八甲磷，     

马铃薯甲虫在我国及周边地区适生地的初步预测

采用计算机气候分析系统和生物气候图的方法，对马铃薯甲虫Ｌｅｐｔｉｎｏｔａｒｓａｄｅｃｅｍｉｌｉｎｅａｔａ（Ｓａｙ）在我国及周边地区的适生进行了初步的预测。在我国，其可能适生地主要分布于黑龙江，吉林，辽宁，内蒙大部，北京，天津，河北，山西，陕西，山东，河南，安徽，江苏，上海，湖北，湖南，四川 贵州，云南，广西，江西，福建，广东，海南，台湾，西藏东部，新疆的乌鲁木齐，伊宁，塔城和喀什的部分地区。我国周     

香蕉穿孔线虫研究概况（一）

本文综述了香蕉穿孔线虫Ｒａｄｏｐｈｏｌｕｓ ｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ（Ｃｏｂｂ，１８９３）Ｔｈｏｒｎｅ，１９４９的发生历史，地理分布，经济危害性，形态特征，生物学特征，为害状，传播途径，寄主，寿命，生态学，生理小种，检验鉴定和防治的研究。     

陕西省夏玉米田杂草发生及防治策略

选择有代表性的110余块玉米田，进行杂草调查，结果表明陕西省夏玉米田杂草有30余种，隶属15科，其中禾本科8种，菊科5种，大戟科，旋花科，藜科各2种，莎草科，马齿苋科，锦葵科，苋科，蒺藜科，茄科，木贼科，唇形科，酢浆草科，蓼科各1种，夏玉米田杂草优势种为马唐，狗尾草，铁苋菜，个别地方莎草相当严重，已成为玉米田内以难以根除的恶性杂草，玉米田杂草播的10－15d是出草高峰期，也是进行化学除草的关键时期，应采取以农业防除为基础，以化学防除为主导的防除策略。     

黑龙江口岸对进境俄罗斯木材虫情调查与检疫

黑龙江口岸对进境俄罗斯木材虫情调查与检疫于洪喜，徐贵升，杨宝胜，郑超，王正琪，张惠耕，李文举，吴连刚，齐俊杰，颜炳德，刘晓军，刘建松，聂文革，陈波，张崇杰１９８９年以来，中俄贸易飞速发展，从俄罗斯进境的木材量大幅度增加，且树种杂（仅１９８９年进境木材...     

恶草酮在液相中的光化学降解研究

以高压汞灯为光源，研究了恶草酮在环己烷，甲醇，乙腈，丙酮及水溶液中的光化学降解，结果表明，在环己烷，甲醇，乙腈，水中，恶草酮光隆解效应显，其半衰期分别为4．45，15．34，57．58，54．69min；恶草酮在丙酮溶剂中降解缓慢，半衰期为293．83min，丙酮对恶草酮在水中的光解有显的光敏作用，光敏效应与丙酮的量显相关，光敏效率最高达95．84％。     

果树再植病的综合防治

随着果树矮化密植集约化栽培的发展，新的优良矮化品种（短枝型品种）不断育成，以适应国际果品市场的需要。果树更新品种时，为了节约土地，一般都利用老果园重新栽植新品种。但在重栽果树时，栽植成活率极低，仅能达到５０％左右。成活的果树植株矮小，生长衰弱，生长量极小，重茬苹果树生长量可减少３０．２７％，重茬桃可减少３７．８％，前茬桃重茬杏，也会减少生长量３１．１％，李减少２３．９％。枝条细短，叶片小，失绿，早落叶。根系发育不正常，呈暗褐色，细根少，活性低，很尖枯黑。结果少，产量低，果实品质差，抗性降低，树势…     

防治红蜘蛛歌诀

防治红蜘蛛歌诀小小红蜘蛛，千万莫轻视，一年数十代，繁殖无其数，别看个体小，危害可惊奇，轻则减点产，重则无收人，棉苗一出土，进田把叶食，吸取棉花汁，红叶枯落地。初害黄白斑，自下往上移，小暑南风到，扩散增繁殖，高温越干旱，传播更有利。要想减危害，插标早防...     

