保色干花是怎样制作的?

过去制作干花,是将鲜花枝埋在硅胶或干燥的细沙中,脱水后放在密封瓶中保存,这样的干花,叶、花瓣容易破碎,也容易变色和皱折。最新保色干花制作用水、粘合剂、明矾等配制的保鲜剂,喷布在花枝上,这种立体干花,始终保持原色,便于长期保存。     

持久不凋的干花

干花亦称干燥花,顾名思义是经过干燥处理的花朵。不过,目前国内外市场上所见的干花种类繁多,已不局限于“花”,诸如豆类植物干枯的豆荚,松柏类植物的毯果,各种干燥后可供插花用的果实、叶片、叶鞘、花萼等均有。如果再加上炮制及组合技巧创制出来的特殊花材,真是数也数不清了。若施以脱色、染色技术的运用,更会使干花脱离单调乏味的色彩,成为色彩缤纷、瑰丽多变的五彩世界。     

有问有答

问贵州黔西南农校阳山同志来信说:一次我访问朋友家,看到一种“干花”,花置瓶中已数月之久,色彩仍十分艳丽,且芳香怡人。贵刊创刊号上也介绍过它,请问它是怎样做成的?答所谓“干花”,是用脱水技术处理后制成的。制作和保存技术分为两个步骤:第一步,固定。有冰冻干燥、真空脱水和硅胶固定     

干花制作 国外手工制作干花的方法(之一)

干花既保持花卉本身的自然形态,又能持久不凋,越来越受到人们的欢迎。在国外,不少花卉爱好者都在家中自己制作干花,并插摆成各种干花艺术品,用以美化点缀居室和庭院。手工制作干花的方法很多,但无论采取哪种方法,使用何种植物材料,都要首先把握以下几点要领:①由于制成的干花枝一般都质地娇     

新型压花艺术品制作

正压花艺术是以植物叶片、花瓣、果实、茎干、枝皮、根皮等为材料,经过脱水、保色、压制和干燥等一系列物理、化学方法处理,把植物材料制作成平面花材,再经过巧妙构思,制作成精美的装饰画。目前,压花艺术已在现代生活中随处可见。传统压花画制作植物材料采集与处理适合制作压花的植物种类繁多,乔木、灌木、草本、     

插花花材如何处理

一、花材的采撷花材是插花的重要组成部分。自然界中可供插花的植物材料很广泛,不论是草本植物还是木本植物,也不论是栽培的还是野生的,只要是具有一定观赏价值的花、叶、枝、果、根等,都可以作为插花材料。如何选择花材?①要了解花材本身具有的特征。哪些花材具有自然流畅的线条美或弯曲的动态美,     

花艺·画意·押花魅力——押花艺术的由来……

很早以前，植物学家为了能长久地保存所采集的植物，便以干燥压榨法把它们制作成标本，既便于存放也保持了植物的自然形态。那些标本就是最最原始的押花。     

优良的插花材料——芦竹花序

芦竹(Arundo donax)的花序是很好的插花材料。在北京地区芦竹于9月中、下旬抽出庞大、丰满的圆锥花序,向阳的一面呈浅紫色,长达60～100cm。花序初展开时可以用作鲜切花,制作大型的花艺作品;当花序抽出约5/6时剪下,室温下使其自然干燥,则小花展开,露出银白色的柔毛,可以用作干花     

龙柳栽植技术及干花制作工艺

龙柳为杨柳科柳属落叶小乔木或灌木,因枝干自然弯曲,被制作成天然干花艺术品出口创汇。     

家庭干花制作

许多花草都可以通过干燥,变成独具魅力的干花。干燥的方法很多,关键是要针对不同的植物加以选择。下面介绍几种适用于家庭的干燥方法:     

苯扎溴铵预处理对切花菊保鲜的影响初探

为防止Ag+污染环境,开发适宜于切花菊运输前的不含Ag+的预处理剂及预处理方法十分必要。笔者用不同浓度(0~2000 ml/L)无银杀菌剂——苯扎溴铵对切花菊‘神马’的鲜切花进行了不同时间(0~24h)的预处理,然后插入盛有自来水的瓶内,放在温度为20~25℃室内,调查保鲜效果。与其他预处理相比,在100 ml/L溶液预处理3h,瓶插后鲜重一直呈缓慢上升趋势;6d后,极少数叶片发生萎蔫,叶片黄化速度也很缓慢,约90％的叶片12d后还可以保持新鲜;花蕾开放速度也缓慢,15d后仅有50％的花蕾开花,且花瓣挺阔,无枯萎迹象,而且茎干挺直,不弯颈;保鲜效果明显高于其他的预处理。由此可见,使用100 ml/L的苯扎溴铵溶液对菊花鲜切花进行3h的预处理,对其贮运有良好的保鲜效果。     

