Association of a missense mutation in the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) with superovulation traits in Chinese Holstein heifers

Background

Upon binding luteinizing hormone in the ovary, the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) is necessary for follicular maturation and ovulation, as well as luteal function. We detected mutations in the LHCGR gene and evaluated their association with superovulation.

Methods

Using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and DNA sequencing, we examined polymorphisms in LHCGR and the genotypes associated with superovulation traits in 127 Chinese Holstein heifers.

Results

A G/T polymorphism (ss52050737) in exon 11 was significantly associated with the total number of ova and the number of transferable embryos.

Conclusions

LHCGR may be a new predictor for superovulation in Chinese Holstein heifers.     

兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素基因多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

为了解兴义鸭肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin,MSTN)基因SNPs与屠宰性状的相关性,本研究采用基因克隆及PCR产物直接测序的方法,将MSTN基因作为鸭屠宰性状的候选基因,对兴义鸭的MSTN基因外显子进行多态性检测.结果表明,在60个兴义鸭个体中筛选出8个SNPs,其中,第1外显子有5个突变位点:SNP1(G77A)、SNP2(A91G)、SNP3(G130A)、SNP4(C325T)和SNP5(C331T);在第2外显子中并未发现突变位点;第3外显子有3个突变位点:SNP6(C206T)、SNP7(A235G)和SNP8(C256A);对这8个SNPs与屠宰性状进行关联性分析,结果并未达到显著水平(P>0.05).本研究结果可丰富MSTN基因的研究数据,为鸭的育种提供参考.     

荷斯坦奶牛STAT5A基因的SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析

根据GenBank公布的牛STAT5A基因的2个SNPs（AJ237937和AF079568）的引物序列,采用PCR-SS-CP方法对758头中国荷斯坦奶牛进行了STAT5A基因多态性检测,并将其与5个产奶性状进行了关联分析。在SNP1的9501碱基处发现A→G突变;SNP2中发现2个连锁点突变,即12 440位T→C和12 550位的CCT插入/缺失;方差分析结果表明：SNP1对乳蛋白率有显著影响（P〈0.05）;SNP2对产奶量有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,对乳脂量、乳蛋白量有显著影响（P〈0.05）;单倍型组合对产奶量和乳蛋白量有极显著影响（P〈0.01）,对乳脂量有显著影响（P〈0.05）。多重比较分析表明SNP2的AB基因型的产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量的最小二乘均数极显著（P〈0.01）或显著（P〈0.05）高于基因型AA;而单倍型组合H1H2的产奶量、乳脂量和乳蛋白量的最小二乘均数显著（P〈0.05）或极显著（P〈0.01）高于其它4种单倍型组合;H3H4对产奶量和乳蛋白量的效应极显著高于其它4种单倍型组合（P〈0.01）。结果提示：STAT5A基因可以作为奶牛产奶性状的候选分子遗传标记。     

The SNP genotypes of growth hormone gene associated with reproductive traits in Tsaiya ducks

Our previous cDNA microarray study showed that the growth hormone (GH) gene may involve in the duck egg formation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between GH genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and reproductive traits of Tsaiya ducks. Primer pairs for the coding region in the GH were designed based on the duck genomic sequence. Polymorphisms were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand polymorphism (SSCP) and were verified by DNA sequencing. Nineteen SNPs were identified in the duck GH gene, of which three coding SNPs (C3169T, C3700T and C5058G) were genotyped to investigate the associations with reproductive traits. The results showed that each SNP was associated with at least one duck fertility-related trait (p < 0.05). Haplotypes constructed on these three SNPs were associated with fertility rate (FR) and maximum duration of fertility (MDF) (p < 0.05). In particular, diplotype H1H1 was dominant for FR and MDF. This suggested that GH gene polymorphisms are associated with duck fertility-related traits. The SNPs in this gene may be used as potential markers for marker-assisted selection.     

中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的SNPs检测及其与产奶性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究中国荷斯坦奶牛真核生物翻译延伸因子1D（eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 delta,EEF1D）基因的多态性及其与产奶性状的相关性。利用Sequenom MassARRAY SNP分型技术对宁夏地区1 252头中国荷斯坦奶牛EEF1D基因的多态性进行了检测,并对其多态位点不同基因型和组合基因型与产奶性状进行了关联分析。结果显示,EEF1D基因的5'侧翼区存在2个SNPs位点,即EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3;经检测发现,EEF1D-1存在2种基因型,EEF1D-3存在3种基因型。χ²检验表明,中国荷斯坦奶牛在EEF1D-1位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P < 0.05）,在EEF1D-3位点未偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态（P > 0.05）;EEF1D-1和EEF1D-3位点多态信息含量（PIC）分别为0.10和0.28,分别呈现低度多态和中度多态。在试验群体中,EEF1D-1位点对乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,对305 d产奶量性状的效应达到显著水平（P<0.05）;EEF1D-3位点对305 d产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率性状的效应均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）;EEF1D基因的优势基因型组合GG-AG和GG-GG个体乳脂率均显著高于GG-AA组合个体（P<0.05）。说明EEF1D基因可以作为影响中国荷斯坦奶牛产奶性状的候选基因用于标记辅助选择。     

