广东省森林资源及碳储量分布

利用2009年广东省森林资源监测数据,研究广东省森林资源和碳储量分布。结果表明,2009年广东省森林资源中2／3是商品林,并以一般用材林为主,速生林（含短轮伐期）的比例不到1／5,生态公益林的面积占林业用地面积1／3;各区域的森林资源中均以商品林为主,占64.7％～73.7％。商品林中除其他区域外均以一般用材林为主,占商品林面积的59.8％～81.3％,而其他区域以速生林为主。广东省的森林碳密度为32.2t／hm^2,其大小呈现粤北〉其他〉粤西〉珠三角〉粤东,森林碳储量为302.3TgC。     

西藏墨脱县森林植被生物量与碳储量分析

基于墨脱县森林资源二类调查数据等材料,采用材积源生物量法以及生物量转换连续因子法等经验模型,分不同森林植被类型计算各个小班的生物量并综合;再根据不同森林植被类型的含碳率计算各个小班的碳储量以及各森林植被类型的碳密度。结果表明,墨脱县实际控制区总的森林植被生物量为77 582 750.1 t,全县单位面积平均生物量为177.61 t/hm2;总碳储量为39 355 414.3 t,全县碳密度平均为90.10 t/hm2。从结果来看,墨脱县的森林生物生产力较高,森林资源质量较好,尤其是云杉(冷杉)的单位面积平均生物量高达311.60 t/hm2,质量非常好;全县单位面积平均生物量、碳密度均为针叶树较阔叶树大。     

湖南省阔叶林生态系统碳储量及其分布

根据2017年湖南省森林资源清查资料和野外实地调查实测数据,对湖南省阔叶林生态系统碳储量、碳密度的动态特征进行了研究。结果表明:湖南省阔叶林森林生态系统总碳贮量为505.17 TgC,其中乔木层、灌草层、枯落物和土壤层层分别为113.75 TgC、9.92 TgC、9.64 TgC和377.86 TgC,分别占阔叶林生态系统碳贮量的22.52%、1.96%、1.91%和73.61%;湖南省阔叶林森林生态系统碳密度为154.51 t·hm^2,各层碳密度的大小顺序为土壤层(113.74 t·hm^-2)>乔木层(34.79 t·hm^-2)>灌草层(3.03 t·hm^-2)>枯落物层(2.95 t·hm^-2)。在3种类型阔叶林中,乡土阔叶林生态系统碳贮量为485.56 TgC,所占全省阔叶林生态系统碳贮量的96.12%;乡土阔叶林生态系统碳密度最大,为154.72 t·hm^-2,杨树林生态系统碳密度最小,为149.59 t·hm^-2。在阔叶林各龄组中,中、幼龄林约占湖南省阔叶林生态系统碳贮量的67.13%,是阔叶林的主要碳库且固碳潜力巨大;湖南省阔叶林碳密度幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成过熟林的碳密度分别介于24.60～55.51 t·hm^-2之间,具体表现为成过熟林(55.51 t·hm^-2)>近熟林(47.51 t·hm^-2)>中龄林(44.68 t·hm^-2)>幼龄林(24.60 t·hm^-2)。全省阔叶林生态系统空间分布表现为碳贮量呈现明显的湘西、湘南,湘中较低特征,而碳密度整体表现出洞庭湖流域地区大于其他地区的趋势。     

Soil carbon stock assessment in the tropical dry deciduous forest of the Sathanur reserve forest of Eastern Ghats,India

Climate change and carbon mitigation through forest ecosystems are some of the important topics in global perspective. Tropical dry forests are one of the most widely distributed ecosystems in tropics, which remain neglected in research. The soil organic carbon (SOC) stock was quantified on a large scale (30 1-ha plots) in the dry deciduous forest of the Sathanur reserve forest of Eastern Ghats. The SOC stock ranged from 16.92 to 44.65 Mg/ha with a mean value of 28.26 ± 1.35 Mg/ha. SOC exhibited a negative trend with an increase in soil depth. A significant positive correlation was obtained between SOC stocks and vegetation characteristics viz. tree density, shrub basal area, and herb species richness, while a significant negative correlation was observed with bulk density. The variation in SOC stock among the plots obtained in the present study could be due to differences in tree abundance, herb species richness, shrub basal area, soil pH, soil bulk density, soil texture etc. The present study generates a large-scale baseline data of dry deciduous forest SOC stock, which would facilitate SOC stock assessment at the national level as well as to understand its contribution on a global scale.     

