水稻着丝粒附近一个淡绿叶突变相关基因的定位分析

在T DNA插入水稻突变体库中,发现了一个以日本晴为遗传背景的温度钝感型淡绿叶突变体pgl2（pale green leaf 2 ）。遗传学分析表明该突变性状由1对单隐性核基因控制。利用突变体与籼稻品种龙特甫杂交,构建F2群体对突变基因进行精细定位。初步定位结果显示目的基因与第8染色体上SSR标记RM331连锁,在该标记附近发展了14对INDEL标记,将突变基因进一步定位于着丝粒上2.37 Mb的区间,并对该区间候选基因进行了分析。突变体叶绿素的总量与对照相仿,但是叶绿素a/b比值趋于1,明显低于对照。推测突变基因可能与叶绿素a、b间的转化有关。还就着丝粒中基因定位的引物设计方法进行了讨论。     

水稻短根突变体ksr1的遗传分析和基因定位

从甲基磺酸乙酯诱变的Kasalath突变体库中,在苗期筛选到一个水稻短根突变体 ksr1,6 d苗龄时该突变体的根长只有野生型的20%左右,遗传分析表明该突变性状由一对隐性核基因控制.利用突变体与粳稻日本晴杂交发展的F2群体对突变基因进行了定位分析,初步定位结果显示目的基因 KSR1 与第4染色体上SSR标记RM1223连锁.在该标记附近进一步发展了8对SSR标记和2对InDel标记,将突变基因定位于InDel标记4-24725K和SSR标记RM17182之间,该区段物理距离为155 kb.     

水稻短根突变体ksr1的遗传分析和基因定位

 从甲基磺酸乙酯诱变的Kasalath突变体库中,在苗期筛选到一个水稻短根突变体 ksr1, 6 d苗龄时该突变体的根长只有野生型的20%左右,遗传分析表明该突变性状由一对隐性核基因控制。利用突变体与粳稻日本晴杂交发展的F2群体对突变基因进行了定位分析,初步定位结果显示目的基因 KSR1 与第4染色体上SSR标记RM1223连锁。在该标记附近进一步发展了8对SSR标记和2对InDel标记,将突变基因定位于InDel标记4 24725K和SSR标记RM17182之间,该区段物理距离为155 kb。     

水稻苗期低温白叶突变体cde2的鉴定和基因定位

从粳稻品种Asominori的组培后代中发现了一个温度敏感的叶绿素缺乏突变体。低温(23℃)条件下该突变体幼苗3叶期前表现为白化表型随后致死,但在正常温度条件下与野生型无明显差异(30℃)。与野生型相比,该突变体幼苗低温条件下叶绿素含量明显下降,叶绿体结构发育异常。遗传分析结果表明,该突变体受一对隐性核基因控制,定名为cde2(chlorophyll deficient 2)基因。从cde2与籼稻品种培矮64衍生的F2群体中挑选1064株表现为突变表型的单株进行基因定位,将该基因初步定位于水稻第1染色体的着丝粒附近,随后利用已有的SSR标记和自行开发的Indel标记,进一步将该基因定位在标记RM11041和Indel1之间,物理距离为365.6kb。此外,对该突变体叶绿素合成、光合作用以及质体转录/翻译系统相关基因的表达量测定表明,CDE2突变后增加了与叶绿素合成和质体转录/翻译相关基因的表达,但降低了光合作用相关基因的表达。结果表明,CDE2在水稻叶绿素合成以及叶绿体的发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

一个水稻叶片白化转绿叶突变体的遗传分析和精细定位

 在水稻品种宜香B中发现了一个白化转绿叶突变体,经过多代自交获得了稳定的白化转绿叶色突变体。该突变体在4叶期前叶色为黄绿色,之后逐渐变绿,从苗龄4周到12周,突变体/野生型叶绿素含量比值从34.5%逐渐升高到99.4%。遗传分析表明该突变受1对隐性核基因控制,暂命名为gra。利用微卫星标记将gra初步定位于第10染色体标记RM596和RM5620之间,进一步利用极端个体定位法把gra精细定位于标记RM25522和RM25535之间。gra基因距RM25522和RM25535标记的遗传距离均为0.05 cM, 其物理距离约为136 kb。     

