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1.
Ahmad S Yaqoob M Bilal MQ Muhammad G Yang LG Khan MK Tariq M 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(1):107-112
A cross-sectional study was conducted in desert environment of Jhang (Pakistan) from November 2008 to October 2009 on she-camels
kept under pastoralist conditions to determine the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors, and isolate the dominant
mastitis-causing bacteria on total of 150 lactating she-camels by using clinical examination and surf field mastitis test.
From the 150 she-camels examined, 69 (46%) were positive for mastitis at animal level, 12 (8%) clinical, and 57 (38%) subclinical.
Age, parity number, stage of lactation, breed, production system, hygiene of milking process, and presence of lesion on udder/teat
were found significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the prevalence of mastitis in she-camels. There was the lowest prevalence (33.33%; 15 of 45) of mastitis in
she-camels of 5–7 years of age, while the highest (80%; 12 of 15) in the animals aged between 14 to 16 years. Stage of lactation
significantly affected (p < 0.05) and was found to be associated with the prevalence of mastitis being the highest (54.55%; 18 of 33) during the initial
stage of lactation (0 to 1 month) followed by last 2 months (10–12 months) as 54.17% and mid-stages (1–3 and 3–10 months)
of lactation as 28.57% (6 of 21) and 37.50% (9 of 24), respectively. According to breed of camels, it was noted that the prevalence
of mastitis affected significantly (p < 0.05) being the highest in crossbred (Desi × Mareecha) as 51.39% (37 of 72) followed in order by Mareecha and Desi as 43.14%
and 37.04%, respectively. Staphylococcus (42.19%) and Streptococcus (15.63%) genera were the dominant isolates identified. Good hygiene in milking process, milking clinically infected she-camels
at last, culling chronic mastitis carriers, treating clinically infected she-camels, and dry period therapy could reduce the
prevalence of contagious mastitis in the study area. 相似文献
2.
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of mastitis, identify the major bacterial pathogens and test the antimicrobial
resistance of milk bacterial isolates in smallholder dairy farms in Selalle area, Ethiopia. A total of 109 smallholder dairy
farms comprising 500 crossbred lactating cows were included. The prevalence of clinical mastitis at herd, cow and quarter
level was 8.3% (n = 9), 1.8% (n = 9) and 0.51% (n = 10), respectively, while that of sub-clinical mastitis was 54.7%, 22.3%
and 10.1%, respectively. The univariate logistic regression showed that among the risk factors considered, presence of teat
lesion, stage of lactation and parity number had significant effect on the prevalence of sub-clinical mastitis. However, after
multivariate analysis, only presence of teat lesion and stage of lactation had significant effect. The common isolates from
the clinical mastitic quarters were St. agalactiae (30%, n = 3) and St. dysgalactiae (30%, n = 3), while from sub-clinical cases were S. aureus (42.6%, n = 83), S. epidermidis (22.1%, n = 43), St. agalactiae (12.8%, n = 25) and St. uberis (10.3%, n = 20). Staphylococcus intermedius and Streptococcus dysgalactiae were the species, which showed high level of susceptibility for most of the antimicrobials tested, while the remaining had
varying levels of resistance for almost all the antimicrobials used. Among the antimicrobials employed, erythromycin and sulphonamide
showed the lowest proportion of resistant isolates. Considering the possible significant economic losses that could be incurred
by both clinical and sub-clinical mastitis, attention should be paid for further detailed investigations including the economic
losses and benefits of interventions in the study area. 相似文献
3.
Prevalence and major bacterial causes of bovine mastitis in Asella,South Eastern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Asella town from November 2007 to April 2008 on dairy cows to determine
the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors and isolate the dominant mastitis causing bacteria on total of 223 lactating
cows, of which 92 were indigenous Arsi, and 131 Holstein Zebu cross by using clinical examination and California mastitis
test (CMT). Of these 144 (65.6 %) were positive by clinical examination and CMT for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, with
prevalence of 26.5 % and 38 %, respectively. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) on the prevalence of mastitis between
cows kept under different hygiene of milking process. Similarly a significant difference on the prevalence of mastitis between
the two breeds (P < 0.05) was also observed. From 144 CMT and clinically positive milk samples analyzed microbiologically,
133 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and while 11 were negative. The dominant bacterial isolates in the
study animals were Staphylococcus species (41.4 %), Streptococcus species (24.8 %), and other Gram positive rods and Gram negative enteric bacteria (33.8 %). Good hygiene in milking process,
milking clinically infected cows at last, culling chronic mastitis carriers, treating clinically infected cows and dry period
therapy could reduce the prevalence of contagious mastitis in the study area. 相似文献
4.
