白蜡优良无性系抗寒性对比分析

试验以白蜡2 a生试验林中长势一致,无病虫害的8个优良无性系当年生枝条为试验材料,利用电导法(EL)及电阻抗图谱法(EIS)结合Logistic方程,拟合出8个白蜡优良无性系的半致死温度,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明,随着温度的降低,8个白蜡无性系的相对电导率均成上升趋势,由相对电导率拟合出的8个白蜡无性系的半致死温度由高到低依次为衡蜡2号、衡蜡9号、衡蜡7号、衡蜡11号、衡蜡3号、衡蜡6号、衡蜡4号、衡蜡1号;由3个电阻抗参数拟合出的8个白蜡无性系的半致死温度由高到低依次为衡蜡2号、衡蜡9号、衡蜡7号、衡蜡11号、衡蜡3号、衡蜡6号、衡蜡4号、衡蜡1号。与电导法(EL)得到的顺序相同,弛豫时间分布系数(ψ)与相对电导率、胞外电阻率(re)及胞内电阻率(ri)均成极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.931、0.930、0.970。弛豫时间分布系数(ψ)可作为测定白蜡抗寒性的最佳参数。     

石墨烯对西梅苗木生长影响的作用机理初探

对西梅苗木添加了不同浓度石墨烯溶胶处理后,测定西梅苗木的叶片胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、水蒸气压亏缺、净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率以及苗木的根长、根重、茎长、茎重、茎直径等指标.试验结果显示,随着石墨烯浓度的升高,西梅苗木的光合作用参数胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,蒸腾速率先升高后变...     

NaCl胁迫对香樟幼苗生理特性的影响

为了探讨香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)在NaCl胁迫条件下的适应性反应,揭示其抗盐碱能力,设置了不同NaCl浓度处理香樟幼苗,并测定了Nacl胁迫下相对电导率、MDA质量摩尔浓度以及游离脯氨酸质量分数的变化。试验结果表明:随着时间的延长,NaCl浓度的增大,相对电导率、MDA质量摩尔浓度以及游离脯氨酸质量分数升高,说明随着时间的延长,浓度的增大,NaCl胁迫加重。     

白皮松茎和针叶的电阻抗参数与抗寒性的相关性

用电阻抗图谱法(EIS)和常规的电导法(EL)测定抗寒锻炼期间不同种源白皮松茎和针叶的抗寒性,比较2种方法的相关性,完善 EIS法测定植物抗寒性技术.抗寒锻炼期间,对北京十三陵苗圃的北京蟒山、甘肃两当和山西孝义3个种源的8年生白皮松茎和针叶的抗寒性进行电阻抗法分析和电导法分析.未经冷冻处理的白皮松茎和针叶的阻抗图谱分别用Double-DCE模型和Model-A模型表示.冷冻处理后的样本,用EIS法和EL法测定其抗寒性.未经冷冻处理样本的弛豫时间τ1,(茎)、胞内电阻率r1(茎和针叶)与抗寒性有较高的相关性(R2=0.79～0.86);冷冻处理后的茎和针叶的胞外电阻率re、针叶细胞膜时间恒量τm与抗寒性显著相关(R2=0.92～0.94);EIS法和EL法测定白皮松茎和针叶抗寒性也具有明显的线性相关,但EIS法较EL法低估抗寒性.EIS法是一种测定植物抗寒性的可行方法,尤其用于估测不经冷冻处理样本的抗寒性.     

刨花润楠对硝酸铅胁迫的生长和生理响应机制

以刨花润楠幼苗为试验材料,研究了在不同浓度硝酸铅处理下的地上和地下生长指标、保护酶活性、丙二醛、叶绿素含量以及电导率等各项生理指标.结果表明:低浓度(300 mg/L)的胁迫对刨花润楠幼苗生长有一定的促进作用,过高浓度的胁迫则抑制生长.刨花润楠幼苗叶片的总叶绿素含量以及保护酶SOD活性均随着胁迫浓度的升高呈先升后降的趋势.电导率、丙二醛含量随着胁迫浓度的升高呈现出先略降后上升的变化趋势.研究表明,刨花润楠幼苗对硝酸铅具有一定的抗性,适宜在一些硝酸铅污染地区进行推广栽植.     