Estimation of the carbon storage of forest vegetation and carbon emission from forest fires in Heilongjiang Province,China

The forest resource of Heilongjiang province has important position in china. On the basis of the six times of national forest inventory data （1973-1976, 1977-1981, 1985-1988, 1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003） surveyed by the Forestry Ministry of P. R. China from 1973 to 2003, the carbon storage of forests in Heilongjiang Province are estimated by using the method of linear relationship of each tree species between biomass and volume. The results show that the carbon storage of Heilongjiang forests in the six periods （1973-1976, 1977-1981, 1985-1988, 1989-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003） are 7.164×10^8 t, 4.871×10^8 t, 5.094×10^8 t, 5.292×10^8 t, 5.594×10^8 t and 5.410×10^8 t, respectively., which showed a trend of decreasing in early time and then increasing. It indicated that Heilongjiang forests play an important role as a sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide during past 30 years. Based on the data of forest fires from 1980 to 1999 and ground biomass estimation for some forest types in Heilongjiang Province, it is estimated that the amount of mean annual consumed biomass of forests is 391758.65t-522344.95t, accounting for 6.4%-8.4% of total national consummation from forest fires, and the amount of carbon emission is 176 291.39t-235 055.23t, about 8% of total national emission from forest fires. The emission of CO2, CO, CH4 and NMHC from forest fires in Heilongjiang Province are estimated at 581761.6-775682.25 t, 34892.275-46523.04 t, 14091.11-18788.15 t and 6500-9000 t, respectively, every year.     

Spatial modeling of the carbon stock of forest trees in Heilongjiang Province,China

Heilongjiang province is the largest forest zone in China and the forest coverage rate is 46%. Forests of Heilongjiang province play an important role in the forest ecosystem of China. In this study we investi- gated the spatial distribution of forest carbon storage in Heilongjiang province using 3083 plots sampled in 2010. We attempted to fit two global models, ordinary least squares model （OLS）, linear mixed model （LMM）, and a local model, geographically weighted regression model （GWR）, to the relationship between forest carbon content and stand, environment, and climate factors. Five predictors significantly affected forest carbon storage and spatial distribution, viz. average diameter of stand （DBH）, number of trees per hectare （TPH）, elevation （Elev）, slope （Slope） and the product of precipitation and temperature （Rain Temp）. The GWR model outperformed the two global models in both model fitting and prediction because it successfully reduced both spatial auto- correlation and heterogeneity in model residuals. More importantly, the GWR model provided localized model coefficients for each location in the study area, which allowed us to evaluate the influences of local stand conditions and topographic features on tree and stand growth, and forest carbon stock. It also helped us to better understand the impacts of silvi- cultural and management activities on the amount and changes of forest carbon storage across the province. The detailed information can be readily incorporated with the mapping ability of GIS software to provide excellent tools for assessing the distribution and dynamics of the for- est-carbon stock in the next few years.     

湖南省森林生态系统碳汇经济价值初探

通过利用立木蓄积量及森林面积等基本监测数据,对湖南省森林生态系统的碳汇能力及其经济价值进行了初步估算。结果表明:湖南省森林生态系统总贮碳量为2164.95Mt,年固碳量为12.73Mt,其经济价值分别为6603.10亿元和38.84亿元;湖南省森林生态系统平均碳密度为215.42t·hm-2。预计我省森林生态系统固碳增长潜力415.51Mt碳或1524.93MtCO2,由此产生的经济效益平均每年可达60.35亿元。同时还对湖南14个市州的森林碳汇及其经济价值分别进行了估算,并进一步对通过林业建设实现CO2减排进行了探讨。     