This study was conducted to evaluate alterations in coagulation parameters in dairy cows affected with acute Escherichia coli (E. coli) mastitis and to compare those values to cows affected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus ) mastitis. Twenty-four, adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows affected with acute E. coli mastitis and 17 cows affected with S. aureus mastitis were studied. Cows affected with E. coli mastitis had significantly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) (P < 0.01), prothrombin time (PT) (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) platelets numbers. Cows with S. aureus mastitis had only significantly prolonged APTT (P < 0.05) and decreased (P < 0.05) platelet counts. In the hematology evaluation, cows affected with E. coli and those affected with S. aureus mastitis had elevated hematocrit values but only significantly (P < 0.05) so in mastitic cows caused by E. coli. Both groups of mastitic cows had significantly (P < 0.05) lower leukocyte counts. Only cows with E. coli mastitis had significantly (P < 0.05) lower neutrophil count. In the plasma biochemical evaluation, creatinine concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in both groups of cows. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was only significantly elevated in cows
affected with E. coli mastitis. Results of this study indicated that dairy cows affected with acute E. coli mastitis are more likely to develop clinical manifestations of disseminated intravascular coagulation than cows affected
with S. aureus mastitis. 相似文献
5.
The immuno therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extract of Azadirachta indica (A. indica) was studied during bovine clinical mastitis (CM). The somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), milk differential
leukocyte count (DLC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2
−) production and interleukin- 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) cytokines expression were studied before and after intramammary
infusion of A. indica extract in diseased cows. The results revealed that A. indica treatment significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the SCC, TBC, milk neutrophil percent and significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced milk lymphocyte percent, H2O2 and O2
− production by milk cells. The IL-2 and IFN-γ were expressed in normal healthy cows and diseased cows after A. indica treatment, whereas both the cytokines could not be expressed in cows treated with antibiotic and in untreated diseased cows.
The results of the present study indicated anti inflammatory, antibacterial and immunomodulatory potential of the herb, these
activities could be due to the presence of bioactive principle in the extract. This is a preliminary trial indicated beneficial
effect of the herb against bovine mastitis it can be developed as an alternative therapy where the use of antibiotics is normally
restricted. 相似文献
6.
Occurrence of mastitis and associated risk factors in lactating goats under pastoral management in Borana,Southern Ethiopia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bekele Megersa Chala Tadesse Fufa Abunna Alemayehu Regassa Berhanu Mekibib Etana Debela 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1249-1255
Mastitis prevalence and related risk factors were studied in 1,072 udder halves of 536 lactating goats from October, 2008
to February, 2009. Clinical and subclinical mastitis were prevalent in 4.3% (95% CI = 2.8, 6.5) and 11.2% (95% CI = 8.7, 14.3)
of the studied animals, respectively, resulting in an overall prevalence of 15.5% (95% CI = 12.6, 18.9). Univariate analysis
of the potential risk factors has depicted that mastitis was more prevalent in does with previous mastitis history, increased
parity, poor body conditions, increased milk production, late lactation stage, long teat, and housed goats. Furthermore, prevalence
was significantly higher (p < 0.05) during the wet period of October to November than the dry periods of January to February. No significant variations
(p > 0.05) were observed in mastitis prevalence with udder tick infestation, mixing goat with sheep and flock size. With multivariable
analysis, lactation stage, teat length, body condition, and season (wet months) have showed significant association with mastitis
prevalence, and these factors maintained significant in the stepwise elimination of multivariable logistic regression model.
As a result, does in late stage of lactation (OR = 4.3, 1.8, 10.4), poor body condition (OR = 5.0, 1.7, 10.0), long teats
(OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1, 4.2) and does examined in wet period were at higher risk of udder infections than early lactation,
good body condition, short teat, and examined in dry period, respectively. The study showed occurrence of mastitis and associated
risk factors in studied goats, which suggests the need for control intervention. Further investigations into pathogens involved
in goat mastitis will optimize our knowledge of causative agents and control interventions. 相似文献
7.