宁南半干旱—半干旱偏旱区农业气候特征分析

根据西吉，海原和固原县的气象，水文资料，分析了宁南半干旱－半干旱偏旱区的农业气候特征。认为该区光能资源丰富，长冬短夏，热量资源较少，日较关大，积温有效性高；降水少，年际变化大，季节分配不均，春夏干旱频繁；光，热资源北多南少，降水资源南多北少，光，热，水资源匹配不佳，资源的有效性差；生态环境脆弱，气象灾害多，频率高等是本区主要的农业气候特征。     

Changes in agronomic practices and incidence and severity of diseases in winter wheat in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019

In continuation of the annual national surveys of winter wheat, which began in 1970, samples from between 250 and 350 randomly selected wheat crops in England and Wales between 1999 to 2019 were visually assessed for disease symptoms during the milky ripe development stages (GS 73–75). Septoria tritici blotch was the most prevalent and severe foliar disease each year, although annual levels fluctuated considerably and there was no overall significant change over the two decades. Incidence of brown rust, yellow rust, take-all, and barley yellow dwarf virus also showed no significant overall change during the survey period, whereas glume blotch, powdery mildew, eyespot, and sharp eyespot all showed significant decline. Fusarium ear blight has significantly increased in both incidence and severity, causing a serious epidemic in 2012, when 96% of crops were affected. Tan spot has been the third most prevalent foliar disease since 2009 although severity is still very low. Regional disease levels were consistent over the two decades, providing reliable baselines to measure changes in seasonal disease severity. There were significant changes in agronomic practice with a rise to predominance of minimum tillage over the use of ploughing, decreases in overall disease susceptibility of cultivars grown, a major increase in the use of oilseed rape in the rotation and a long-term trend towards earlier sowing. Fungicide use increased considerably, with over 98% crops sprayed and an average of 3.5 applications made per crop each year since 2014. Implications of changes over the last 21 years are discussed.     

吡虫啉和百菌清在设施内外葫芦和黄瓜中的残留特性比较

采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱法,分别研究了吡虫啉和百菌清在薄膜大棚设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中消解动态及其在葫芦和黄瓜中的残留量,并结合气象因子对产生残留差异的原因进行了分析。样品中的吡虫啉经乙腈和盐酸溶液提取,中性氧化铝和弗罗里硅土层析柱净化后,用高效液相色谱检测;百菌清经乙腈提取,中性氧化铝层析柱净化后,用气相色谱检测。结果表明:吡虫啉在设施内外葫芦叶和黄瓜中均消解迅速,施药7 d后,其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为90.4%和98.7%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为67.8%和85.9%;而百菌清在葫芦叶上的消解速率均比在黄瓜中的稍慢,施药7 d后其在设施内外葫芦叶上的消解率分别为15.4%和38.1%,在黄瓜中的消解率分别为87.8%和91.5%。表明2种农药在设施外2种蔬菜上的消解速率均快于设施内的。两种农药均是在设施外葫芦及黄瓜中的残留量低于设施内的,而降雨和光照强度可能是引起农药在设施内外蔬菜上残留差异的主要因子。     

中国的沙暴、尘暴及其防治

沙尘暴在进入 90年代以来有进一步加剧趋势 ,其原因在于此期我国西北地区气候干暖化态势明显 ,人类超负荷开发资源加剧 ,从而导致沙尘暴的频繁发生 ,但总体上仍属于正常的灾害现象。我国沙暴只能发生于干旱半干旱区 ,尘暴则可波及半湿润与湿润区 ,由此而论 ,北京的沙尘暴属于尘暴范畴 ,北京不会形成沙漠区。防治沙尘暴必须采取水、土、植被综合防治措施 ,基本对策是 :1 .搞好流域为单元的水土资源合理利用规划 ,进行水土保持综合防治 ;2 .增加地表植被复盖 ,搞好防护林体系建设 ;3 .减轻土地利用强度 ,恢复提高土地抗蚀能力 ;4.加强管理体系建设 ,依法建设生态环境。建议国家设立水土保持为主要职能的生态环境建设委员会 ,统一协调布署我国的生态环境建设工作。     

Plant-pathogen interactions of sunflower and Macrophomina phaseolina in vitro and in vivo

The relative pathogenicity of isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina was comparable both on sunflower tissue cultures and on mature plants and seedlings. The relative susceptibility of the different sunflower lines in vitro showed a similar pattern for cotyledon callus cultures, but not for immature embryo cultures. Although these protocols appear to be unsuitable for the selection of novel disease resistance, they do offer the potential for a rapid, non-destructive screen for resistant material.     