一个水稻颖壳扭曲突变体的遗传分析与基因定位

 从水稻育种后代材料中获得1个颖壳扭曲突变体Osth (twisted hull)。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状由单核基因隐性突变造成。以突变体与颖壳正常籼稻R725杂交的F2群体为基因定位群体,利用SSR标记将突变位点定位在第2染色体上的SSR标记RM14128与RM208之间,遗传距离分别为1.4 cM 和2.7 cM。这些结果为该基因的精细定位和克隆以及研究水稻花发育的分子机理奠定了基础。     

一个水稻新型叶色突变体的形态结构与遗传定位

 所用水稻叶色突变体为自然突变,并命名为白淮稻7号,其叶色表型为绿 白 绿,且突变表型只有在移栽等因素引起的机械损伤信号胁迫下才会产生。研究结果表明,叶色转白前,突变体生长态势、叶色、叶绿素a含量和叶绿体超显微结构与野生型差异不大;叶色转白后,突变体总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量都显著低于野生型和叶色转白前,而叶绿体中的类囊体逐渐降解,基粒片层减少、基粒数量明显减少,且在成熟后突变体叶色黄化、植株变矮小。遗传分析表明,突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。以该突变体与江西1587的F2群体为定位群体,将突变基因定位于水稻第11染色体分子标记L59.2 7和L64.8 11之间大约740.5 kb的区间内。认为该突变基因是一个新的水稻叶色突变基因,暂命名为GWGL。     

水稻矮秆多分蘖突变体mz3的遗传分析和基因定位

通过EMS诱变粳稻品种中花11获得一个稳定遗传的矮秆多分蘖突变体mz3。遗传分析表明该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制,并利用mz3与籼稻品种南京11杂交建立的F2群体,将该基因定位在水稻第6染色体长臂上的SSR标记RM19353与RM510之间约747kb范围内。由于该区间包含控制水稻株高和分蘖的D3基因,结合表型分析,推测突变基因与D3可能为一对等位基因。设计7对引物分别对中花11与突变体mz3的基因进行测序,结果显示,与中花11相比,D3基因在mz3中第636位核苷酸由G突变为A,使得编码色氨酸的密码子TGG突变为终止密码子TGA,导致翻译提前终止。进一步对定位群体中10个隐性极端个体测序,结果显示所有极端个体都带有该突变位点。亚细胞定位结果表明,突变体编码的D3蛋白与野生型一样定位在细胞核中,荧光双分子互补试验结果表明,突变体D3蛋白不能与D14蛋白发生互作,推测突变体编码的D3截短蛋白缺少了与D14互作的氨基酸序列,从而阻碍了独脚金内酯信号传递。因此,mz3表型很可能由D3基因突变引起。     

水稻白条纹叶突变体st11的遗传分析与基因定位

白条纹叶突变体st11是从粳稻品种Kitaake组培过程中获得的。该突变体在分蘖前叶色表现为正常,从分蘖期开始新生叶表现为白条纹直至成熟期。与野生型相比,该突变体的分蘖、株高、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状没有发生明显变化。遗传分析表明该突变体白条纹叶性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用该突变体分别与水稻02428、Jodan杂交构建了两个F2群体用于基因定位。通过集群分离分析(bulked segregant analysis)发现该基因位于第1染色体端粒附近,并与分子标记RM151和RM10080连锁。进一步利用更多分子标记分析F2群体,我们将该基因定位于I10和I26两个标记之间大约270kb的区间内。     