盐胁迫对垂枝桃光合特性及生理特性的影响

以2年生垂枝桃实生苗为研究对象,采用人工模拟不同梯度盐(NaCl)胁迫环境的方法,研究了NaCl胁迫对其光合特性及生理特性的影响。结果表明,垂枝桃叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量均随NaCl浓度的升高表现出先升高后降低的趋势,且均在浓度为0.2%时达到峰值,分别为6.82μmol/(m~2·s),2.79mg/g;叶片内脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均随NaCl浓度的升高呈持续上升的趋势。     

NaCl胁迫对毛竹幼苗叶绿素荧光特性及生理指标的影响

以毛竹幼苗为材料,通过测定在不同浓度(0、50、100、150 mmol.L-1)NaCl胁迫条件下的幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数及生理指标的影响,结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,毛竹幼苗的植株生长量、苗高生长量呈显著下降的趋势;与对照相比,NaCl胁迫条件下,毛竹幼苗叶片的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著降低,PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)显著降低。低NaCl浓度(50 mmol.L-1)胁迫下,光化学淬灭(qP)与对照无显著差异,高NaCl浓度(100~150 mmol.L-1)胁迫下,qP显著下降。非光化学淬灭(NPQ)无显著差异;毛竹叶片的叶绿素含量在低NaCl浓度胁迫下,与对照无显著差异,高NaCl浓度胁迫下,显著降低;各个NaCl浓度处理下的毛竹叶片脯氨酸含量均有显著差异。     

NaCl胁迫对构树组培苗抗氧化酶活性及同工酶谱的影响(英文)

构树组培苗在50,75,100,125和150 mmol-L-1 NaCl胁迫下,SOD,POD,CAT活性和这3种抗氧化酶同工酶谱的变化情况,以及不同浓度NaCI对可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和MDA含量的影响.结果表明:NaCI浓度小于100mmol.L-1时可溶蛋白含量升高,随着NaCl浓度的增加可溶蛋白含量降低.低浓度NaCl使SOD活性略有降低,随着浓度升高活性逐渐增强;SOD同工酶谱在NaCI胁迫后变化明显.POD活性变化趋势与SOD相似,而POD同工酶谱略有变化.CAT活性明显提高,而其同工酶谱变化甚微.此外,NaCl胁迫还导致脯氨酸含量明显升高,而MDA含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势.     

盐胁迫对尖果沙枣和大果沙枣膜脂过氧化和渗透调节的影响

用0％、0.4％、0.8％、1.2％4种浓度NaCl溶液处理大果沙枣(Elaeagnus moorcroftii)和尖果沙(E.oxycarpa)枣幼苗,盐胁迫7、14、21、35d后分别测定4种处理条件下大果沙枣幼苗和尖果沙枣幼苗叶片中可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量,研究盐胁迫对沙枣膜脂过氧化和渗透调节的影响.结果表明:①0.4％NaCl溶液处理和0.8％NaCl溶液处理的两种沙枣幼苗叶片中MDA浓度前期(尖果沙枣21d内,大果沙枣7d内)增幅较小,但随着胁迫时间的延长,MDA浓度增幅变大,1.2％NaCl溶液处理的两种沙枣幼苗叶片中MDA含量最高;②两种沙枣幼苗0.4％、08％、1.2％三个NaCl溶液处理叶片中可溶性糖含量都高于对照水平.     

