基于模糊相似优先比的闽台两地果树气候相似性分析

选取台湾主要果树种植区代表站点高雄作为引种源地, 选择年平均气温、最冷月(1月)平均最低气温、历年极端最低气温、年降水量、年日照时数、年平均风速、年平均相对湿度7个因子作为比较因子, 采用模糊相似优先比法对闽台两地7个气候因子和果树气候进行相似性分析, 并划分相似性优先等级, 制作相似性空间分布图。结果表明: (1)漳州市沿海大部、厦门市同安区与台湾省高雄市果树气候相似程度较高; 莆田市区、泉州市大部、漳州市西部相似性中等; 闽中大山带(鹫峰山 戴云山 博平岭)以西的大部分县市农业气候相似性差或不相似, 为不适宜引种区; 其余县市农业气候相似性程度较差, 若要引种, 必须采取保护地栽培。(2)福建省中南部沿海尤其南部沿海地区的气候因子与台湾省高雄市的相似性比较高(年降水量除外)。(3)采用模糊相似优先比法研究闽台两地的果树气候相似性是可行的, 研究结果与实际种植情况相符。研究结果可为地方政府或其他相关部门开展果树优化布局提供决策依据。     

我国玉米生态气候适宜性区域与相似类型划分方法的探讨

采用模糊集论中的相似优选比和聚类分析法,对我国玉米种植区生长发育期间的温度和水分因子进行生态气候适宜性区域与相似类型的划分.这对于今后玉米生产规模定向发展与扩大具有一定的应用价值.     

银叶椴在我国北方适宜引种区域的探讨

 为使银叶椴引种驯化成功,对我国北方30个样点及美国18个银叶椴分布区的10项气候要素进行主成分分析和模糊聚类,划分我国北方地区银叶椴适宜引种的区域,分析影响我国引种银叶椴的主要气候因素。结果表明:温度、热量、降水及其雨型是决定银叶椴引种栽培的主要气候因素。适于银叶椴生长的气候因子指标为:年平均气温（3～18℃）、≥10℃积温（2300～6000℃）、最冷月均温（-14～-6℃）、温暖指数（51～152）、寒冷指数（<-68）、生长期降水量（200～850mm）、生长期干燥度指数（1.5～7.4）、年日照时间（2 300～3700h）。与美国银叶椴分布区相比,冬季低温、生长季节降水不足、雨型不同是我国北方引种银叶椴所面临的普遍问题。适宜银叶椴在我国生长的气候类型为暖温带半湿润气候区;较适宜生长的气候类型区有温带半湿润半干旱气候区和温带湿润半湿润气候区2类。     

贵州高原水稻引种生态气候指标研究

从水稻品种与生态气候方面入手，详细研究了增产幅度与气候变差、高度变差、生育期变差的相互关系，得出了水稻引种的生态气候指标。初步认为：当水稻引种地与原产地的气候变差小于７．０时，水稻品种的适应性较好，引种较易成功；贵州高原水稻引进品种增产幅度与原产地的海拔高度有关，高差越小，增产幅度越大；引进水稻品种生育期变差在７ｄ左右时，引种较易成功。     

中美两国大豆气候生态相似分析

本文用改进的欧拉距离分析大豆气候生态条件地区间的相似程度,用系统聚类分析法对中美两国191个站的大豆各主要生育阶段的气候生态条件作聚类分析,并结合多年来大豆引种试验,其结果可指导中美两国间的大豆引种.     

新疆枸杞种植的气候分区

通过比较得出,新疆精河县的气候条件最适合枸杞生长,当地的枸杞不但产量高而且品质好,因此,以精河县枸杞生产期间的主要气候指标为标准,利用模糊优选比方法将新疆分为3个气候区,提出了各区的发展策略。     

The influence of chemical soil factors on the development of VA mycorrhizas of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and sycamore(Acer pseudoplatanus L.) in pot experiments