Enhancement of the diseased mammary gland immunity and therapeutic potential of hydro-methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia; stem) in bovine subclinical mastitis was investigated. Somatic cell count (SCC), total bacterial count (TBC), phagocytic
activity, and leukocyte lysosomal enzymes like myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase activity and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) level
were evaluated after intramammary infusion of hydro-methanolic extract (stem) of T.cordifolia in diseased cows. The qualitative analysis of the extract revealed the presence of polysaccharide, phenol, alkaloid, and
protein. Intramammary infusion of hydro-methanolic extract of T. cordifolia treatment initially enhanced the SCC; thereafter, significant reduction in cell count (P < 0.05) was observed on day 15 of the treatment period, however, reduction in TBC was observed from day 3 onwards. The phagocytic
activity of milk polymorphonuclear cells enhanced in the diseased cows treated with the T. cordifolia extract. Similarly, the lysosomal enzyme content of the milk polymorphonuclear cells enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) in diseased cows treated with T. cordifolia. The IL-8 level in milk serum also increased significantly (P < 0.05) in diseased cows treated with the herb extract. The results suggest that the hydro-methanolic extract of T.cordifolia (stem) possesses antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties. In the present study, the biological activity of the Tinospora cordifolia extract at standardized dose against bovine subclinical mastitis is reported for the first time. Development of alternative
therapy with medicinal plants is an option for livestock farmers who are not allowed to use the conventional allopathic drugs
under certain farming system or cannot afford to use allopathic drugs. 相似文献
8.
Hajime Nagahata Takuma Mukai Yo Natsume Miyuki Okuda Tatsuya Ando Keiichi Hisaeda Satoshi Gondaira Hidetoshi Higuchi 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
The present study assessed the effects of intramammary infusion of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve) on mastitis‐causing pathogens and on the somatic cell counts (SCC) in lactating cows with chronic subclinical mastitis. The bacteriological cure rates of 42 quarters from 42 cows infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Corynebacterium bovis, coagulase‐negative staphylococci, and environmental streptococci were 18.2% (2/11), 14.3% (1/7), 58.8% (10/17), and 28.6% (2/7), respectively, on day 14 after B. breve infusion. In a second trial, B. breve was infused into 18 quarters from 18 cows with chronic subclinical mastitis from which pathogens had not been isolated; the rates of quarters showing SCC > 50 × 104 cells/ml prior to B. breve infusion that decreased to < 30 × 104 cells/ml after infusion were significantly (p < .01) increased to 61.1% (11/18) on day 14 compared to that prior to infusion (0/18). The intramammary infusion of B. breve appears to be a non‐antibiotic approach for elimination of minor pathogens and decreasing SCC in quarters with chronic subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. 相似文献
9.
10.
Wondwosen Alemu Solomon Melaku Adugna Tolera 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(4):623-631
A digestibility, feed intake, and carcass evaluation experiment using 20 yearling intact male Sidama goats weighing 16.4 ± 0.63 kg
(mean ± SD) was conducted in Ethiopia with the objectives to determine feed intake, digestibility, body weight (BW) gain,
and carcass parameters. The treatments included feeding natural pasture hay (T1, control) and supplementation with cottonseed
cake (284 g—T2), linseed cake (250 g—T3), and noug seed cake (296 g—T4) on dry matter (DM) basis to supply 85 g crude protein
(CP) per head per day. Randomized complete block design for feed intake and BW parameters and complete randomized design for
digestibility and carcass parameters were used. Hay DM intake was higher (P < 0.01) for T1 than for the other treatments. T3 promoted higher (P < 0.01) DM (29.3 g/kg W0.75/day) and CP (14.1 g/kg W0.75/day) intake than T4 (8.9 g/kg W0.75/day DM and 4.1 g/kg W0.75/day CP). T3 showed better (P < 0.05) organic matter and CP digestibility than T2. Goats in T3 had higher nitrogen intake (P < 0.01) and retention (P < 0.05) than those in T1. Goats in T2 and T3 showed higher (P < 0.05) daily BW gain and final BW than those in T4 and T1. Goats in T2 and T3 had higher (P < 0.05) slaughter weight, empty BW, hot carcass weight, rib-eye muscle area, and dressing percentage on slaughter weight
basis than those in T1. The results showed that T2 and T3 had similar effect on CP intake, daily BW gain, and carcass parameters
for growing Sidama goats fed natural pasture hay. 相似文献
11.
