3种不同树龄桉树无性系木材纤维特性研究

为了解不同树龄桉树无性系木材的纤维特性，以尾巨桉DH32-26(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis DH32-26)、尾巨桉DH32-29(E. urophylla×E. grandis DH32-29)和巨尾桉广林9号（E. grandis×E. urophylla GLGU9）3种桉树无性系为材料，分别测试其4年生、6年生和8年生木材的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比和纤维壁厚，对其木材纤维特性进行研究。结果表明，3种桉树无性系木材的纤维长度和纤维壁厚均随树龄增加逐渐增加，径向上（自髓心向外）呈增加趋势；木材纤维宽度随树龄增加略有增加，变化不大，径向上（自髓心向外）逐渐增加。3种桉树无性系木材的纤维长宽比变化规律基本一致，均随树龄增加缓慢增大后小幅度波动，径向上（自髓心向外）增大。不同树龄间，尾巨桉DH32-26和DH32-29木材纤维长度、尾巨桉DH32-26木材纤维宽度及巨尾桉广林9号木材纤维壁厚均差异极显著；巨尾桉广林9号木材纤维长度、尾巨桉DH32-29木材纤维宽度及尾巨桉DH32-26和DH32-29木材纤维壁厚均差异显著；巨尾桉广林9号木材纤维...     

9个桉树无性系木纤维径向变异研究

为研究不同无性系桉树的木纤维特性和变异规律,采用木材解剖技术,测定9个尾叶桉×巨桉无性系的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比和腔径比等纤维特性指标,分析这些特征在径向上的变异规律。结果显示：9个无性系的纤维长度、宽度、双壁厚、长宽比、壁腔比和腔径比的变异范围分别为899.74～1 038.08μm, 17.41～20.77μm, 8.07～12.13μm, 44.15～60.07,0.96～2.04,0.41～0.57;综合分析各纤维指标,DH33-9、LEI9、DH32-22综合指标达到优质纸浆材原料的要求;其中无性系DH33-9还具有长宽比>35,壁腔比<1的特征,可作为优质的纤维原料。研究结果为桉树有针对性的培育以及木材的合理加工利用提供参考和依据。     

15个杨树无性系在纸浆林培育上的分析研究

通过对5年生15个杨树无性系为材料的树高、胸径、材积及木材的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维的长宽比及木材的基本密度等的对比分析,结果表明:15个杨树无性系的木材平均纤维长度为0.773～1.111mm,纤维长宽比在34.5～46.0之间,基本密度在0.291～0.369g/cm3之间,壁腔比在0.26～0.39之间。综合评价认为592、107、187、303、2025、725、108、69、皖林2、皖林1等10个优良无性系可作为营造纸浆林的品种,符合造纸原料的要求。     

6种桉树人工林木材纤维特性及变异规律

【目的】通过揭示不同树种桉树的木材纤维特性及其变异规律,为桉树的定向培育和木材合理加工利用提供参考依据。【方法】以广西国有东门林场6种桉树(细叶桉、赤桉、巨桉、尾叶桉、粗皮桉、大花序桉)为研究对象,借助数码显微图像电脑分析系统,对6种桉树木材的纤维长度、宽度、腔径和双壁厚四大纤维特性指标进行了测试,并分析其在径向和纵向上的变异规律和差异显著性。【结果】1)6种桉树在1.3 m树高处的纤维长度平均值在916～1 129μm之间,纤维宽度平均值在14.86～19.06μm之间,纤维腔径平均值在4.22～8.03μm之间,纤维双壁厚平均值在8.40～12.74μm之间;2)6种桉树自髓心向外,各木材纤维长度和纤维双壁厚先随树龄的增加而增大,之后趋于稳定;木材纤维宽度随着树龄的增加而略有增加;木材纤维腔径均随着树龄的增加而逐渐减少。6种桉树纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维双壁厚随着树干高度增加总体变化幅度都不大,基本在一中心线上下波动;6种桉树木材纤维腔径均随着树高的增加总体呈减小趋势;3)经方差分析表明,6种桉树多数纤维特性指标随树龄的变化表现出极显著的差异性,少数纤维特性指标随树高的变化表现出极显著的差异性。【结论】6种桉树树种的纤维长度、宽度、腔径和双壁厚尺寸有所差异,但在同一纤维特性指标中,6个树种在径向或纵向上的变异规律基本一致,大花序桉的纤维长度、宽度和双壁厚均明显大于其它5个树种,相对具有更大的开展实木加工利用的潜在价值。     