辽宁新宾县森林碳储量研究

利用2009年森林资源变档数据,建立不同树种(组)生物量与蓄积量之间的回归方程,对新宾县森林碳储量进行估算。结果表明:新宾县森林总碳储量1 476.86万t,栎林和落叶松林碳储量占78.0%,幼中林碳储量占65.9%,全县森林平均碳密度48.90 t.hm-2。     

基于林分生长过程的辽东山区森林植被固碳潜力及其价值研究

利用基于林分生长过程的Richards生长方程以及蓄积量转换生物量模型,评估了辽宁冰砬山长白落叶松人工林和蒙古栎天然次生林两种典型森林类型4个龄级的植被固碳速率、固碳潜力和潜在固碳价值。研究结果表明:两种森林的单位面积植被固碳潜力总体上都是随着龄级的增加单位面积植被固碳潜力在增加。除中龄林外,长白落叶松人工林各个龄级的植被单位面积固碳潜力均比蒙古栎天然次生林大。长白落叶松人工林各龄级森林植被单位面积潜在固碳价值在2 113~9 656元,蒙古栎天然次生林在1 594~4 195元。长白落叶松人工林2000年和2005年的固碳潜力分别为14和11 Gg·a-1,潜在固碳价值分别为1 700和1 300万元·a-1,与2000年相比,2005年固碳潜力和潜在固碳价值都有所降低;蒙古栎天然次生林2000年和2005年的固碳潜力分别为4.8和5.4 Gg·a-1,潜在固碳价值分别为600和700万元·a-1,与2000年相比,2005年固碳潜力和潜在固碳价值都有所增加。     

江西金盆山林区天然常绿阔叶林生态系统碳储量研究

【目的】探讨亚热带典型天然常绿阔叶林碳储量及其碳分布格局,以期为常绿阔叶林生态系统碳汇功能评价提供基础数据和理论依据。【方法】以江西省金盆山林区优势树种生态系统生物量研究为基础,结合主要优势树种碳含量实测数据,对金盆山典型常绿阔叶林丝栗栲林、南岭栲林、米槠林的碳储量及碳空间分布格局进行研究,并以这3种林分的碳密度均值计算整个金盆山林区天然常绿阔叶林总碳储量。【结果】金盆山林区丝栗栲林、南岭栲林、米槠林生态系统碳密度分别为294.82、307.63、318.97 t/hm^2,林区生态系统总碳密度为307.14 t/hm^2,林区现存碳总量为2.25×10^6 t;生态系统碳密度分布规律为植被层>土壤层>凋落物层,植被层碳密度分布规律为乔木层>灌木层>草本层,其中乔木层主干的碳密度占56.54%;土壤层碳密度随着土壤层的加深呈下降趋势,40 cm以下土层间的碳密度变化不明显。【结论】金盆山林区常绿阔叶林不同林分间生态系统碳密度差异不显著,生态系统内碳密度有较强的空间分布规律,生态系统碳密度高于我国森林生态系统平均碳密度和多种典型森林类型碳密度,具有较强的碳汇功能。     

异速模型评估森林植被生物量有机碳储量

在孟加拉的吉大港南部森林地区,利用异速模型评估森林植被的有机碳的储量.异速模型被分别应用测试树木(被划分两个胸高直径级)、灌木和草本植物.采用基部面积估算胸高直径级为从> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 和> 15 cm树木的生物量有机碳储量模型最好,分别有很高的决定系数(胸高直径级> 5 cm 到 ≤ 15 cm 的r2 为0.73697,胸高直径级> 15 cm 的r2为0.87703),且回归系数(P = 0.000)显著.其它模型(包括采用树高,胸高直径,树高和胸高直径,以及综合树高、胸高直径和木材密度)的线性和对数关系都表现出很低的决定系数.分别建立了20种优势树种的异速模型,采用树木基部面积的模型都得到很高的决定系数值.单独采用灌木和草本植物总生物量的异速模型有较高的决定系数(灌木的r2 为0.87948,草本植物的r2 为0.87325),且回归(系数)性显著(P = 0.000).生物量有机碳的评估是复杂的和耗时的研究,本研究所建立的异速模型可以应用于孟加拉和其它热带(地区)国家的森林植被的有机碳储量的测算.     