牛趋化因子受体基因1第2外显子的单核苷酸多态性分析

采用DNA测序、巢氏PCR和CRS-PCR方法对中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛的趋化因子受体基因1(CXCR1)的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)进行研究,在第2外显子上发现了4个SNPs,分别为291 bp(C/T)、333 bp(C/T)、337 bp(A/G)和365 bp(C/T),这4个位点在中国荷斯坦牛、鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛群体中均达到中度多态(0.25PIC0.5),优势等位基因分别为C、C、A、C,等位基因频率分别为0.82/0.67/0.65、0.80/0.74/0.71、0.70/0.65/0.82、0.56/0.58/0.56。经χ2适合性检验,渤海黑牛所有位点全部达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;荷斯坦牛在突变位点291 bp(C/T)、333 bp(C/T)和337 bp(A/G)达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态;鲁西黄牛仅在365 bp(C/T)位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。     

Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms of complement component 4 gene (C4A) in Chinese Holstein cattle and their associations with milk performance traits and CH50

Complement component 4 (C4A) is a candidate gene that reflects complement activity. The primary role of this gene in the classical and lectin-activation pathways is to provide protection against bacterial pathogens. In the current study, the bovine complement C4A gene was screened for polymorphisms, and the associations of these polymorphisms with the hemolytic activity of the classical pathway (CH50), C4 serum levels, and milk performance traits were examined. Three novel single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs 132741478: g.2994 A>G, rs 134006517: g.3508 A>G, and rs 137485678: g.3649 G>C) were detected by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP in 1182 Chinese Holstein cows. The rs 132741478: g.2994 A>G mutation in exon 10 led to methionine and valine exchange at position 362, whereas rs 134006517: g.3508 A>G and rs 137485678: g.3649 G>C were synonymous substitutions. The statistical analyses revealed that cows with rs 132741478: g.2994 A>G-AG and rs 137485678: g.3649 G>C-CC have significantly lower somatic cell scores (SCS, P<0.01). Homozygote cows with GAC haplotypes have the lowest SCS, whereas AAG/AAC cows have the highest. The serum concentration of C4 by ELISA and the hemolytic and antibacterial activity of CH50 were also evaluated in the current study. The results confirmed that rs 132741478: g.2994 A>G in the coding sequence of the β-chain of the bovine C4A gene is related to mastitis resistance. This polymorphism may be very important in marker-assisted selections in dairy cattle breeding programs.     

Effect of LEPR,ABCG2 and SCD1 Gene Polymorphisms on Reproductive Traits in the Iranian Holstein Cattle

During the last decades, genetic selection for milk production traits has led to increased fertility and health problems in dairy cattle. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of three polymorphisms located in the ATP‐binding cassette superfamily G member 2 transporter (ABCG2), stearoyl‐CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes on reproductive traits and somatic cell count (SCC). The analysis was conducted on 408 randomly selected cows. The SNPs within the genes (LEPR, ABCG2 and SCD1) were genotyped using the PCR‐RFLP method. All three possible genotypes were observed for SCD1‐T878C and LEPR‐T945M SNPs, but not for ABCG2‐Y581S SNP. LEPR‐T945M and ABCG2‐Y581S SNPs had no statistically significant effect on the studied reproductive traits and SCC. However, SCD1‐T878C SNP were negatively and significantly related to pregnancy length, dry days and open days (p < 0.05), which lead to decreased profitability in dairy herds. The results suggest that the T878C SNP of SCD1 might be useful as a DNA marker to decrease reproductive problems and improve production traits in Iranian Holstein dairy cows.     