Wongkaweewit K Prommachart P Raksasub R Buranaamnuay K Techakumphu M De Rensis F Tummaruk P 《Tropical animal health and production》2012,44(3):467-470
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the control of ovulation by the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin
(hCG) or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the onset of estrus. Thirty-three multiparous sows housed under tropical
conditions and showing standing estrus within 5 days after weaning were included. The sows were allocated to three groups,
spontaneous ovulation (control group, n = 10), induced ovulation using 750 IU hCG (hCG group, n = 10), and induced ovulation using 50 μg GnRH (GnRH group, n = 13). The hormones were given at the onset of estrus and the occurrence of ovulation was monitored every 6 h by transrectal
ultrasonography. Data for weaning-to-estrus interval, onset of estrus-to-ovulation interval (EOI), and the length of estrus
were recorded. All sows in the control and hCG groups ovulated, while 3 out of 13 sows treated with GnRH developed cystic
ovaries (did not ovulate). Of those sows ovulating, the EOI of the hCG (40.2 ± 1.7 h) and GnRH (37.5 ± 3.3 h) groups were
shorter than that of the control group (63.6 ± 9.6 h; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of either hCG or GnRH at the onset of estrus can control time of ovulation but,
at the dose employed, sows receiving GnRH may develop ovarian cysts. 相似文献
12.
Namazi F Namavari MM Rahimi E Lotfi M Tahamtan Y 《Veterinary research communications》2011,35(7):425-431
The Apicomplexan parasite Besnoitia caprae infects wild and domestic goats. Knowledge on Besnoitia caprae specially an optimized animal model is sparse. Experimental infections with tachyzoites of BC-Pars obtained from BALB/c mice
were conducted in outbred mice to determine the infectivity and LD50 of Besnoitia caprae. Six groups of five mice were intraperitoneally infected with 12.5 × 103, 25 × 103, 5 × 104, 1 × 105 and 2 × 105 tachyzoites and a control inoculum of DMEM, respectively. Although morbidity and mortality were observed in all groups, two
mice in the 12.5 × 103 group showed alopecia and skin lesions on 60 days post-infection (DPI). Histopathological and molecular examination of skins
confirmed B. caprae infection. The LD50 was calculated as 25 × 103.2 tachyzoites per mouse. The results indicate that outbred BALB/c mice can be used as a suitable model of besnoitiosis and
to screen candidate treatments and to test the efficacy of vaccines for besnoitiosis. 相似文献
13.
Baljinder Kumar Bansal Navdeep S. Bajwa S. S. Randhawa Rakesh Ranjan P. S. Dhaliwal 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):323-329
Elimination of erythromycin in milk following intramammary therapy of specific mastitis in cows was studied. Five cows received
therapy in one quarter (G1), and eight in two quarters with five milked twice (G2) and three thrice a day (G3). Dose infused
was 300 mg/quarter 12 h × 5 times. The drug concentrations in milk were determined using microbial assay technique with Micrococcus luteus as the test organism. Considerable variations occurred in the excretion of drug; levels for treated quarters being 8.25 to
37.61 μg/ml at first milking that declined rapidly at 24 h and no drug activity was observed beyond 36 h post treatment. In
total, about 6–25% of the last infused dose appeared in the milk. Drug crossed to 1/15 quarter (G1), 6/10 quarters (G2) and
all the six untreated quarters (G3). Crossover levels were significantly higher in mastitic quarters and for G3 cows, but
duration of excretion remained same in all cases. It seems that crossover of erythromycin to untreated quarters is related
to the udder health and dose infused. 相似文献
14.
Bhakat M Mohanty TK Raina VS Gupta AK Khan HM Mahapatra RK Sarkar M 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1161-1168
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of season, period, age, bull, and ejaculate on semen quality in Sahiwal
bulls. Semen production records from 1996 to 2006 of 5,483 ejaculates from 46 Sahiwal bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding
Complex, NDRI, Karnal, India were analyzed using least square analysis of variance by LSML software package. The overall least
squares means of ejaculate volume (VOL), total volume per day (VOLD), mass activity (MA), initial motility (IM), sperm concentration
per ml (SPC), and sperm concentration per ejaculate (SPCE) were 3.79 ± 0.02 ml, 5.81 ± 0.06 ml, 2.32 ± 0.01, 55.47 ± 0.001%,
766.69 ± 5.50 × 106/ml and 3023.25 ± 30.15 × 106, respectively. All semen traits (VOL, VOLD, MA, IM and SPCE) were significantly (P < 0.01) affected by age groups, season and period, whereas season had significant effect on VOL at 5% level. During hot-humid
season, highest value of VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE were observed followed by summer and cold season. Highest value
of VOL, VOLD, IM, and SPCE were observed during period-3 (2004–2006), whereas highest value of MA and SPC were observed during
period-1 (1996–1999). However, lowest magnitude of MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE during period-2 (2000–2003) was observed. Ejaculate
characteristics like VOL, VOLD, and SPCE increased with the increasing age of bull up to 5 years and then decreased. Significant
(P < 0.01) bull to bull variation was found in VOL, VOLD, MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE traits. First ejaculate had significantly (P < 0.01) higher MA, IM, SPC, and SPCE. Hence, it could be concluded that during rainy season and period-1 and period-3 the
quality of semen is quantitatively and qualitatively good. Better quality semen was obtained up to 5 years of age in Sahiwal
bulls. 相似文献
15.