NaCl胁迫对青檀种子发芽率、叶气体交换和苗木生长的影响

在水培条件下,本文探讨了NaCl胁迫对青檀种子发芽率、叶气体交换和苗木生长的影响。研究结果表明,NaCl胁迫延长了青檀种子的发芽时间,特别是当NaCl浓度超过17mM(1.0g/L)时,发芽率明显降低;NaCl胁迫降低了青檀叶的呼吸速率、气孔导度和净光合速率,并随着NaCl胁迫浓度的提高,下降的幅度更大,但NaCl胁迫苗木胞间隙CO2浓度明显高于对照;与对照相比,在NaCl胁迫50天后,青檀苗木的成活率、苗高和地径生长以及根系、茎和叶生物量显著降低,但茎和叶生物量下降更为明显。本文的研究结果认为,青檀是一种对盐胁迫较敏感的植物,一年生幼苗的耐盐阈值在34mM(2.0g/L)左右。图2表3参27。     

盐胁迫对楝树6个家系实生苗生长的影响

对楝树6个家系幼苗在0,2‰,4‰,6‰和8‰Na Cl单盐胁迫下的苗高、地径、根幅、主根长、根鲜质量、茎鲜质量、叶鲜质量、根干质量、茎干质量、叶干质量和总生物量等11个性状进行测定和分析表明,楝树6个供试家系之间耐盐能力存在差异,不同质量分数Na Cl单盐胁迫对同一家系的多个性状影响显著。上述11个性状有随Na Cl胁迫质量分数增大而降低的趋势,但各家系之间差异较大。根冠比则基本呈现出随Na Cl胁迫质量分数增大而增大的趋势。     

Assessment of frost damage to leafless stem tissues of Quercus petraea: A reappraisal of the method of relative conductivity

Leafless Quercus petraea stems 1.4–5.0 mm in diameterwere exposed to freezing temperatures before assessing frostdamage visually and by two methods where electrolyte leakagefrom tissues was examined. Visual assessment could not discriminatelethal from non-lethal damage, whereas electrolyte leakage could.Assessments based on the rate of electrolyte leakage took almosttwice as many man hours to obtain, but were more consistentthan those produced using the method of relative conductivity.Full equilibration of electrolyte leakage following exposureto freezing temperatures required at least 5 days at 4°C. Autoclaving the tissues at 121°C for 15 min failed to releaseall diffusible electrolytes even after 10 days equilibration,but complete release was achieved 24 h after autoclaving for120 min. Unless full equilibration is achieved, it is impossibleto define a value of relative conductivity that is indicativeof lethal damage. The use of predefined lethal values of relativeconductivity is inad visable because the relative conductivityof undamaged (unfrozen) shoots varies substantially with thephysiological state of the tissues. Allowing 5–7 days after freezing to permit full electrolyteequilibration, followed by autoclaving for 90–120 minat 121°C and allowing 24 h before measurement provides areliable method for assessing freezing injury by the methodof relative conductivity in small pieces of leafless stem tissues.Differences between treatments can then be assessed using standardstatistical procedures.     

Relationship between parameters of electrical impedance spectroscopy and frost hardiness in stems and needles of Pinus bungeana

We studied the frost hardiness (FH) in stems and needles of different Pinus bungeana provenances during frost hardening by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and conventional electrolytic leakage (EL) and compared the regression equations of the two methods in order to optimize the EIS method for studying FH on plants. During frost hardening, EIS and EL were applied to one-year old stems and needles of P. bungeana in an 8-year provenance field trial at the Thirteen Tombs Nursery in Beijing within the provenances of Mangshan of Beijing, Liangdang of Gansu and Xiaoyi of Shanxi provinces, China. A double-DCE model and Model-A were used, respectively, for the EIS analysis of stems and needles that were not exposed to a controlled freezing treatment. After controlled freezing tests, the FH of stems and needles were assessed by EIS and EL. Without controlled freezing tests, the relaxation time (τ ₁) of stems and the specific intracellular resistance (r _i) of stems and needles displayed a statistically significant correlation with FH (R ² = 0.79–0.86); after controlled freezing tests, specific extracellular resistance (r _e) of the stems and needles, the cell membrane time constant (τ _m) of needles displayed an even higher correlation with FH (R ² = 0.92–0.94). There were significant relationship between EIS and EL in assessing the FH of stems and needles of P. bungeana, but EIS underestimated FH more than EL did. EIS is one of the more promising methods for assessing FH, especially without employing a controlled freezing test. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(4): 28–34 [译自:林业 科学]     