冷冻干燥联合微波干燥对枇杷花茶品质的影响

为研究冷冻干燥联合微波干燥对枇杷花茶品质的影响,采用真空冷冻干燥(VFD)、微波干燥(MVD)和真空冷冻联合微波干燥(VFMVD)对枇杷花进行干燥,测定不同干燥工艺下枇杷花茶的复水比、总黄酮含量、总三萜含量和感官品质。结果表明:采用VFMVD干燥的产品,其复水比高于MVD,低于VFD;VFMVD干燥后总黄酮、总三萜含量高于MVD,低于VFD,但感官评价得分高于VFD。该研究表明,VFMVD是一种有效结合MVD和VFD优点的干燥技术,在枇杷花干燥上具有较好的应用前景。     

牡丹切花保鲜技术研究进展

近年来,随着中国古典插花的兴起,牡丹切花保鲜技术取得了一定进展。本文主要从牡丹切花的品种选择、适宜采收期、贮藏和化学保鲜技术的研究进展等方面进行了综述,分析了制约牡丹切花发展的主要问题,提出牡丹切花今后应重点研究的主要方向。     

The genetic variability of the yield components in the Kenyan pyrethrum population

Summary Pyrethrum is grown for the insecticidal pyrethrins, extracted from the dried and ground flowers. It is a cross-fertilizing, self-incompatible perennial plant, which can be propagated vegetatively.The genetic variation of several, commercially important, characteristics was studied. The range of observed variation is very wide for fresh flower yield, flower size, number of flowers per stem, pyrethrins content, lodging resistance and the Pyrethrins I/Pyrethrins II ratio, and quite narrow for the dry matter content of the flowers. Populations to select from are obtained by crossing two (single crosses) or more clones (polycrosses). The genotypic variation of two single and one polycross (42 clones) was studied. The single crosses showed, for the three characteristics measured, pyrethrins content, flower size and Py. I/Py. II ratio, a considerable transgression. The progeny means were very similar to the mid-parent values. This indicates a polygenic inheritance for these traits. The variation of the polycross for these three traits was not greater than those of the two single crosses, suggesting a very high level of heterozygosity in the parental clones. It is in fact possible to reconstitute a large part of the genotypic variation observed in Kenya from only a very few single crosses. In view of the selection relationships between traits were investigated. Flower size appeared negatively related to dry matter content of the flowers and to flower yield. A suspected negative relation between flower yield and pyrethrins content could not be confirmed. The results indicate, that large genetic improvements are possible in a fairly short time.     

不同抗蒸腾剂对月季切花保鲜的影响

本文对几种抗蒸腾剂应用于月季切花保鲜的保鲜效果进行了研究,结果表明：抗蒸腾剂Vaporgard稀释至1：70浓度后喷洒在月季切花表面,可延长月季切花的保鲜期;抗蒸腾剂wiltpruf易导致白色花系的月季切花产生花朵变色,因而不适用于白色花系的月季切花保鲜;在实验设定的浓度内,抗蒸腾剂Transfilm未找寻到合适的适用于月季切花保鲜的浓度,其最适浓度有待下一步继续实验确定;外源ABA做为月季切花保鲜剂使用时,其最佳的喷施浓度为0.01g/L。     

‘V3’蝴蝶兰叶片性状与开花性状的相关性研究

为了阐明蝴蝶兰叶片性状与开花性状之间的关系,建立一个通用外观质量鉴定标准。以未抽梗蝴蝶兰为试材,调查蝴蝶兰叶片的长、宽、厚、叶面积等叶片性状,然后对抽梗开花后的花朵数等6 个花朵性状进行调查,并采用Excel 2017 和SPSS 19.0 等软件对其进行相关性分析。结果表明：‘V3’蝴蝶兰叶片性状与开花后花朵的性状品质具有高度的相关性。第一、第二、第三叶片长度与花朵直径具有显著的相关性关系,相关性系数分别达到0.552、0.236、0.167。第一、第二、第三叶片长度至少需要达到20.2、17.8、13.6 cm时,推测抽梗后花朵直径大于7.1 cm、花瓣厚度大于1.12 mm。即前3 片成熟叶片长度较大者,可预期未来花朵数较多、花直径较大,具有较高品质的开花性状。利用这个简易的叶片性状,可以有效预测未来花朵的品质,为筛选植株幼苗提供一个简单易行的方法。     

Effects of different temperatures on stalk development,flowering habit,and sex expression in the carrot Daucus carota L.