落羽杉种源木材微纤丝角和纤维形态的变异

对16个落羽杉种源的14年生人工林木材微纤丝角和木材纤维形态进行测定.结果表明:1)16个种源落羽杉木材微纤丝角存在显著差异,微纤丝角变化在29.9～35.8°之间.从径向变化看,落羽杉胸径处木材微纤丝角在髓心处最大,由髓心向外逐渐减小;从纵向变化看,微纤丝角在基干处最大,随树木高度的增加而逐渐减小.2)16个落羽杉种源木材的纤维长度和宽度均存在显著差异,纤维长度的变化在1 764.84～2 900.08 μm之间,纤维宽度的变化在28.48～51.21 μm之间,纤维长宽比的变化在42.79～82.12之间.落羽杉胸径处木材纤维形态的径向变化为纤维长度和纤维宽度从髓心到树皮逐渐增加,纵向变化规律为纤维长度和纤维宽度在树干基部较小,随树高的增加而逐渐增加.3)落羽杉木材微纤丝角与木材纤维长度呈极显著的负相关关系,与木材的纤维宽度和纤维长宽比呈一定的负相关,木材纤维长度与木材纤维宽度呈显著的正相关.4)16个落羽杉种源依据木材微纤丝角和木材纤维长度2个木材材性指标可以分为4类:第Ⅰ类,木材的微纤丝角较大,木材纤维长度中等;第Ⅱ类,微纤丝角和木材纤维长度均处于中等水平;第Ⅲ类,微纤丝角较小,木材纤维长度较长;第Ⅳ类,木材纤维长度较短,微纤丝角中等.综合考虑微纤丝角和木材纤维长度,2号和30号种源可作为纤维工业原料用材的优良种源.     

不同林分密度对桉树幼林木材材性的影响

对两种桉树无性系(巨细桉DH201-2和尾巨桉DH32-29)在5种不同林分密度下(1250、1657、2500、5000和6667株.hm-2)的木材材性(包括木材基本密度和纤维形态特征)进行了测量和研究分析(纤维形态特征分两种不同材型分析:心材与边材)。结果表明:无性系DH201-2的林分密度3(2 500株.hm-2)木材基本密度最大,为452 kg.m-3,DH32-29以林分密度2(1657株.hm-2)的木材密度最大,为436 kg.m-3;相同无性系相同林分密度下,边材纤维长度比心材纤维长度长,边材长宽比一般比心材长宽比要大,纤维宽度则无显著差异;无性系DH201-2的林分密度3(2500株.hm-2)和林分密度5(6667株.hm-2)是符合林分蓄积量、木材基本密度和纤维长度最大值的组合。     

耐寒桉树的纤维形态特征的变异

对湖南郴州地区引种的4种桉树的木材纤维长度和纤维宽度进行试验和研究.结果表明,4种桉树木材的纤维长度均值变幅在743～948μm之间,巨尾桉的纤维长度最长.纤维长度、纤维宽度在幼龄期最小,并随年轮增加而增大,直至达到最大长度而成近似稳定状态.纤维长度是树种的属性之一,受生态环境的影响较小,纤维宽度则随不同的立地条件和施肥管理而发生改变.     

桉树无性系抗青枯病性能的测选初报

用WFT接种技术对47个桉树无性系进行了对青枯病的抗性测定 ,通过青枯病株率计算和逐步聚类分析 ,认为31个无性系是抗病品系 ,10个无性系是感病品系 ,6个无性系是高感品系。在31个无性系抗病品系中 ,经生产实践证明 ,其中MLA、ZU6、W5、LH1、LH2、LH3、SH1、M1等8个无性系显示出很强的抗病性 ,至今未发生青枯病株。大面积推广应用优良抗病无性系造林 ,防治桉树青枯病的大面积发生 ,目前已取得初步成效。     

21年生杉木优良无性系生长与材质性状研究

对来源于湖南省的38个杉木无性系在江西省分宜县大岗山年珠林场21年生试验林各生长性状进行了调查与分析,选出4个杉木优良无性系43、68、88、300和大岗山杉木一般生产用种ck进行生长性状和材性性状对比研究。结果表明:4个优良无性系总体胸径与木材基本密度之间存在极显著负相关关系(r=-0.331),优良无性系43胸径生长量、单株材积生长量和木材基本密度均优于对照,可作为生长和材性性状联合选择的建筑材无性系;各优良无性系纤维长宽比均高于对照,优良无性系300长宽比最大且长纤维最多,最适宜用作纸桨材;各无性系不同林龄间纤维长度的差异较为明显,为杉木优良纸桨材无性系最佳采伐时间的确定提供了理论基础。     