水稻短根毛突变体ksrh1的遗传分析和基因定位

从EMS诱变的籼稻品种Kasalath突变体库中筛选获得了一个短根毛突变体,命名为ksrh1。该突变体在苗期表现为根毛变短,除此之外其表型与野生型没有显著差异。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受1个隐性单基因控制。将突变体ksrh1与粳稻品种日本晴杂交构建F2定位群体,利用已公布的水稻SSR标记和自行设计的STS标记对突变位点进行基因定位,最终将KSRH1定位在水稻第1染色体长臂上的S3578和S3584之间,物理距离约为67kb。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of a Novel Chlorophyll-Deficit Mutant Gene in Rice

A rice etiolation mutant 824ys featured with chlorophyll deficiency was identified from a normal green rice variety 824B.It showed whole green-yellow plant from the seedling stage,reduced number of tillers and longer growth duration.The contents of chlorophyll,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and net photosynthetic rate in leaves of the mutant obviously decreased,as well as the number of spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight compared with its wild-type parent.Genetic analyses on F1 and F2 generetions of 824ys crossed with three normal green varieties showed that the chlorophyll-deficit mutant character was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear gene.Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was conducted by using microsatellite markers and F2 mapping population of 495R/824ys,and the mutant gene of 824ys was mapped on the shon arm of rice chromosome 3.The genetic distances from the target gene to the markers RM218,RM282 and RM6959 were 25.6 cM,5.2 cM and 21.8 cM,respectively.It was considered to be a now chlorophyll-deficit mutant gene and tentatively named as chl11(t).     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of TWH Gene in Rice Twisted Hull Mutant

A mutant with twisted hulls was found in a breeding population of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The mutant shows less grain weight and inferior grain quality in addition to twisted hulls. Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype of mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene (temporarily designated as TWH). To map the TWH gene, an F2 population was generated by crossing the twh mutant to R725, an indica rice variety with normal hulls. For bulked segregant analysis, the bulk of mutant plants was prepared by mixing equal amount of plant tissue from 10 twisted-hull plants and the bulk of normal plants was obtained by pooling equal amount tissue of 10 normal-hull plants. Two hundred and seven pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers, which are distributed on 12 rice chromosomes, were used for polymorphism analysis of the parents and the two bulks. The TWH locus was initially mapped close to the SSR marker RM526 on chromosome 2. Therefore, further mapping was performed using 50 pairs of SSR primers around the marker RM526. The TWH was delimited between the SSR markers RM14128 and RM208 on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the genetic distances of 1.4 cM and 2.7 cM, respectively. These results provide the foundation for further fine mapping, cloning and functional analysis of the TWH gene.     

水稻淡绿叶突变体HM133的遗传分析与基因定位

EMS诱导籼稻品种IR64获得淡绿叶突变体HM133。与野生型IR64相比,HM133播种后的第6周和第15周的光合色素含量以及抽穗期的净光合速率显著降低,气孔导度则明显上升;此外,突变体株高、每穗实粒数和结实率等农艺性状也较野生型显著下降。叶绿体超微结构分析表明,分蘖期HM133类囊体基粒片层形状不规则,堆叠凌乱、排列疏松。遗传分析表明HM133淡绿叶性状受单隐性核基因控制。通过分子标记将该基因定位于第3染色体长臂RM143和RM3684之间。该区间内包含编码镁螯合酶D亚基的基因OsCHLD。序列分析表明HM133中该基因第10外显子上有一个从G突变为A的单碱基变异,导致编码的氨基酸由精氨酸变成谷氨酸,推测OsCHLD基因即为控制HM133淡绿叶表型的候选基因。     

Identification and Fine Mapping of a Gene Related to Pale Green Leaf Phenotype near the Centromere Region in Rice （Oryza sativa）

