小五台山不同海拔土壤理化性质垂直变化规律

以河北小五台山不同海拔18块样地土壤为研究对象,分析和比较了不同海拔下土壤物理性质、持水能力、养分特征等14项指标,研究小五台山不同海拔土壤理化性质的垂直变化规律。结果表明:(1)随海拔的升高小五台山土壤容重逐步降低,总孔隙度逐步升高,毛管孔隙度变化不明显;随土层深度增加土壤容重变大,总孔隙度降低。(2)土壤含水量、毛管持水量、最大持水量、田间持水量随海拔升高逐渐升高,随土层深度增加逐渐降低,这种降低趋势随海拔增加逐渐扩大。(3)土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮含量随海拔升高而逐渐升高,随土层深度增加而降低;土壤全钾含量随海拔升高表现为"先升后降"的抛物线型,在2 100～2 200m达到峰值。0—20cm土层速效钾和速效磷含量随海拔升高没有明显变化趋势;20—60cm土层速效钾含量随海拔升高而升高,40—60cm速效磷含量随海拔升高而降低。(4)土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量有明显的"表聚现象",且海拔越高越明显;土壤全磷和速效钾含量也有明显的"表聚现象",海拔越高越不明显;土壤速效磷含量存在一定的"表聚现象",但并不明显;土壤全钾含量没有"表聚现象"。     

石羊河尾闾(青土湖)水面形成后土壤养分的空间特征

通过测定青土湖不同土层、不同水面距离的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷含量及电导率,对比了不同土层和水面距离的土壤养分差异,分析了其空间变异性以及相关关系。结果表明:1 0~60 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、全钾含量和土壤溶液电导率值分别在距水面100~150 m和300 m处达到最大,在距水面200 m处为最小,呈波浪式变化,这种波浪式变化与其原湖泊沉积和区域气候环境相符合。2土壤养分含量存在显著空间变异性,各养分指标含量随土层深度变化规律明显,不同水面距离0~40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮等含量均比40~80 cm土层高,土壤各养分除全钾含量在0~80 cm土层、全磷含量在60~80 cm土层为弱变异外,其他均属于中等变异。3在0~40 cm土层,土壤有机质与全氮、全钾、碱解氮、电导率呈正相关;电导率与速效磷、全磷呈正相关。青土湖的土壤各养分含量均较低,水面形成的干扰改变了原土壤的理化性质,其对土壤养分垂直分布的影响范围在0~40 cm。     

西藏北部不同草地类型土壤碳、氮、磷的变化特征

[目的]探讨西藏北部不同草地类型间土壤碳氮磷含量的分布规律和各养分间相互关系,为草地生态保护和评价提供理论依据。[方法]通过S形土壤取样法对西藏北部不同草地类型的土壤样品进行采集,利用试验测定土壤的碳氮磷含量,基于SPSS进行方差分析和相关性分析。[结果]山脊高寒草甸、高寒灌丛草甸和山腰高寒草甸有机碳含量主要受海拔高度的影响,有机碳含量随着海拔高度的增加而增加,随土层深度加大而降低;有机碳与全氮有极显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.968(p0.01),不同草地类型间全氮含量趋势与有机质趋势相同;除高寒沼泽草甸,其他草地类型的有效氮与全氮分布规律相同,有效氮含量和全氮含量之间存在显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.439(p0.05)。速效磷受全磷含量影响显著,速效磷与全磷的相关系数为0.442,为极显著正相关关系;全磷含量受放牧影响,但放牧对速效养分的影响更加明显。[结论]西藏北部不同草地类型土壤碳、氮、磷的具有一定的变化规律,草地退化与放牧强度具有一定联系。     