安树无性系抗青枯病性能的测选初报

用WFT接种技术对47个桉树无性系进行了对青枯病的抗性测定，通过青枯病株率计算和逐步聚类分析，认为31个无性系是抗病品系，10个无性系是感病品系，6个无性系是高感品系。在31个无性系抗病品系中，经生产实践证明，其中MLA、ZU6、W5、LHl、LH2、LH3、SHl、M1等8个无性系显示出很强的抗病性，至今未发生青枯病株。大面积推广应用优良抗病无性系造林，防治桉树青枯病的大面积发生，目前已取得初步成效。     

尾叶桉与赤桉正反析因交配杂种F_1材性遗传参数的估算

[目的]通过尾叶桉与赤桉杂种F1材质性状的遗传参数估算及其分析,为桉树杂交育种材性改良亲本选配和交配设计提供理论依据。[方法]以尾叶桉与赤桉6×6正反析因交配杂种F1测定林为材料,并以相应亲本自由授粉的半同胞子代作对照。9年生时,对各小区的杂种和家系(5株小区,6次重复)选取2株平均木,在胸高1. 3 m处沿南北向钻取木芯,共984个,测定木材基本密度、纤维长、纤维宽和纤维长宽比,利用ASReml-R估算4个材质指标的特殊配合力、杂种优势、父母本单株狭义遗传力、遗传相关和表型相关系数。[结果]表明:尾叶桉与赤桉正反交的杂种木材基本密度优于对照,呈明显的杂种优势;反交组合杂种其木材基本密度优于正交组合杂种,正交组合杂种的纤维特性优于反交组合的;在正交组合杂种中,木材基本密度、纤维长和纤维长宽比的母本效应低于父本效应;而反交组合杂种中,4个材质指标的母本效应均高于父本效应。木材基本密度和纤维特性指标受中至低遗传控制。正反交组合杂种中,除纤维长宽比外,其余3个材质指标的显性效应大于加性效应。对于遗传相关,杂种的木材基本密度与纤维宽呈极显著的负相关,与纤维长宽比呈极显著的正相关,与纤维长呈不显著负相关,纤维长与纤维宽呈显著正相关。对于表型相关,除纤维宽与纤维长宽比呈不显著正相关外,其余性状间均呈极显著正相关。[结论]尾叶桉与赤桉杂种的材质性状遗传差异因亲本和交配方式而异,表明通过种间杂交和正向选择进行材质性状的遗传改良具有潜力。     

Selection of plant population of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as a papermaking raw material on arid hillside land in China

Agronomic properties (whole stalk yield, fiber length distribution, chemical composition) and whole stalk kraft pulp characteristics (total pulp yield, pulp fiber length distribution, pulp sheet strengths) were examined for kenaf (variety Zhehong 8310) at four plant populations, ranging from 135 000 to 405 000 plants/ha on arid hillside land at Anji, Zhejiang, China. For agronomic properties, the final whole stalk yield was higher as the plant population increased and as the altitude of the location on the slope decreased. Average fiber lengths of bast and core showed maxima at 225 000 plants/ha. Cellulose content increased as the plant population increased. For the kraft pulp characteristics of kenaf whole stalk, the total pulp yield was lower as the plant population increased, with the maximum difference about 1.3%. Sheet strengths and average fiber length attained maxima at around 225000–315000 plants/ha. The largest pulp strengths (breaking length, burst index, and folding endurance) were seen at a plant population of 225000 plants/ha, and the largest tear index was seen at a plant population of 315 000 plants/ha. When the agronomic properties and whole stalk kraft pulp characteristics were combined, a plant population between 225 000 and 315 000 plants/ha, which is a little higher than that of kenaf bast production for textiles, was selected as the optimum cultivated kenaf plant population for whole stalk kraft pulp and papermaking on arid hillside land in China.     

Genetic control of fiber properties and growth in triploid hybrid clones of Populus tomentosa

To better understand the genetic control of fiber properties (fiber length [FL], fiber width [FW] and coarseness [C]) and growth traits (tree height [H], diameter at breast height [DBH] and stem volume [SV]) in triploid hybrid clones of Populus tomentosa carr., genetic relationships among selected fiber properties with growth traits were examined in five-year-old clonal field trials located in Yanzhou, Gaotang and Xiangfen, China. In total, 180 trees from 10 clones were sampled from the three sites. The site had a moderate effect on FW, C and tree growth, and a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on FL and fiber length/width (FL/W). Clonal effects were also significant (P<0.05) for all studied traits except for the DBH and SV. Clone×site interactions were significant for all studied traits (except for FL). The estimated repeatability of clonal mean for FL (0.91) was higher than for FW (0.88), C (0.77), FL/W (0.74), H (0.62), DBH (0.61) and SV (0.55). Intersite genetic correlation estimates indicated that fiber properties were more stable than growth traits. Positively insignificant genetic correlation estimates between FL and growth trait and negatively insignificant genetic correlation estimates between C and growth traits were observed. This suggests that in the triploid hybrid poplar, clones selection for growth traits will not result in a significant increase or reduction in the fiber properties.     