The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate effects of soil acidity on the formation of mycorrhizas in ash and sycamore, and (2) to elucidate if mycorrhization can improve the acquisition of Ca, Mg, and P by these tree species. Soil substrates with different Ca, Mg, and Al saturation were used in pot experiments with mycorrhizal ash and sycamore seedlings and various Ca and Mg fertilization treatments. The development of vesicular‐arbuscular‐mycorrhizas (VAM) in both species was considerably affected by the chemical soil properties and by the nutritional status of the plants. Mycorrhizal fungi developed well only in plants growing on basalt‐derived, Ca and Mg rich loam and in substrates fertilized with Ca and Mg carbonate. In these substrates, the pH value, Ca and Mg supply and growth of the plants were optimal. The mycorrhizas degenerated in an acid loam derived from phyllite, in tertiary sand and in all treatments receiving Ca and Mg sulfate. Ash and sycamore suffered from Ca and Mg (P) deficiency, and partly from Al antagonism against Ca and Mg uptake (sycamore) or Al toxicity (ash). The symbiosis between fungi and the plants was disrupted since the tree species and the VAM fungi (from fertile nursery soils) did not adapt to the acidic experimental soil substrates with high Al activity. Consequently, the fungi lost their function of supporting the plants by improved nutrient uptake and the plants likely did not produce enough organic substances for the fungi. In addition, N fertilization possibly suppressed the development of VA mycorrhizas and inhibited new colonization in acid substrates.     

花岗岩侵蚀区木豆引种试验初报

通过在花岗岩侵蚀区的引种试验表明,改良型木豆适应性强,在本地能较好地生长,具有鲜肥、薪柴产量高,再生能力强,保土效果好等特点,生长快,当年可见效,生态经济利用价值高,在燃料、饲料、保持水土等方面具有广阔的推广前景,是一种优良的水土保持植物。     

Effect of nitrogen and wheat residue on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and weed control

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residues and nitrogen (N) management are the major problems in the southern part of Iran where irrigated wheat–cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–wheat rotation is a common practice. A 2-year (2009–2011) field experiment was conducted as a split plot design with four replications at a cotton field (Darab), Fars Province, Iran, to determine the influence of different rates of wheat residue (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) incorporation and N rates (150, 200, 300, and 400 kg ha^?1) on weed suppression, yield, and yield components of cotton. Results showed that a higher residue incorporation and a lower N rate improved weed suppression in both years. For treatments receiving 150 kg N ha^?1 and 75% of wheat residues (2250 kg ha^?1), weed biomass and density were significantly lower compared to treatments receiving 400 kg N ha^?1. The highest cotton lint yield (about 2400–2700 kg ha^?1) was obtained by 300 kg N ha^?1 in the absence of residue application, in both years. Incorporation of 25% of wheat residue (750 kg ha^?1) and application of 300 kg N ha^?1 are recommended to guarantee an optimum level of cotton lint yield and weed suppression in a wheat–cotton–wheat rotation in this region.     

Mn胁迫对龙葵和小飞蓬生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

采用对Mn有明显耐受能力的植物龙葵（Solanum nigrum L.）和小飞蓬（Conyza Canadensis （L.）Cronq）为材料,用水培方法（Mn离子浓度分别为0.005（CK）、2、4、8、16 mmol·L-1）,研究植物生长、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光主要参数。结果表明,Mn胁迫下,随着Mn浓度的升高,龙葵和小飞蓬的叶面积、根长、存活率都有不同程度的下降,株高先略高于对照,而后逐渐下降。叶绿素含量随着培养液中Mn含量的增加显著降低。两种植物的最大光化学量子产量（Fv/Fm）、最大荧光（Fm）、同期光合量子产量（Yield）和表观光合电子传递速率（ETR）均随着Mn离子浓度的增加明显降低;两种植物的初始荧光（Fo）均呈先下降再上升趋势,而非光化学荧光淬灭系数（NPQ）有上升趋势,但处理之间NPQ变化差异不明显。试验表明在Mn胁迫下两种植物的光合作用电子传递过程和电子传递速率被抑制。随Mn处理浓度增大,龙葵受Mn胁迫的影响比小飞蓬小,说明其耐Mn水平较小飞蓬高,更适合用于Mn污染地区的植物修复。     

Stimulatory effect on pea of Typha Angustifolia L. extracts and their chemical composition

In this study, the influence of aqueous and organic extracts of different plant parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of Typha angustifolia on the germination and early seedling growth of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) was evaluated. Chemical composition of extracts of different plant parts of Typha was also determined. Aqueous (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g L^?1) and organic extracts (at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg mL^?1) were applied to the seeds of two pea cultivars, Douce de Provence and Lincoln, placed in Petri dishes. Application of extracts had a beneficial effect on germination and early seedling growth of both pea cultivars. However, aqueous extract of leaves showed the most beneficial effect at 60 and 40 g L^?1 for the cultivars Douce de Provence and Lincoln, respectively. The effect could be attributed to the allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts. Petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of leaves had the most stimulating effect on the germination and early seedling growth of pea. Analysis of Typha extracts indicated the presence of vitamin E in leaves, which could be responsible forthis stimulation. Moreover, Typha leaves also had substantial amount of flavonoids. In conclusion, the allelopathic activity of of Typha was dependent on the plant part, the solvent nature, the concentration of the extracts tested, and on the pea cultivar. Application of leaf extract was the most effective in improving the germination rate and early seedling growth of pea.     