Exogenous application of succinic acid enhances tolerance of Larix olgensis seedling to lead stress

Larix olgensis A. Henry(Changbai larch) is a productive commercial species and good candidate for afforestation in northeast China. It is widely planted in lead-stressed soils which can induce oxidative damage in this plant. Increasing tolerance to lead(Pb) stress is therefore of keen interest. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the biomass, physiological responses and Pb accumulation of L. olgensis seedlings to Pb stress under succinic acid(SA) application and to explore the interaction of exogenous SA applications and stress resistance. L. olgensis seedlings were planted in Pb-stressed or unstressed haplic cambisols in pots. In Pb-contaminated soils the seedlings were treated daily with concentrations of SA solutions at a rate approximately equivalent to 0, 0.04,0.2, 1.0, or 2.0 mmol kg~(-1) of soil for 10, 20, and 30 days,respectively. Pb treatment induced damage in the seedlings and led to the inhibition of biomass accumulation in roots,stems and leaves, and a rise in Pb accumulation in fine roots and leaves. Malondialdehyde(MDA) content and electrolyte leakage in leaves significantly increased while peroxidase(POD) activities, soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves were all reduced.Physiological toxicity was promoted with increasing Pb treatment times. When Pb-stressed seedlings were exposed to SA(especially 10.0 mmol L-1 over 20 days), the physiological responses for Pb-only were reversed and the biomass of roots, stems, and leaves dramatically increased.SA facilitated Pb uptake in fine roots and leaves but more Pb accumulated in fine roots. The results demonstrate that exogenous SA alleviates Pb-induced oxidative injuries and improves the tolerance of L. olgensis seedlings to Pb stress.     

外源水杨酸对盐胁迫下白榆生理特性的影响

目的]以白榆幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度水杨酸(SA)的喷施对盐胁迫下白榆生理代谢的影响。[方法]以1年生白榆品种‘白洼一号’幼苗为材料,在0、50、100和150 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl浓度下,喷施不同浓度SA(0、0.5、1.0、2.0 mmol·L~(-1)),处理30 d后对白榆水分生理、膜脂过氧化、光合色素含量和光合气体交换参数进行测定。[结果]表明:(1)盐胁迫下,外源SA可以显著提高白榆叶片相对含水量、可溶性糖含量,并降低丙二醛含量,但对电解质渗透率影响不显著。(2)0.5和2.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA会显著提高50和100 mmol·L~(-1)Na Cl胁迫下白榆叶片的光合色素含量,1.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA对各盐浓度下光合色素含量改善作用均不明显。(3)2.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA的添加提高了盐胁迫下白榆光合气体交换参数,1.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA明显降低了50 mmol·L~(-1)盐浓度下白榆叶片的净光合速率和气孔导度。[结论]适宜浓度的SA能改善白榆的生理参数,隶属函数法综合评价表明:0.5和2.0 mmol·L~(-1)SA对盐胁迫下白榆生理参数的改善作用较明显。     

Effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth of Pteroceltis tatarinowii

Effects of NaCl on seed germination, leaf gas exchange and seedling growth were investigated. The germination of P. tatarinowii seeds was delayed in the presence of NaCl, and was significantly inhibited when NaCl concentration exceeded 17 mM (1.0 g·L⁻¹). NaCl treatments induced reductions of transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate and their reductions were significant with the increasing of NaCl concentration. However, intercellular CO₂ concentration in seedling leaves under salt stress was significantly higher than that of controls. There was a significant reduction in survival, basal diameter increment and height increment with increasing NaCl concentration 50 days after NaCl treatment, and a significant reduction in the dry weight increment of roots, stems, and leaves was also observed in the NaCl treatments. The deleterious effect on the biomass increment was more evident in the case of stems and leaves. Results from this study suggest that P. tatarinowii is sensitive to salinity stress and the salinity threshold for seedling growth might be less 34 mM (2.0 g·L⁻¹). Biography: FANG Sheng-zuo (1963–), male, Professor, College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.     

