浸种时间对不同类型棉种发芽率的影响

根据对种子外部短绒处理方法及残留量的不同,棉花种子分为毛子种、半毛子种和光子种三种类型。不同类型棉种的吸水速度和透气性亦不相同,用相同的时间浸种后再测定发芽率,往往不能真实地反映出棉种的潜在发芽能力;相同类型同一样品的棉种用不同的浸种时间,结果发芽率差异也很大。为准确地鉴定棉种的真实发芽率及指导生产,经试验研究,筛选出了上述三种类型棉种的最佳浸种时间     

不同浸种温度和时间对杂交稻种子发芽的影响试验

水稻种子的催芽是播种前必不可少的环节，合理的催芽方法是培育壮秧的关键。特别是种子紧缺的年份，为不误农时．催好芽尤其重要。为了探讨不同条件下的发芽结果，为生产上选择最佳的发芽条件．特进行本试验。     

复合药剂浸种对裸燕麦种子发芽的影响

为解决干旱胁迫下裸燕麦播种出苗较差的问题,利用生化黄腐酸(BFA)、氯化钙、赤霉素三种药剂的复合配置对裸燕麦种子进行浸种处理,探讨不同复合药剂处理对裸燕麦发芽势、发芽率、物质转换率、种子萌发抗旱指数、种子活力抗旱指数的影响。结果表明,赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)以及氯化钙(1g·L-1)+赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)的复合溶液处理均可有效提高裸燕麦种子的发芽率、发芽势、物质转换率、种子萌发抗旱指数和种子活力抗旱指数;而氯化钙(1g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)的复合溶液处理对裸燕麦种子发芽率虽有所提高,但降低了发芽势和物质转化率。从综合效果来看,赤霉素(0.0125g·L-1)+生化黄腐酸(0.1g·L-1)的复合溶液效果最佳。另外,浸种一次与浸种三次对种子萌发的影响差别不大。     

不同脱绒方式对棉种发芽出苗的影响

以毛子作对照 ,对硫酸脱绒光子和机械脱绒光子的发芽、出苗等进行了比较。结果表明 ,硫酸脱绒光子和机械磨光光子的发芽势、发芽率、种子活力指数皆显著高于毛子。硫酸脱绒光子和机械磨光光子的发芽势差异不大 ,但发芽率和活力指数皆显著高于机械脱绒光子。脱绒种子的出苗率明显好于毛子 ,尤以硫酸脱绒种子出苗率高 ,且发病轻。综合评价 ,脱绒对于提高种子的发芽出苗能力是有益的 ,而且以硫酸脱绒的效果最好。     

浸种和外源激素处理对毛马齿苋种子发芽的影响

为提高毛马齿苋种子播种出苗率,分析不同时间浸种以及采用GA3、NAA和6-BA 3种外源激素处理对其种子发芽的影响。结果表明：浸种处理没有提高毛马齿苋种子的发芽势和发芽率的效果;GA3、NAA和6-BA三种激素浸种处理均能提高毛马齿苋种子的发芽势和发芽率;最适宜的浸种浓度分别为GA3 30 mg/L、10～20 mg/L NAA或6-BA 30 mg/L。其中GA3有效浓度范围较宽泛,建议采用,但GA3处理不能解除该种子发芽的需光性。     

不同水分处理对棉种毛子和包衣种发芽的影响

研究了 5种水分处理对棉种发芽势、发芽率及活力指数的影响。结果表明 ,干砂与水之比 ( g:ml)为 6∶ 1、 8∶ 1时 ,棉种毛子、包衣种分别表现出最佳发芽状态。     