荷斯坦母牛AHCY基因PCR-SSCP分析

根据已发表的牛AHCY基因序列设计13对引物,采用PCR-SSCP方法在210头荷斯坦母牛中检测S-腺苷高半胱氨酸水解酶（S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase,AHCY）基因全部10个外显子的单核苷酸多态性,同时分析该基因对荷斯坦母牛乳房炎抗性的影响。结果表明,AHCY基因的10个外显子在检测的荷斯坦母牛中都不存在多态性,AHCY基因外显子区域可能不存在影响乳房炎抗性的遗传标记。     

UCP2基因遗传多态性与西门塔尔牛生长相关性状的遗传效应分析

本研究旨在分析UCP2基因SNPs及其单倍型与肉牛饲料转化率和体尺等生长相关性状的相关性。以118头西门塔尔牛为试验材料,利用DNA池和PCR-RFLP方法检测UCP2基因G118A、C161T、C215G、C305T位点多态性,构建单倍型并与生长性状进行相关分析。结果表明,G118A、C161T和C305T位点均与饲料转化率显著相关(P<0.05),其中杂合个体均值显著高于纯合个体且料肉比较高,而纯合个体之间差异不显著。位点C161T和C305T对胸围和腹围发挥主要影响作用,在差异显著表型性状中,TT基因型显著大于CC基因型个体。所构建的单倍型与单个SNP分析结果较为一致。综合考虑饲料转化率、平均日增体质量、胸围和腹围,建议将C161T和C305T位点的纯合个体TT基因型作为提高肉牛生长性状的候选分子标记。     

MET基因多态性与中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和泌乳性状的关联分析

为筛选与中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和泌乳性状相关的遗传标记，本研究从分子水平探究了MET基因单核苷酸多态（single nucleotide polymorphisms，SNPs）与繁殖和泌乳性状的相关性。通过混池测序法在70头无血缘关系的健康中国荷斯坦公牛中扫描目标基因的SNPs，采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR （kompetitive allele-specific PCR，KASP）对其后代1 160头中国荷斯坦泌乳牛进行部分SNP的基因分型，基于连锁不平衡分析获得双倍型信息，并采用线性模型对SNP及其双倍型与5个繁殖和6个泌乳性状的估计育种值（estimated breeding values，EBV）进行关联分析。随后，针对位于功能区域的SNPs进行生物信息学分析和基因表达量相关性分析，初步探究其潜在的调控机制。本研究在MET基因中共检测到19个SNPs，说明该基因存在丰富的遗传变异；就其中7个SNPs进行了基因分型，分型结果与目标性状的关联分析结果显示，7个SNPs与多个性状存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）的关联；位于上游调控区的g.51737889T>C位点GG基因型个体的初产日龄、青年牛首末配种间隔、经产牛首末配种间隔、体细胞评分的EBV最低，说明该基因型个体同时具有较好的繁殖性能和泌乳性能；另一个位于上游调控区的g.51736640A>C位点GG基因型个体的初产日龄、青年牛首末配种间隔、经产牛首末配种间隔、体细胞评分的EBV最低，但乳蛋白率、乳脂率的EBV最低，说明该基因型个体繁殖性能较好，但泌乳性能相对较差；此外，位于第6外显子的g.51660569G>A位点TC基因型个体初产日龄的EBV较低，青年牛首末配种间隔、经产牛首末配种间隔、体细胞评分的EBV最低，说明该基因型个体具有较好的繁殖性能。连锁不平衡分析发现，该基因的7个SNPs形成2个单倍型块，其双倍型与目标性状的关联分析进一步表明，单倍型块1中H1H3个体的繁殖性能较好且泌乳性能中等，单倍型块2中H4H4个体的繁殖性能和泌乳性能均较优秀，为两个优势双倍型；此外，H1H3包含g.51660569G>A位点的TC基因型，H4H4为g.51737889T>C、g.51736640A>C两位点GG基因型的组合，其关联分析结果与单个位点的结果一致。基序分析结果表明，g.51737889T>C与g.51736640A>C位点的优势等位基因G可富集到与基因激活、细胞增殖、分化相关的转录因子，且两位点GG基因型的MET基因表达量均最高，其双倍型H4H4表达量也较高，进一步验证了关联分析结果。综上，本研究获得了中国荷斯坦牛MET基因的多态性图谱，并通过关联分析、生物信息学预测及基因表达量分析发现并验证了MET基因与繁殖、泌乳性状的遗传关联，为中国荷斯坦牛高产高效选育提供了可用的遗传标记。     