2017年与2014年西安极端高温天气及其环流特征对比分析

借助观测资料与FNL全球分析资料,对比研究2017年与2014年西安高温天气基本特征与有利环流形势,结果表明：① 2 a西安均发生了40 ℃以上的长时间持续高温天气,其中2014年属于常规高温年份,而2017年西安高温则提前1个月发生,高温的提前发生主要是因为南亚高压强于正常年份同期强度;② 不同于我国南方地区的闷湿高温,西安高温属于干性高温,且昼夜温差较小,由此造成24 h对人体的不适;③ 详细描述了西安高温发生的典型环流特征,即南亚高压与西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）同时增强,并在对流层中高层相互贯通;④ 南亚高压是影响我国西北地区的主要热源基地,在较大经向度的有利环流背景下,强风速可将热气团向南向东深度输送至下游地区（即西安）;⑤ 在“上辐合、下辐散”的散度场配置下,西安500 hPa以下高空维持明显的下沉气流,加之有利的局部要素相配合,最终造成该地区高温天气的发生。     

Trends and expectations for research and technology in weed science in Thailand

There are many possible ways to improve the economic crisis in Thailand, and it is agreed that development of agricultural production is ideal for improving the economic situation in an agricultural country such as Thailand. A strategic plan for agricultural and agro‐industry research is included in the national research agenda and can be classified into nine groups covering different research areas. Most research is based on the agricultural production of four main product groups: (i) crops; (ii) aquatic animals/plants and fisheries products; (iii) poultry, livestock and animal products; and (iv) forest resources. Trends in research and development in weed management for crop production will continue to support the food demands and the development of efficient production of quality products.     

Pesticide residues in soil and foodstuff I. Chlorinated pesticides in cattle feed and milk produced in orchard and non-orchard areas

Milk, hay and silage produced in orchard and non-orchard areas have been analysed for their content of chlorinated pesticides. The residue levels in milk produced in orchard areas were about double those in milk produced in non-orchard areas. The levels in hay were much higher (30% up to sevenfold) in the hay produced in orchard areas and the levels in silage from the two areas showed small differences. Milk collected after cattle had been grazing in an orchard for 3 to 4 days contained 10% more pp′-DDT and 2-, 3-, 7- and 15-fold morepp′-DDE, pp′-TDE and heptachlor epoxide, gamma-BHC and pp′-TDE olefin [1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene], respectively, than did the samples collected one day before the cattle grazed in the orchard.     

Comparative ecophysiology of grain sorghum and Abutilon theophrasti in monoculture and in mixture

Selection of crop genotypes that are more competitive with weeds for light interception may improve crop yield stability in the presence of weeds. The effects of interference on ecophysiological characteristics of Abutilon theophrasti Medic. and three morphologically diverse grain sorghum hybrids was evaluated to determine the relative tolerance and suppressive ability of the three hybrids and specific traits that may contribute to those differences. A tall hybrid was more tolerant to A. theophrasti interference than two medium stature hybrids. Early leaf area growth of two medium-stature sorghum hybrids was reduced by A. theophrasti interference, whereas early growth of a tall hybrid was unaffected. The height of A. theophrasti was greater than two moderate-stature hybrids but lower than the tall hybrid. Greatest leaf area density (L_D) of the tall sorghum hybrid was above that of A. theophrasti , whereas greatest L_D of medium-stature hybrids was below that of the weed. In monoculture, the partitioning of new biomass to various plant organs was similar among sorghum hybrids, whereas the tall sorghum hybrid partitioned less biomass to leaves and more to stems than medium hybrids in mixture. The results indicate that the three hybrids differ in their susceptibility to A. theophrasti competition. Crop traits that may contribute to greater crop competitiveness include greater maximum height and its growth rate and greater height of maximum leaf area distribution.