黑龙江省森林碳库碳储量、碳密度及吸碳吐氧价值研究

根据2008年黑龙江省森林面积蓄积统计资料,按照18个森林类型的蓄积量,分别估算了黑龙江省森林碳库的生物碳储量、土壤碳储量,并分析了森林碳库生物碳密度的分布规律和影响因素,同时对黑龙江省森林吸碳吐氧价值进行了经济评价。结果表明,黑龙江省森林碳库生物碳储量为8.93亿 t,同时吸收二氧化碳32.93亿 t,释放氧气23.81亿 t;黑龙江省森林土壤碳储量为9.29亿 t,同时森林土壤吸收二氧化碳34.06亿 t,释放氧气24.77亿 t。     

Relationship between vegetation carbon storage and urbanization: A case study of Xiamen, China

Rapid growth of the Chinese urban population and the expansion of urban areas have led to changes in urban forest structure and composition, and consequently changes in vegetation carbon storage. The purpose of this study is to quantify the effects of urbanization on vegetation carbon storage in Xiamen, a city located in southern China. Data used for this study were collected from 39,723 sample plots managed according to the forest management planning inventory program. Data from these plots were collected in 4 non-consecutive years: 1972, 1988, 1996 and 2006. The study area was divided into three zones, which were defined according to their level of urbanization: the urban core, the suburban zone, and the exurban zone. Total vegetation carbon storage and the vegetation carbon density for each study period were calculated for each zone. Our results show that urban vegetation carbon storage has increased by 865,589.71 t during the period from 1972 to 2006 (34 years) in Xiamen, with a rapid increase between 1972 and 1996, then relatively little change between 1996 and 2006. The increase in vegetation carbon storage is mainly due to the large percentages of the suburban and exurban areas which exist in Xiamen city, and the implementation of reforestation programs in these two zones. The percentage of total regional carbon storage in the city center (urban core), suburbs and exurbs was 5%, 23% and 72%, respectively. This demonstrates that the exurbs store the majority of vegetation carbon, and thus play a critical role in the vegetation carbon storage of the study area. The intensification of urbanization in the future will likely expand the urban core and reduce the area of the suburbs and exurbs, and thus potentially decrease total vegetation carbon storage. This article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these results for vegetation carbon management and urban landscape planning.     

An integrated approach to assess carbon credit from improved forest management

Fossil fuel consumption in recent decades has caused the rise of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere, with negative consequences on the environment and human health. This study develops a methodological framework to quantify carbon credits from carbon-oriented forest management and evaluates the economic sustainability of their sale. Application of the framework to two forest compartments with long-lasting active management in the Western Italian Alps showed the feasibility of the methodology and provided insights on its replication in other contexts. Particularly, the Carbon-oriented scenario led to a reduction of both the extracted wood volume (10% and 6.5% CASE1 and CASE2, respectively) and Net Present Value (32% and 29%), leading to a carbon credit price of 19.6 € MgCO_2eq^?1? and 44.1 € MgCO_2eq^?1 to counteract these losses.

This work allows us to highlight the factors needed to design and evaluate alternative forest management options while considering the consequences of climate change. Moreover, the hypothesized scenarios include an economic remuneration of the positive externalities provided by sustainable forest management.

Finally, the proposed workflow entails undeniable environmental benefits while contrasting climate change but still looks undesirable with respect to the traditional timber-oriented management in compartments where high-quality wood products can be obtained.     