中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因多态性及其与繁殖和产奶性状的关联分析

【目的】 探究磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚单位β（PIK3CB）基因多态性及其与中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和产奶性状的关系。【方法】 通过混池测序对中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点筛选,采用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR （KASP）技术在1 160头健康泌乳中国荷斯坦牛中进行SNP分型并进行群体遗传学分析,采用线性模型进行SNP与11个繁殖和产奶性状基于单位点和单倍型组合的关联分析。【结果】 在PIK3CB基因中共检测到了17个SNPs,筛选出7个SNPs用于后续分析。关联分析发现,7个SNPs与多个目标性状存在显著或极显著的关联（P<0.05;P<0.01）;位于外显子区域的g.130433743 A>G位点AA基因型个体和位于可变剪接区域的g.130448069 G>A位点GG基因型个体,其经产牛首末次配种间隔、产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量最低,体细胞评分最高,上述基因型个体具有较短的首末次配种间隔,而产奶性能相对较差;g.130387717 G>A位点AA基因型个体,其初配日龄和青年牛首末次配种间隔最低,产奶量、乳蛋白量和乳脂量最高,该基因型个体的繁殖和产奶性能均较好,上述3个SNPs位点可作为中国荷斯坦牛繁殖和产奶性状的候选位点重点关注。单倍型分析发现,PIK3CB基因的g.130387717 G>A、g.130430832 A>－、g.130433743 A>G、g.130433982 C>T、g.130446073 C>T和g.130448069 G>A 6个SNPs紧密连锁形成一个单倍型块,且与多个目标性状存在显著或极显著关联（P<0.05;P<0.01）,其中H2H3和H2H4单倍型组合个体的繁殖和产奶性能较好,为优势单倍型组合。【结论】 中国荷斯坦牛PIK3CB基因存在丰富的遗传变异,其多态性与繁殖和产奶性状存在关联,g.130433743 A>G、g.130448069 G>A和g.130387717 G>A位点可作为潜在分子标记,为中国荷斯坦牛的平衡育种提供理论依据。     

Association of polymorphisms for nuclear receptor coactivator 1 gene with egg production traits in the maternal line of Shaobo hens

1. The objectives of the study were to find polymorphic sites and elucidate the association between SNPs in the nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) gene and reproductive traits. 2. SNPs were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. Four SNPs were detected, including T10155007A, T10125838C, G10118492A and G10109315T. Three polymorphisms were associated with total egg production at the age of 300 d and the G10109315T polymorphism was associated with age at first egg. 3. In conclusion, the NCOA1 gene can be used as a molecular marker for reproductive traits in hens.     

奶山羊AGPAT6基因多态性与生长性状的关联分析

利用限制性片段长度多态性聚合酶链反应技术对549只西农萨能和关中奶山羊群的AGPAT6基因遗传多态性与生长性状(体高、体长和胸围)的相关性进行研究.结果表明AGPAT6基因存在4个单核苷酸多态性:P1、P2、P4与P10位点分别位于5′UTR (g.152G＞C)、内含子2(g.8124G＞A)、外显子4(g.9263C＞G)和3′UTR(g.16436G＞A).经关联分析,P2、P4和P10三位点在西农萨能奶山羊和关中奶山羊品种中都属于中度多态,4个SNPs的不同基因型对两个奶山羊品种的生长性状影响均不显著(P＞0.05).     

延边黄牛甲状腺球蛋白基因的SNPs及其与生长性状的关联分析

The SNPs of Yanbian Yellow cattles thyroglobulin (TG) gene were detected by cloning and sequencing, confirmed by technique of PCR-RFLP,and studied the association of polymorphisms of TG gene with growth traits. The results showed that there were C218T and A430G two mutations in the exon 48 in TG gene of Yanbian Yellow cattle. The association analysis showed that the chest breadth with TT genotype in C218T locus was significantly higher than that of CT genotype（P＜0.05）. A430G locus polymorphism significantly associated with the body weight, rump length and hucklebone width（P＜0.05）. The body weight of GG genotype was higher than AA genotype（P＜0.05）, the rump length of AA and AG genotypes were higher than GG genotype（P＜0.05）,and the hucklebone width of AG genotype was higher than GG genotype within population（P＜0.05）.In a word, C218T and A430G SNPs might be a good DNA marker to be used in MAS for growth traits.     

Effect of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci on reproduction, milk yield and lameness of Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms at the STAT5A and FGF2 gene loci with fertility, lactation milk yield and lameness in dairy cattle. Five hundred and eighteen primiparous Holstein cows were included in the study. Several reproductive traits were considered including conception rate (0/1) at first insemination, conception rate (0/1) in a 305-day lactation, number of inseminations per conception, interval (days) from calving to conception for cows that conceived in the first 305 days of lactation and age at first calving. Milk yield and lameness incidence were also recorded. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP. The effect of allele substitution at each gene locus on reproductive traits, milk yield and lameness was assessed with single-trait mixed linear models. No significant associations were found between reproduction traits and any of the studied polymorphisms, apart from age at first calving, for which STAT5A polymorphism had a suggestive effect (P = 0.077). In addition, no significant effect of any polymorphism on lameness was found. Replacement of the C by G allele at the STAT5A locus was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in lactation milk yield, suggesting that this locus could be considered in gene assisted selection for the genetic improvement of milk production.     