不同红光远红光配比对冰草生长发育、光合特性及品质的影响

为探明人工光植物工厂中红光远红光配比对水培冰草产量和品质的影响,本研究在光合有效辐射强度200 μmol·m-2·s-1的条件下,以白光LED作为CK(R/FR=5.5),在CK基础上添加不同强度远红光,分别设置FR1(R/FR=1.2)和FR2(R/FR=0.8),研究不同光质组合处理下冰草的生长发育、光合特性及营养...     

Transformation and Bioavailability of Selenate and Selenite Added to a Nicotiana tabacum L. Planting Soil

Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for humans and is beneficial for plant growth. To investigate the transformation and bioavailability of Se in tobacco planting soil, selenite and selenate were applied. A pot experiment and sequential extraction scheme were used to investigate the Se contents in different forms in soils treated with Se. A series of equations were applied to model the transformation behavior of Se in this study. The results showed that the forms of selenium were increased significantly by applying the different valence state of water-soluble selenium. The carbonate-bound and iron-manganese (Fe-Mn) oxide–bound species were improved in selenite-added soil, whereas the soluble and exchangeable forms were increased in selenate-added soil. Michaelis-Menten equation fitting results indicated that estimated maximal selenium contents of leaves, stems, and roots in selenate-added soils were 1.83, 15.81, and 20.98 times larger than in selenite-added soils. The utilization levels of selenate were 4.3 to 7.9 times larger than selenite for Nicotiana tabacum L. In conclusion, the bioavailability and mobility of selenate were greater than selenite in Nicotiana tabacum L. planting soil.     

EDTA辅助小藜修复Pb及Pb-Cd复合污染土壤的研究

通过盆栽试验,研究了Pb及Pb-Cd复合污染土壤添加EDTA（乙二胺四乙酸）对小藜生长和转运、富集Pb、Cd的影响。结果表明,高浓度的EDTA对小藜的生长有抑制作用,Pb及Pb-Cd复合处理下EDTA最佳添加浓度均为2.5 mmol·kg^-1,此时小藜对Pb的转运系数达2.66和2.41,富集系数达1.51和1.82,分别比对照提高554%和493%、8 431%和2 367%;对Cd的转运系数达1.87和3.47,富集系数达1.78和10.8,分别比对照提高165%和355%、77%和283%。2.5 mmol·kg^-1EDTA辅助小藜修复Pb-Cd复合污染土壤的效果优于修复Pb污染土壤的效果。     

低温胁迫下内源ABA、GA及比值对白菜型和 甘蓝型冬油菜抗寒性的响应

为阐明低温胁迫下激素含量对冬油菜枯叶期的调控和对抗寒性的响应,为冬油菜抗寒性研究提供依据,以8份不同抗寒等级的白菜型和甘蓝型冬油菜为材料,利用盆栽试验,待幼苗长至5~6片真叶时在人工气候箱中进行低温处理(25℃、10℃、2℃、?5℃),分析低温胁迫后冬油菜内源ABA、GA含量和叶绿素的变化。回归分析表明温度与ABA含量存在显著的负相关,回归方程符合y=?ax+b,随着温度的降低,内源ABA含量呈先缓慢(10℃)后迅速上升(2℃、?5℃)的趋势,且温度处理间、温度与品种互作间差异极显著;由于激素间的拮抗作用GA含量变化则恰好相反。当在0℃以上低温时,品种间ABA含量无明显差异,当温度降到?5℃,白菜型冬油菜ABA含量明显高于甘蓝型,抗寒性强的品种高于抗寒性弱的品种。ABA含量的升高导致叶绿素含量的变化,随着温度降低,叶绿素含量呈先降低后增加的趋势,但总体呈下降趋势,且白菜型冬油菜和甘蓝型冬油菜之间存在不同的响应机制,这种作用使白菜型冬油菜叶绿素含量低于甘蓝型冬油菜,导致白菜型冬油菜枯叶期提前,提早进入越冬期,增加了对低温冻害的御性和避性。因此,随着温度的降低冬油菜叶片ABA含量上升,叶绿素降解,白菜型冬油菜更早进入枯叶期,枯叶期较早和降温后ABA含量高是白菜型冬油菜抗寒性较强的主要原因。