黄土高原不同年限刺槐土壤化学计量特征分析

通过对陕北黄土高原4种不同年限(10,15,25,40年)刺槐林地0—200cm土壤的采集与分析,研究不同刺槐种植时间对土壤营养元素及化学计量比的影响。在每个林龄的林地内设3个小区,每个小区采用随机采样法选取3个采样点分层采集土壤样品,进行土壤碳、氮、磷、钾测定,计算化学计量比。结果表明:(1)有机碳和全氮、全钾含量随刺槐年限增加呈基本增大的趋势,全磷随刺槐年限的增长变化不大;有机碳、全氮和全磷呈极显著的正相关关系;(2)在0—200cm土层,有机碳、全氮空间分布基本一致,随土层深度增加均呈先减少后趋于稳定的变化趋势;全磷在整个空间中的分布较为均匀,其空间变异性低于有机碳和全氮;全钾含量高于碳氮磷含量,且随土壤深度变化不大;(3)土壤C∶N比,C∶P比,N∶P比和C∶N∶P比均随刺槐年限的增长呈先降低后升高的趋势,都在15年处有最低值;(4)土壤C∶N比随土层深度在一定范围波动,C∶P和N∶P比均随土层深度的增加呈先减少后趋于稳定的变化趋势。     

乐清湾滨海湿地不同植被带土壤养分时空分布特征

以乐清湾西门岛海域相同高程断面中国移植最北界的人工红树林(秋茄林)、光滩和互花米草带土壤为样品,比较分析了2种植被带和光滩土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、全钾、全氮、全磷含量的时空变化。结果表明:(1)在冬季和夏季,植被带土壤有机质含量均高于光滩。(2)在冬季,光滩土壤有机质、速效钾、碱解氮、速效磷、全钾、全氮、全磷含量均随土层深度增加而减少,而互花米草带除土壤速效钾、碱解氮、全氮、全磷含量变化与光滩相似外,土壤有机质、全钾和速效磷均随土层深度增加而增加;在夏季,光滩和互花米草带土壤各营养元素含量存在极为复杂的变化。(3)在冬季和夏季,土壤有机质和速效钾含量随秋茄树龄增加而增加,而其他土壤营养元素含量却并未因树龄、季节不同而出现较强性规律变化。(4)从土壤有机质与营养元素间的关系来看,土壤有机质与速效磷、速效钾、全氮间均存在极显著正相关。研究表明,植被能增强湿地土壤营养,其中50年代秋茄林较其他移植年代更具有规律性。     

秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔森林土壤理化性质

为了探究海拔高度与土壤理化性质之间的关系,对秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔高度土壤理化性质进行研究。在不同海拔高度设置样地,对土壤进行分层取样,室内测定土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、有效氮、有效磷和有效钾含量。结果表明：（1）在不同采样深度下,随着土壤深度增加,除土壤pH值逐渐升高外,有机质、全氮、有效磷和有效钾的含量逐渐降低,其他指标无明显变化规律;（2）土壤pH值、有机质、全氮和有效磷含量与海拔之间有显著的相关关系,土壤pH值随海拔升高先逐渐升高,最高点出现在海拔1 800～2 000m,后随海拔升高逐渐降低;有机质、全氮含量随着海拔升高而升高;有效磷含量随海拔升高而下降;有效氮、全磷、全钾和有效钾的含量和海拔之间不存在明显的相关关系。该林区应结合当地森林植被类型状况,针对不同海拔林地土壤的特点,调整林分模式,改善林地土壤性质,以维护该区林地的可持续发展。     

保护性耕作对喀斯特山区旱地土壤理化性质的影响

为揭示保护性耕作对喀斯特山区旱地土壤理化性质的影响,以常规耕作(CGGZ)为对照,在贵州省大方县典型喀斯特山区进行连续4年的对比试验,研究机械化保护性耕作(BHGZ)对喀斯特山区旱地土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明,在0-40cm土层,2种耕作方式的土壤孔隙度、毛管持水量、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量均是耕层(0-20cm)高于下层,并随耕作年限的增加,这些指标逐渐增加,但土壤容重则相反。机械化保护性耕作土壤孔隙度、毛管持水量、有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量明显高于常规耕作的土壤,而容重和碱解氮的含量则略低于常规耕作土壤。4年机械化保护性耕作的耕层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾含量分别比常规耕作提高6.97%,9.13%,4.16%,9.16%,2.10%和3.09%,碱解氮降低4.46%;连续4年机械化保护性耕作20-40cm土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效磷、全钾和速效钾的含量分别比常规耕作提高12.58%,12.70%,7.71%,13.00%,2.90%和6.60%,碱解氮降低4.96%。     