中国荷斯坦牛PPAR-α基因多态性研究及其与耐热性能的关联分析

本研究采用PCR方法扩增牛过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors,PPAR-α)基因的内含子3,获得589 bp的片段,利用DNA测序技术发现1个新SNP位点,即44087(G/A);同时利用PCR-RFLP技术对这该SNP位点进行基因型分型,分别分析了771头中国荷斯坦牛、136头鲁西黄牛和37头渤海黑牛PPAR-α基因该位点的多态性。结果表明,在这3个群体中PPAR-α基因44087(G/A)位点普遍表现为GG基因型频率最高,优势等位基因为G;χ²适合性检验结果表明,该位点在中国荷斯坦牛和鲁西黄牛群体中都未达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＜0.05),在这个基因座位上均有丰富的多态信息含量。对中国荷斯坦奶牛44087(G/A)位点不同基因型与SCS、产奶性能及耐热性能进行最小二乘均值显著性检验结果表明,在PPAR-α基因该位点GA基因型是优良基因型,其个体的SCS值显著低于GG基因型(P<0.05),并且GA基因型乳蛋白率显著高于GG基因型(P<0.05),在炎热环境中产奶下降率显著低于GG基因型(P<0.05)。由此分析GA基因型可能有利于提高中国荷斯坦奶牛的产奶性能。在人工选择的过程中,选择GA基因型的个体,可以降低热应激给奶牛带来的危害,同时又能够提高牛奶品质和产量。     

中国荷斯坦牛DGAT2基因第4外显子与产奶性状的关联分析

本试验以宁夏地区8个公牛家系的各8头女儿共计64头中国荷斯坦母牛为研究对象．利用AB13730测序仪对DGAT2基因Exon4进行了基因型检测后发现三个突变位点474bp（C／G）、48lbp（G／A）、621bp（C／T）,各个位点发现有两种基因型,分别为CC型、GC型,GG型、GA型,CC型和CT型,基因型频率分别为0．484、0．516,0．687、0．313,0．484和0．516。通过SAS软件（8．02）对4个产奶性状与DGAT2基因Exon4的关联分析表明．474bp（C／G）CG型305d产奶量和乳脂率显著高于CC型（P〈0．05）,乳蛋白率、体细胞数影响不显著（P〉0．05）;481bp（G／A）GA型305d产奶量显著高于GG型,与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞数无显著的相关性（P〉0．05）;621bp（C／T）CT型305d产奶量、乳蛋白率、体细胞数都显著高于CC型（P〈0．05）,乳脂率影响不显著（P〉O．05）。     

Leptin基因对陆川猪和大白猪产仔数的影响

根据leptin基因在GenBank中的已知序列设计两对引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术在陆川猪和大白猪群体中进行单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）检测,发现了两个SNPs位点,并对其不同基因型个体PCR回收产物进行测序,同时对这两个SNPs位点与产仔数进行了关联分析。结果表明：这两个SNPs位点分别是在第3 469碱基处发生了T→C突变和第3 714碱基处发生了T→G突变,这两个突变都是同义突变;T3714G SNP对陆川猪产仔数影响显著（P〈0.05）,而对大白猪产仔数影响不显著（P〉0.05）,T3 469C SNP对陆川猪和大白猪产仔数影响均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

Polymorphisms in growth hormone gene and their associations with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle

The objectives of this study were to detect effective genetic polymorphisms of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene associated with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle. Fifty‐eight sires and 47 breeding cows were used to detect the polymorphisms in exons by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Four homozygous and six heterozygous SSCP genotypes were identified in exon 5. Although each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been reported, these genotypes were caused by three SNPs at the nucleotide positions 2141, 2277 and 2291. Four haplotypes C‐C‐A, G‐C‐A, C‐C‐C and G‐T‐A were newly identified. It was suggested that other haplotypes not detected in this study may not exist, considering the allele frequencies reported in Bos taurus and Bos indicus, and the migrating process of native Japanese cattle. Thereafter, we examined associations between the detected polymorphic sites in exon 5 by PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism and calf weight using 53 breeding dams and 135 calves. The birth weights of calves with haplotype G‐C‐A are significantly lighter and calves' weights produced by cows with such haplotype are also lighter at 30 days old, using regression analysis. Although further research is necessary, these results may serve as a useful criterion to select breeding stocks, especially in maternal abilities.