提高棉籽活力及棉苗素质的研究

本研究探讨了ＤＰＣ、ＫＨ２ＰＯ４、ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４浸种对棉籽活力及棉苗素质的影响。结果表明：ＤＰＣ、ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２Ｏ４浸种，可提高棉籽活力及棉苗素质，尤以ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４的效应显著，表现在叶片的叶绿素含量、光合强度提高，增加干物质积累量，改善了棉株的Ｃ、Ｎ营养状况，促进了根系发育，从而使地上部生长稳健、墩壮，降低果枝始节，现蕾期提早，增强抗旱能力。ＫＨ２ＰＯ４浸种有降低棉籽活力指数的效应，对棉苗素质的影响，表现有促进根系发育，提高叶片光合速率，改善Ｃ、Ｎ营养状况的效应，显著提高真叶及嫩茎的Ｎ素营养水平，但提高棉苗素质的效应，不如ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４、ＤＰＣ浸种的大。为此，在生产上可应用１５０～２００×１０￣（－６）（ＰＰｍ）＋１％ＫＨ２ＰＯ４浸种，以提高种子播种品质，促壮苗。生产实践证明也可用１５～２０×１０￣（－６）（ＰＰｍ）ＤＰＣ＋０．２～０．３％ＫＨ２ＰＯ４溶液苗期喷施，大田用水量１０～１５公斤／６６６．７ｍ２（亩）。尤其是麦套棉，棉苗瘦弱迟发，用ＤＰＣ＋ＫＨ２ＰＯ４浸种，会起到显著提高棉苗素质的效果。     

电场处理油葵种子对其萌发期水分胁迫敏感性的影响

用不同电场强度处理油葵种子15min,以PEG(聚乙二醇)模拟水分胁迫,测定电场处理对种子萌发期抗旱性的影响.结果表明:在0～6.0kV/cm场强范围,不同电场强度,对种子水分胁迫的敏感性的影响程度不同.随着电场强度的增加,种子敏感性以振荡关系变化.适当电场处理条件能够显著地提高种子的吸水率,减轻细胞膜对干旱胁迫的敏感性,从而减小水分胁迫对细胞膜的伤害.提高种子抗旱性最佳电场处理条件的选取与处理时间和电场强度有关.     

异常天气对抗虫棉制种的影响及防御对策

随着抗虫杂交棉F1代的日益普及,杂交棉种的需求量进一步扩大.但在杂交制种期间,常常会遇到高温干旱、雷阵雨、连续阴雨等异常天气,这给正常的棉花人工去雄、制种带来诸多不便.甚至工作受阻,从而直接影响到棉花杂交制种的产量和质量.根据作者近年来的制种实践,浅谈对制种期间出现的异常天气应采取的防御措施和对策.     

不同植物生长调节剂浸种对棉苗生长的影响

夺取棉花生产的高产、优质,培育壮苗是关键。试验于2008年6月对棉花品种慈杂1号种子进行了不同浓度的浸种试验。试验表明,多效唑和矮壮素均能抑制棉花幼苗的伸长,特别是多效唑对明显降低株高、增加茎粗及主根的伸长具有明显效果。多效喳浸种以50mg/L的浓度浸种1/6h为好。利用矮壮素和多效唑浸种,可提高幼苗的根冠比,有利于培育壮苗。     

Effect of Azotobacter vinelandii and compatible solutes on germination wheat seeds and root concentrations of sodium and potassium under salt stress

The effect of plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and exogenous application of compatible solutes on seed germination and root concentrations of sodium and potassium of two wheat varieties (Triticum durum L.) were evaluated under saline stress. In this experiment, Azotobacter vinelandii strain DSM85, glycine betaine and proline were used. Inoculated seeds for each variety were placed on Whatman paper in 9 cm Petri dishes containing 15 mL of distilled water or NaCl solutions at various concentrations (control, 100, 200, 300 mM) supplemented with or without glycine betaine (GB) or proline at 5 mM. The results indicated that addition of proline (5 mM) stimulated the production of indol acetic acid and the growth of A. vinelandii at 200 and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The germination rate index and the germination final percentage decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing salinity level. The germination was significantly diminished at 300 mM with significant variation among varieties and Waha variety had higher germination percentage than Bousselam variety. Inoculation of seeds by A. vinelandii and exogenous application of proline had significantly positive effect on the germination at this concentration of NaCl. The rate of accumulation of Na+ in roots was important at 100 mM and increased at 200 mM. The concentration of K+ decreased when salinity increased. The effect of inoculation or inoculation with proline decreased the accumulation of Na' and reduced the loss of K+ under salt stress. From the present study we can conclude that the use of A. vinelandii strain DSM85 and external application of low concentrations of proline on seeds might be considered as a strategy for the protection of plants under saline stress.     