Ferreira SR de Araújo JV Braga FR Araujo JM Fernandes FM 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(8):1589-1593
One isolate of predator fungi Duddingtonia flagrans (AC001) was assessed in vitro regarding the capacity of supporting the passage through pigs' gastrointestinal tract without
loss of the ability of preying infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. Fungal isolates survived the passage and were efficient in preying L3 since the first 8 h of collection (p < 0.01) in relation to the control group (without fungus). Compared with control, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.01) of 59.6% (8 h), 71.7% (12 h), 76.8% (24 h), 81.0% (36 h), 78.0% (48 h), 76.1% (72 h), and 82.7% (96 h) in means of
infective larvae Oesophagostomum spp. recovered from treatments with isolate AC001. Linear regression coefficients of L3 of recovered Oesophagostomum spp. regarding the collections due to time were −0.621 for control, −1.40 for AC001, and −2.64 for NF34. Fungi D. flagrans (AC001) had demonstrated to be promising for use in the biological control of pig parasite Oesophagostomum spp. 相似文献
16.
Yijin Pei 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):11-18
This study aimed to investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on the development of preimplantation rabbit embryos
in vitro. Zygotes were collected from superovulated New Zealand rabbits 19 h after injection of hCG and immediately mating and cultured
in TCM-199 plus fatty-acid free BSA with different concentrations of NGF. Zygotes not treated with NGF served as control.
At 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h of the culture, the numbers of the early cleavage stage, morulae, blastocysts and hatching blastocysts
were determined. The intrazonal diameter of the blastocyst and the total cell numbers per blastocyst were measured after 96 h
of culture. The results showed: (1) NGF at 100 ng/mL and 1000 ng/mL could improve the numbers of the hatching blastocysts
which developed compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05); (2) All concentrations of NGF increased the total cell numbers in the blastocysts compared to the control treatment
(p < 0.05); (3) NGF had no significant effect on the blastocyst intrazonal diameter of the blastocysts at 96 h of culture (p = 0.493); (4) The proportion in the early cleavage stage at 24 h of culture (p = 0.635), of morulae at 48 h of culture (p = 0.812) and of blastocysts at 72 h of culture (p = 0.812) in all treatments were not significantly different. 相似文献
17.
Association of California Mastitis Test Scores with Intramammary Infection Status in Lactating Dairy Cows Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital
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S.A. Kandeel D.E. Morin C.D. Calloway P.D. Constable 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):497-505
Background
Subclinical mastitis is of concern in veterinary hospitals because contagious mastitis pathogens might be unknowingly transmitted to susceptible cows and then back to their farm of origin.Objectives
To evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) as an indicator of intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating dairy cows admitted to a veterinary hospital.Animals
A total of 139 admissions of 128 lactating dairy cows admitted to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a 2‐year period.Methods
A retrospective study with a convenience sample was conducted. Medical records of cows with CMT results and milk culture results for the day of admission were reviewed. Breed, age, season, maximum CMT score for the 4 quarters, maximum CMT score difference, and clinical diagnosis were evaluated as predictors of IMI by the chi‐square test and stepwise logistic regression.Results
An IMI was identified in 51% of quarters. For cows admitted without evidence of clinical mastitis, the sensitivity of a CMT score ≥trace in predicting an IMI on a quarter or cow basis was 0.45 and 0.68, respectively. The distributions of maximal quarter CMT score and the maximum difference in quarter CMT score for cows without evidence of clinical mastitis did not differ (P = 0.28, P = 0.84, respectively) for cows with and without IMI. Stepwise logistic regression did not identify significant predictors of IMI in cows without clinical mastitis.Conclusions
Lactating dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary hospital should be managed as if they have an IMI, even in the absence of clinical mastitis. 相似文献18.