A thermo-insensitive pale green leaf mutant (pgl2) was isolated from T-DNA inserted transgenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L. subsp. japonica cv. Nipponbare). Genetic analysis indicated that the phenotype was caused by a recessive mutation in a single nuclear-encoded gene. To map the PGL2 gene, an F2 population was constructed by crossing the mutant with Longtefu (Oryza sativa L. subsp. indica). The PGL2 locus was roughly linked to SSR marker RM331 on chromosome 8. To finely map the gene, 14 new InDel markers were developed around the marker, and PGL2 was further mapped to a 2.37 Mb centromeric region. Analysis on chlorophyll contents of leaves showed that there was no obvious difference between the mutant and the wild type in total chlorophyll (Chl) content, while the ratio of Chl a / Chl b in the mutant was only about 1, which was distinctly lower than that in the wild type, suggesting that the PGL2 gene was related to the conversion between Chl a and Chl b. Moreover, the method of primer design around the centromeric region was discussed, which would provide insight into fine mapping of the functional genes in plant centromeres.     

Morphological Structure and Genetic Mapping of New Leaf-Color Mutant Gene in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Leaf-color mutations are a widely-observed class of mutations, playing an important role in the study of chlorophyll biosynthesis and plant chloroplast structure, function, genetics and development. A naturally-occurring leaf-color rice mutant, Baihuaidao 7, was analyzed. Mutant plants typically exhibited a green-white-green leaf-color progression, but this phenotype was only expressed in the presence of a stress signal induced by mechanical scarification such as transplantation. Prior to the appearance of white leaves, mutant plant growth, leaf color, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure appeared to be identical to those of the wild type. After the changeover to white leaf color, an examination of the mutated leaves revealed a decrease in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content, a reduction in the number of chloroplast grana lamella and grana, and a gradual degradation of the thylakoid lamellas. At maturity, the mutant plant was etiolated and dwarfed compared with wild-type plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the leaf mutant character is controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was performed using an F2 population derived from a Baihuaidao 7 × Jiangxi 1587 cross. The mutant gene was mapped to rice chromosome 11, positioned between InDel markers L59.2-7 and L64.8-11, which are separated by approximately 740.5 kb. The mutant gene is believed to be a new leaf-color mutant gene in rice, and is tentatively designated as gwgl.     

一个水稻低温移栽白条纹突变体wltt的鉴定和基因定位

【目的】叶色突变相关基因的鉴定与克隆为研究叶绿体发育、叶绿素合成和光合作用等分子机制提供理论基础。【方法】从常规粳稻镇糯19杂交后代中分离出一个低温移栽后叶色转成白条纹的自然变异突变体,命名为wltt (white stripe leaf after transplanting at low temperature)。成熟期测定野生型和wltt的主要农艺性状,分别在苗期、移栽后15 d和同时期直播条件下测定新生叶片的色素含量并观察叶绿体的超微结构;将wltt和野生型正反交进行遗传分析;用wltt与籼稻9311杂交产生的F_2作为定位群体进行基因定位;采用RT-qPCR分析叶绿体发育、叶绿素合成和光合作用相关基因在野生型和wltt中的表达水平。【结果】wltt突变体在苗期表现正常绿色,移栽15 d后心叶出现白条纹叶表型,至分蘖末期心叶叶色恢复;而不经移栽,突变体不会出现白条纹叶。人工模拟实验表明该表型是由低温条件下根损伤引起的。与野生型相比,wltt突变体移栽后的新生叶色素含量显著降低,光合速率下降;同时株高变矮,穗长、剑叶长和每穗粒数均显著降低。叶绿体的超微结构显示,突变体的叶肉细胞中,仅少数细胞含有正常的叶绿体,其余大部分叶肉细胞不含叶绿体。进一步研究发现,突变体中部分光合系统相关基因和叶绿体发育相关基因表达下调,叶绿素生物合成相关的14个基因表达也下调。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用wltt突变体/9311的F_2群体,将该基因定位于水稻第2染色体着丝粒附近853kb区间内。目前,该区间内没有叶色相关基因的报道。【结论】WLTT是低温条件下移栽调控叶片转色的关键基因,在叶绿体发育过程中发挥重要作用。