几种桉树、木麻黄苗期耐寒性研究初报

以5种桉树和5种木麻黄叶片为材料,在不同低温处理以后,测定其电导率,结果表明:直接采用电导率难以对桉树和木麻黄的耐寒性作出评价,而采用电解质透出率评价耐寒性结果较稳定,对电解质透出率配以Logistic曲线方程,且以处于拐点附近的温度做为半致死温度,能定量地评价其耐寒性,为早期选择耐寒桉树和木麻黄提供科学依据。     

短期NaCl胁迫对西伯利亚白刺幼苗Na~+、K~+分配和平衡的影响

[目的]为探究西伯利亚白刺盐适应机制。[方法]以1年生西伯利亚白刺水培幼苗为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、200、300 mmol·L-1)胁迫24 h后根系Na~+、K~+离子流的动态变化(利用扫描离子选择微电极技术,SIET)及植株各器官中Na~+、K~+含量的静态变化(利用电感耦合等离子体光谱仪,ICP-OES)。[结果]表明:(1)短期NaCl胁迫显著提高了西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中Na~+含量,其中,叶中Na~+含量是根中的3倍以上;西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中K~+含量保持稳定或上升;(2)盐胁迫下,西伯利亚白刺根、茎、叶中K~+/Na~+呈下降趋势,其中,在200、300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,根中K~+/Na~+差异不显著;(3)离子流结果显示,NaCl胁迫显著提高了西伯利亚白刺根系Na~+的外流;对照和200 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫下,K~+净流量分别为156、159 pmol·cm-2·s-1,差异不显著;300 mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫显著提高了K~+的内流,净流量为-370 pmol·cm-2·s-1。[结论]综合分析认为,西伯利亚白刺通过叶片对Na~+区隔,加强根系对Na~+的外排和K~+内流,进而维持植株根系K~+/Na~+的相对平衡,以此适应盐渍环境。     

Overwinter Storability of Conifer Planting Stock: Operational Testing of Fall Frost Hardiness

Operational stock-testing facilities that estimate overwinter storability of seedlings (ability to survive and grow after storage) need a reliable method that provides fast results to forest nurseries. We compared three methods using container-grown seedlings of Douglas-fir, interior spruce, lodgepole pine, and western larch from forest nurseries in British Columbia. On three to nine dates in autumn, frost hardiness at −18°C was estimated using visible injury of foliage or stems (VI), electrolyte leakage from needles or stems (EL), and chlorophyll fluorescence of shoots (CF). Seedlings were placed into overwinter cold storage (−2°C). In the spring, stored seedlings were planted in nursery beds; survival and growth were assessed after one growing season. There were close correlations (r ≥ 0.93) between the assessment methods. Seedlings lifted after they reached thresholds of 69% or higher for CF and 25% or lower for EL and VI had over 90% survival at harvest and doubled shoot dry weight compared with seedlings lifted earlier. Measuring CF was the fastest and most easily replicated method to estimate successful storability, and reduced testing time by 6 days relative to VI tests.     

Comparison of three cold hardiness tests for conifer seedlings

Greenhouse-cultured, container-grown ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum Engelm.), interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii (Parry) Engelm.) were cold acclimated and deacclimated in growth chambers over 19 weeks. Cold hardiness was measured weekly by a whole-plant freeze test and by two quick tissue tests: freeze-induced electrolyte leakage of needles, and differential thermal analysis of buds. The whole-plant freeze test provided results in 7 days, and indicated differences in cold hardiness among stems, buds, and needles. Although the whole-plant freeze test could accurately measure cold hardiness, it was not precise, and it required destructive sampling. Results from freeze-induced electrolyte leakage and differential thermal analysis were available in 2 days and 1 hour, respectively. The freeze-induced electrolyte leakage test was a precise, sensitive and objective predictor of changes or differences in tissue cold hardiness. To determine actual cold hardiness, results could be calibrated to the response of the same tissue in the whole-plant freeze test. The speed and objectivity of differential thermal analysis made this test useful for rapid, general assessment of cold hardiness status, but calibration was difficult, and precision varied.