Udder health problems and major bacterial causes of camel mastitis in Jijiga,Eastern Ethiopia: implication for impacting food security 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
One hundred and forty-five traditionally kept lactating camels (Camelus dromederius) were examined for mastitis by combination of clinical, mastitis card test and subsequent bacteriological isolation. Clinical
and sub-clinical mastitis were prevalent in 8.3% (95%CI = 4.6, 14.4) and 20.7% (95%CI = 14.6, 28.4) of the studied animals,
respectively. This gives an overall mastitis prevalence of 29.0% (95%CI = 21.9, 37.2) at animal and 17.9% (95%CI = 14.9, 21.3)
at quarter levels. High proportion (33.8%) of lactating camels had blind teats and 5.5% had lesions on udder or teat. Taking
clinical mastitis and blocked teats into account, the study revealed that only 57.9% of the camels have four teats for milk
production. Out of the 505 quarter milk samples examined, 80 (15.8 %) quarters were positive for indicator paper. Upon subsequent
culturing, 68.8% (55 out of 80) of the quarter milk samples yielded bacteria. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli and Bacillus species were the major isolates. Mastitis prevalence was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by tick infestations, udder lesions,
and increased age and parity of the animals. In conclusion, mastitis is a major problem in traditionally managed camels and
deserves further attention owning to its potential impact on milk production affecting food security. 相似文献
19.
Efficacy of conventional and extended intra-mammary treatment of persistent sub-clinical mastitis with cefquinome in lactating dairy cows 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kasravi R Bolourchi M Farzaneh N Seifi HA Barin A Hovareshti P Gharagozlou F 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(6):1203-1210
The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of intra-mammary-administered cefquinome for the treatment
of sub-clinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows and to determine if extended therapy would enhance treatment efficacy. Seventy-three
Holstein dairy cows from a single farm with 150 infected quarters were enrolled in the study. Infected cows were allocated
randomly to one of three treatment regimens: (1) conventional (standard) regimen: 75 mg of cefquinome administered three times
at 16-h intervals (25 infected cows, 52 intra-mammary infections (IMI)), (2) extended regimen: 75 mg of cefquinome administered
six times at 16-h intervals (26 infected cows, 58 IMI) and (3) negative untreated control group (22 cows, 40 IMI). Most IMI
were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, streptococci other than Streptococcus agalactiae and coliforms. The overall bacteriological cure (BC) rates for sub-clinical IMI were 84.61%, 91.37% and 20% for the conventional,
extended and the control groups, respectively, indicating a higher BC rate for the treated groups than the control group (P < 0.001). Significant differences in somatic cell count (SCC) were detected between the treated versus the control group
(P < 0.001). No differences, concerning the BC rate or SCC, were observed between the extended and the conventional groups.
Although fat and protein percentages increased in the treated groups, there were no significant differences in post-treatment
milk production between the groups. Results of this study indicate that cefquinome therapy was effective in reducing SCC and
eliminating sub-clinical IMI in lactating dairy cows, but extended therapy did not enhance treatment efficacy. 相似文献
20.
Sampaio Claudia B. Detmann Edenio Paulino Mario F. Valadares Filho Sebastiao C. de Souza Marjorrie A. Lazzarini Isis Rodrigues Paulino Pedro V. de Queiroz Augusto C. 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1471-1479
The effects of supplementation with nitrogenous compounds on intake, digestibility, and microbial protein synthesis in cattle
fed low-quality tropical forage were assessed. Five rumen fistulated crossbred Holstein × Gir heifers were used, with initial
average live weight of 180 ± 21 kg. Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) hay (48.6 g kg−1 of crude protein (CP), on a dry matter (DM) basis) was used as roughage. Five treatments were defined according to nitrogen
supplementation level (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 g of CP kg−1 above the CP level of the hay). A mixture of urea, ammonium sulfate, and albumin at the ratios of 4.5:0.5:1.0, respectively,
was used as nitrogen source. The experiment consisted of five experimental periods, according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design.
The average CP contents in the diets were 51.9, 71.1, 86.0, 116.7, and 130.2 g kg−1, on a DM basis. A quadratic effect was detected (P < 0.10) of the CP levels in the diets on DM and neutral detergent fiber intake (kg/day), with maximum response at the levels
of 102.4 and 100.5 g CP kg−1 DM, respectively. The average daily concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen showed increasing linear pattern (P < 0.01) as function of CP levels in the diet, with estimated value of 9.64 mg dL−1 equivalent to the maximum DM intake. Microbial nitrogen flow in the intestine was linearly and positively related (P < 0.01) with the CP levels in the diet. 相似文献