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蓝舌病为OIE规定的需通报疫病,我国将其列为一类动物疫病。该病已经给全球大部分流行地区造成巨大经济损失。我国于1979年首次证明该病存在,且在我国流行初期即造成大量易感动物死亡,给我国畜牧业带来了重大经济损失。但蓝舌病在我国仍属冷门研究方向,我国到底分离鉴定出多少个血清型的蓝舌病病毒,该病在我国的分布范围到底有多广?许多畜牧兽医工作者对这些问题并不是非常清楚。特别是在近年来鲜有蓝舌病引起动物发病死亡报道的前提下,人们对蓝舌病的重视程度进一步降低。本文对蓝舌病在全球的流行概况进行简要阐述,同时,对蓝舌病在我国40年的流行情况进行回顾,希望该病在我国能够得到足够的重视。 相似文献
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西尼罗热是人兽共患虫媒病,1937年首发于非洲乌干达,1990年代前主要呈散发或小规模流行,1999年传入美国首次进入西半球后,短短几年扩散至全美,其暴发流行引起了人们极大关注。近20年该病在世界各国频频暴发,造成人、马、鸟类的大量感染及死亡,严重威胁人类和动物的健康及生命安全,为此被世界卫生组织(WHO)列为全球重大流行病之一。本文对该病的病原特性、血清型和基因型、宿主、传播媒介、传播方式、临床表现、发病率和病死率、流行季节、诊断方法、疫苗和药物等方面进行了简单介绍,对国内外疫情形势及我国的传入传播风险进行了分析,并提出了该病的防控应对措施,以期为我国科学防控该病提供依据。 相似文献
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2010年4-10月份,我国安徽省首次报道部分蛋鸭场发生一种以产蛋率严重下降为主要特征的传染病以来,农业部人畜共患病重点开放实验室对该病进行了病原分离鉴定,确诊为鸭黄病毒感染,并根据黄病毒命名的通行规则,参照病毒分离地点,将其命名为黄病毒(BYD病毒),公布了鸭黄病毒感染在我国的发生与流行情况。随后国内部分地区对该病从病原学、流行病学、临床病理学及其危害等方面展开了相关研究,表明在我国各主要养鸭省(区)市,如浙江、福建、山东、广西、广东、江西、江苏、河南、河北、北京等的生产蛋鸭群中均有该病的广泛发生与流行,给我国养鸭产业造成了较大损失。 相似文献
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牛传染性胸膜肺炎是由丝状支原体亚种引起的严重牛科动物传染性疾病,是WOAH规定必须报道的重要传染病之一,属我国一类动物疫病。该病于20世纪初传入我国并在我国多个地区暴发流行,导致大量牛只死亡,相关产品的出口贸易受到严重影响,经济损失惨重。1996年我国宣布消灭该疾病,但直至2011年才获WOAH认可为无CBPP国家。目前该病在非洲、拉丁美洲等地区频发,严重影响当地农牧业发展,造成巨大经济损失;近年来该病在我国周边国家仍有报道,具有再次传入我国的风险。我国对牛传染性胸膜肺炎的研究分析工作与国外相比较晚、较少,该文结合国内外的研究进展,从牛传染性胸膜肺炎的病原学特征、流行病学特点、致病机制、临床特征、检测与诊断等方面进行系统阐述,并结合疫病发病机理和流行特点提出了防控建议,以期为我国牛传染性胸膜肺炎的深入研究、监测防控及预警提供参考。 相似文献
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为了有效地监督和控制牛病毒性腹泻病(BVD),对我国范围内该病的流行及危害情况进行了总结,分析了防控现状,并提出相应的改进建议,以期为有效监督和控制该病提供参考。 相似文献
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猪细小病毒是1966年首先由Mayr和Mahnel发现。1967年,在英国首次分离出了细小病毒。随后日本也证实有该病存在,我国也分离出了PPV。初步调查,80年代以来,在我国河北、上海、四川等地诊断发生该病。但1997年前,华蓥市全境并未发现类似病症状的流行。1998年下半年后,本市庆华镇左家坪村母猪养殖基地许多农户中先后发现有流产、早产、过期不产、死胎等繁殖障碍而母猪及育肥猪无任何临床症状的一种疾病,它给我市养猪业带来了很大危害。为此,我们就该病诊断、疫病流行及防制对策开展工作。1 该病流行情… 相似文献
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败血性链球菌病是猪的一种急性、热性传染病。该病在我国不少地区均有发生,有时甚至呈爆发性流行,给养猪业带来严重的经济损失。我们曾于去年初夏对苏南某猪场本病爆发进行了调查与诊断,现将有关情况总结出来,供养猪企业今后防制该病时借鉴。1流行特点和主要症状该猪场采用 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ
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S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献