石羊河尾闾(青土湖)水面形成后土壤养分的空间特征

通过测定青土湖不同土层、不同水面距离的土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷和电解质,对比不同土层和水面距离的土壤养分差异,分析其空间变异性以及相关关系。结果表明：１）青土湖的土壤各养分含量均较低,水面形成的干扰改变了原状土壤的理化性质,水面的形成对土壤养分垂直分布的影响范围在0~40cm。;2）0-60cm土层深度的有机质、全氮、速效氮、全磷、全钾和土壤溶液电导率分别在距水面100-150m和300 m处达到最大值,在距水面200 m处为最小,呈波浪式变化,这种波浪式变化与其原湖泊沉积和区域气候环境相符合。;32）土壤养分含量存在显著空间变异性,各养分指标含量随土层深度变化规律明显,不同水面距离0～40cm土层土壤有机质、全氮等含量均比40~80cm高,土壤各养分含量除了土壤全钾含量在0~80cm、土壤全磷在60~80cm为弱变异外,其他均属于中等变异。;43）在0~40cm土层深度,有机质与全氮、全钾,速效氮、电导率呈正相关;电导率和速效磷、全磷呈正相关。青土湖的土壤各养分含量均较低,水面形成的干扰改变了原土壤的理化性质,水面的形成对土壤养分垂直分布的影响范围在0~40cm。     

辽东山区天然次生栎林土壤有机碳含量及其与理化性质的关系

通过对设置在辽东山区本溪市草河口镇和庄河市仙人洞镇两个典型天然次生栎林(Quercus spp.)样地内的土样进行分层(0—10,10—20,20—30,30—40cm)采集和室内分析,研究了0—40cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷等含量的剖面分布特征,探讨了有机碳与理化性质间的关系。结果表明:土壤有机碳及全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量的含量均随土层加深而降低,而土壤容重随土层加深而增加,由t检验和方差分析得知,各指标含量在土层间差异均达到5%显著水平;土壤有机碳与粉粒、pH、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、阳离子交换量间均呈显著正相关(r=0.430 9~0.919 0,n=44,P0.01),与土壤容重、砂粒间均呈显著负相关(r=0.388 3~0.670 6,n=44,P0.01),而与黏粒间无显著相关性;由逐步回归分析得知土壤碱解氮、碳氮比、全钾、pH、全氮与有机碳间关系最为紧密。土壤有机碳与其他理化性质间关系密切,且以全氮、碱解氮、碳氮比、全钾和pH对其影响最大;同时,各指标均具有明显的剖面分布规律。     

黑土区低山丘陵坡耕地侵蚀沟浅层土壤养分特征及其影响因素

[目的] 研究黑土区低山丘陵地形侵蚀沟土壤养分特征及其影响因素,为黑土区土地资源合理运用,土壤肥力精确化管理和退化土壤修复工作提供数据与理论支持。[方法] 以黑龙江省延寿县不同发育类型侵蚀沟表层土壤作为研究对象,对0—40 cm层侵蚀沟各部位的土壤进行取样测定,量化分析土壤养分特征。[结果] ①不同侵蚀沟道间有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量较CK差异显著(p＜0.05),随侵蚀沟发育,0—40 cm层的土壤有机质含量呈递减趋势,土壤全氮、全磷、全钾、速效磷、速效钾、碱解氮含量总体呈下降趋势。随着土层加深,土壤养分差异显著(p＜0.05),呈下降趋势。受侵蚀—沉积影响,土壤有机质、全氮、全钾、碱解氮含量在沟头段降幅明显;土壤有机质、有效磷、有效钾含量在沟尾因沉积作用下降平缓。②土壤退化指数在0—40 cm层呈A₂＞A₁＞A₃,随侵蚀沟发育,土壤退化程度加重。[结论] 土壤养分与容重总体呈显著负相关,与土壤水稳性团聚体含量、黏粒含量呈显著正相关;土壤剖面与构型差异是造成土壤养分差异的根本原因,侵蚀沟发育是土壤养分变化的次要原因,土壤有机质、全氮、全钾含量也受到部位差异影响。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.