Preliminary estimation of carbon stock in a logging concession with a forest management plan in East Cameroon

ABSTRACT

Logging operations in Cameroon are based on the extraction of wood from natural forests. In this article, we assessed the carbon stock in a forest management unit (FMU) located in East Cameroon from field inventory to postfelling operations up to sawmill and export terminals. Tree basal area and aboveground biomass were calculated based on trees inventoried in the annual allowable cut. We observed that from an exploitable tree potential of 0.696 trees ha^?1 inventoried within a diameter range of 50–110 cm, 0.141 tree ha^?1 (i.e., 20% of the inventoried trees) were logged. In other words, out of 6.78 tC ha^?1 inventoried, 1.84 tC ha^?1 (i.e., 27% was logged), 1.62 tC ha^?1 arrived in the log yard and 1.3 tC ha^?1 arrived in sawmill, while 0.32 tC ha^?1 reached the export terminal. In terms of damages caused on vegetation, 4.45% of all the annual allowance cut (AAC) were affected during logging activities, this represents almost 33,188.07 tons of carbon. These findings show that the implementation of reduced-impact logging (RIL) could reduce these losses throughout the logging steps and help propose a process for the valuation of wood waste in the forest and sawmill. In this context, reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation will be engaged with the right approach.     

亚热带山地土壤碳动态与吸存研究进展

简述了森林土壤有机碳的来源与损失,概述了森林经营、植被条件、自然条件、山地利用方式以及不同的环境因素等对山地土壤有机碳的影响,总结介绍了当前对土壤碳储量动态变化的研究进展,为恢复亚热带山地土壤肥力、缓解全球变暖提供基础理论依据。     

鸡公山自然保护区森林植被生物量及活碳蓄积量研究

运用鸡公山科学考察资料及1999年森林资源清查资料,采用森林材积源生物量推算方法研究了鸡公山森林植被生物量及其活碳蓄积量。结果表明:鸡公山森林植被生物量总值为309 202t,平均森林植被生物量为111.7t／hm2,高于全国平均水平(77.4t／hm2);鸡公山森林植被的总活碳蓄积量为154 601t,平均活碳密度为56MgC／hm2,高于中国森林植被活碳密度的平均水平(38.7 MgC／hm2),但低于全球平均碳密度(86MgC／hm2)。不同林型活碳蓄积密度分析结果表明,马尾松、杉木和栎类林木的活碳蓄积密度分别为30MgC／hm2,39 MgC／hm2和70MgC／hm2,均高于全国同类型森林植物的活碳蓄积密度的平均值,而次生阔叶混交林的碳蓄积密度略低于全国平均水平。鸡公山自然保护区67％的森林为中龄林,27％的森林为幼龄林,在增加碳蓄积方面还有巨大的潜力。     

经营森林理念及其在吉林省的应用研究

本文提出了经营森林理念,并阐述了在市场经济条件下经营森林的内涵及与传统的森林经营的区别;分析、总结了经营森林理念在吉林省实施“三大区域战略”,即东部“大森林”、中部“大粮仓”、西部“大草原”的应用实践与经验;吉林林业走的是生态建设产业化、产业发展生态化的道路,探索出了生态与经济协调发展、经济与生态双重产出的符合吉林省林情的发展模式。     

贵州省1995—2015年森林碳储量时空变化研究

根据贵州省1995—2015年5期森林资源连续清查数据,采用材积源生物量法,研究贵州省森林碳储量的时空变化,为森林增汇及喀斯特植被生态恢复提供参考.结果表明:1995—2015年,贵州省森林面积净增长275.52×104 hm2;森林碳储量增长显著,由1995年的76.89 Tg C增至2015年的253.65 Tg ...     

安徽省青阳县栎类阔叶林乔木层固碳效益研究

森林是重要的陆地生态系统,在应对全球气候变化中扮演着重要的角色。森林碳汇指森林等吸收并储存CO：的多少,或者吸收并储存CO2的能力。森林碳汇对降低大气中温室气体浓度、减缓全球气候变暖具有十分重要的作用。目前国内有关森林碳汇的计量方法主要有蓄积量法、生物量法和基于蓄积量法、生物量法的生物清单法。对于生物量一碳储量转换因子...