Effects of site on fibre, kraft pulp and handsheet properties of Eucalyptus globulus

? Eight-year old trees from two Eucalyptus globulus Labill. clones planted across three different sites in Tasmania, Australia, were sampled for wood and kraft pulp/handsheet properties.

? Site had a significant effect on all measured properties. Compared with the poor site (Parkham) the wood from the good site (West Ridgley) had on average 11 % lower wood density. The poor site had also greater microfibril angles, shorter fibres at lower pulp yields.

? The handsheets produced with pulp from the poor site resulted in comparatively higher bulkiness, lower burst, lower tear and tensile indices, lower zero span tensile strength, but higher opacity, higher light scattering and higher surface roughness. Significant height effects were found with all wood properties, and also with tear index, zero span tensile strength and opacity.

? Discriminant analysis showed that for 76 out of 100 handsheets the raw material source, i.e. growth site, could be predicted correctly using a set of handsheet properties with tear index and bulk index being most prominent.

? This is unique evidence that site conditions are strongly reflected in handsheet properties produced from Eucalyptus pulp.

     

竹子深度脱木质素蒸煮与常规硫酸盐法蒸煮的比较

为了提高竹浆性能和减少环境污染,对福建丛生小径竹进行了实验室模拟延伸改良连续蒸煮(EMCC)和常规硫酸盐法蒸煮(CKC)的研究。结果表明,EMCC蒸煮通过分段加入蒸煮药液和在逆流段进行药液置换,比CKC具有更高的脱木质素选择性。在蒸煮相同卡伯值的竹浆时,EMCC浆比常规硫酸盐浆(CK浆)具有更高细浆得率、较低粗渣率、更高粘度和更好强度性能。在相同的打浆度下,EMCC浆抗张指数、耐破指数和撕裂指数都比常规硫酸盐浆高。     

蓝桉树龄对化学组成及其硫酸盐法制浆特性的影响

蓝桉是最适合制浆造纸工业要求的优良树种之一,在硫酸盐法蒸煮过程中不仅得率高,而且耗碱量也低。蓝桉的制浆性能与其树龄有密切的关系。本研究选择树龄分别为６年、１０年和１８年的蓝桉为实验材料,一方面通过硫酸盐法蒸煮实验了解它们的制浆特性。另一方面通过研究原料化学组分探讨影响制浆特性的主要因素。结果在用碱量相同的条件下,卡伯值的顺序为６年生〉１０年生〉１８年生。而在相同卡伯值下,纸浆得率的顺序为１８年生〈     

Within-stem variation in wood properties of triploid hybrids of Populus tomentosa at three clonal trials

To obtain a better understanding of variability in wood properties along the stem in triploid hybrids of Populus tomentosa L., basic wood density (BWD) and fiber traits were measured at four sample heights for each tree sampled from three clonal trials. The BWD showed a similar trend at each site in that density was initially decreased then increased with increasing height position. For fiber traits, the fiber length (FL) decreased linearly with the height of the trunk, whereas fiber width and coarseness changed relatively slightly with increasing height position. In addition, the vertical wood properties distribution patterns were different from clones so that some clones showed more markedly change in height positions than others. The joint analysis indicated significant height position effect for BWD and fiber traits, in accordance with site and clonal effect. Significant site × height interaction was found on wood properties, whereas the significant clone × height interaction was only obtained at fiber width. Moreover, variation in the relationships between FL and BWD or other fiber traits showed no consistent pattern with increasing height position.     

闽南山地桉树无性系U6造林立地条件选择

对不同立地条件下桉树优良无性系U6生长量和材性进行研究，结果表明：立地条件对桉树无性系的生长有极显著的影响，而对木材材性如纤维形态、木材基本密度以及化学成分等均没有显著的影响。立地类型Ⅱ较适宜U6生长，该立地土壤基本特征为土壤为红壤或粗骨性红壤，土层深度大于1m，腐殖质层大于20cm且土壤疏松。     

两个林龄15个桉树无性系生长比较

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