The effect of temperature on flower stalk development, flowering habit and sex expression in the carrot cultivar Amsterdam Forcing has been studied at 26°, 20° and 14°C. At the higher temperatures the growth rate of the vegetative frame of the plants was higher, but the ultimate size which they reached was smaller. Flowering was earlier at the higher temperatures. The number of umbels produced was greater at the higher temperatures, but their quality, as expressed in number of umbellets per umbel and number of flowers per umbellet, was better at the lower temperatures. At 14°C the ratio of hermaphroditic to male flowers was a little more in favour of the hermaphroditic flowers than at the higher temperatures; in the 3rd (or) 4th order umbels it was less so than in the earlier or later order umbels; in the 1 st position umbels it was more so than in the umbels of all later positions. While fertility of the male flowers was distinctly lowered by high temperatures, that of the hermaphroditic flowers was not significantly affected.     

非洲菊切花水分平衡、鲜重变化和瓶插寿命的关系探究

为提高瓶插非洲菊切花的品质,延长瓶插寿命,研究了不同配方保鲜液处理的非洲菊切花的水分平衡、鲜重变化、鲜重变化率和瓶插寿命各指标的变化规律及其关系。结果表明,处理2(蒸馏水+30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L 8-HQ+150 mg/L CA+75 mg/L KH2PO4)、处理3(蒸馏水+30 g/L蔗糖+200 mg/L8-HQ+150 mg/L CA+50 mg/L NaHPO4.2H2O)的保鲜剂配方保鲜效果为好,尤以处理2配方的保鲜效果最佳,瓶插寿命是对照(蒸馏水处理)的2.4倍,达到12 d以上。处理2、3非洲菊切花的瓶插寿命与水分平衡值、鲜重变化率分别呈线性和多项式回归关系,二者的水分平衡值与瓶插寿命的相关系数分别为R=0.984 5和R=0.989 5,鲜重变化率与瓶插寿命的相关系数分别为R=0.994 3和R=0.995 5;处理2、3分别在4.351、4.247 d时的水分平衡值为0,在6.633、6.526 d时切花花枝占最初的质量百分数为100%,这些参数为非洲菊切花的瓶插保鲜提供了重要的理论依据。     

Self-seed production by CO2 gas treatment in self-incompatible cabbage

Summary An adequate number of self-seeds was obtained in self-incompatible cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) when CO₂ gas was supplied to flowers after self-pollination. A strain, which set 0.2 self-seeds per flower in the ambient air condition, set over 10 self-seeds per flower when treated with 3.6–5.9% CO₂ for 5 h. In a strain with weaker self-incompatibility, a 4 h treatment with 1.4% CO₂ was still effective.Seed set in bud-pollination was also enhanced by applying CO₂. This method is so simple that it may be used for practical self-seed production in Brassica vegetables.     

羧甲基壳聚糖和纳米银对芍药切花观赏品质及生理特性的影响

以芍药切花为试材,以蒸馏水为对照(CK1),3％蔗糖+200 mg/L柠檬酸+25 mg/L水杨酸为基本瓶插液(CK2),探索在基本瓶插液中添加200 mg/L羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)和20 mg/L纳米银(NS)对芍药切花瓶插品质及采后生理的影响.结果表明:两种药剂均可改善切花水分平衡状态,提升观赏品质.与对照(CK1)相比,CMCS和NS处理芍药切花最大花径分别增加2.17 cm、3.19 cm,瓶插寿命分别延长3.01 d、4.26 d,最佳观赏期分别延长1.87 d、2.75 d.两种杀菌剂对芍药切花生理特性的调控作用相似,均提高了芍药切花花瓣的可溶性蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等保护酶活性,降低了相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)及游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量,其中20 mg/L NS处理的保鲜效果最好.