桃色顶孢霉发酵液对大豆的促生及其抗逆酶活性的影响

本实验采用了管碟法和种子萌发法研究了实验室分离获得的桃色顶孢霉对茄病镰刀菌F. solani.的拮抗作用以及对大豆的促生作用,并采用愈创木酚法、紫外吸收法、氮蓝四唑光化还原法研究了顶孢霉发酵液对POD、CAT、SOD三种抗逆酶活性的影响。结果表明：顶孢霉发酵液对镰刀菌菌丝生长有明显抑制作用,菌丝变稀疏。大豆种子经不同浓度桃色顶孢霉发酵液处理后,萌发率及种子酶活性均产生变化。不同浓度的发酵液对种子萌发促进作用不同,当发酵液浓度为10%时,胚根长,胚芽长,胚根鲜重,胚芽鲜重均达到最高值,分别为2.91cm,0.037g,4.07cm,0.1666g。与对照相比分别提高了49.37%,63.24%,30.54%,45.80%。当处理种子的发酵液浓度为60%时,种子萌发率最高为83.67%,与对照相比提高了23.90%;酶活性最强,POD、CAT和SOD分别为683U、160.67U和301U,与对照相比分别提高 73.50%,43.78%,76.73%。初步证实了桃色顶孢霉发酵液中含有能够促进大豆种子的萌发及抗逆酶活性升高的物质。     

Use of activated charcoal to enhance the germination of botanical seeds of potato

The effect of activated charcoal (AC) on the germination of botanical potato seeds was tested by applying AC to seeds in petri dishes which had been pretreated with gibberellic acid (GA). A diverse sample of accessions including cultivar and cultivated species germplasm, cultivated species hybrids, wild species, and wild species known for their slow germination was tested. The time required from hydration to75% germination was significantly less for all types of seeds tested when AC was present. Cultivated species hybrids reached75% germination an average of four days sooner, wild species two days sooner, and slow germinating wild species 18 days sooner when AC was present. Only slow germinating wild species’ seeds germinated with significantly more uniformity in the presence of AC.     

提高湖南省杂交棉种质量水平的商榷

在市场经济迅速发展、种子生产、流通量不断增加和加入WTO的新形势下，充分提高湖南省棉种的质量水平，推动棉种产业化的健康发展，对农民增收、农村稳定具有重大的现实意义。本文简要介绍了提高湖南棉种质量水平的紧迫性和可行性。在此基础上提出了提高棉种质量水平促进产业化发展的几点建议。     

加入WTO对我国棉花生产的影响及对策

文中联系我国棉花生产的现状，分析了加入WTO对我国棉花生产的影响和积极作用，提出了依靠科技进步提高棉质量，发展产业化经营，重视棉科研投入和建立一套有效的扶持棉花生产发展政策体系的对策建议。     

Effect of soaking,cooking and germination on the oligosaccharide content of selected Nigerian legume seeds

The identity and quantity of and effect ofprocessing on raffinose oligosaccharides in raw,mature seeds of lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus),pigeon peas (Cajanus cajan), African yam beans(Sphenostylis sternocarpa) and jackbeans (Canavalia ensiformis) were investigated. Sucrose,raffinose, stachyose and verbascose were identified byHPLC in all the legume seeds. The total-galactoside contents of the seeds in decreasing order were African yam beans3.84 mg/100 mg; white lima beans 3.62 mg/100 mg; creampigeon peas 3.51 mg/100 mg; red lima beans3.37 mg/100 mg; jackbeans 2.83 mg/100 mg and brownpigeon peas 2.34 mg/100 mg. The predominantoligosaccharide was verbascose in pigeon peas andstachyose in the other three legumes. Cooking unsoakedseeds brought about a greater reduction in the total-galactoside content than soaking for ninehours. The removal of oligosaccharides was higher inlegumes cooked in alkaline solution than in water.Germination quantitatively reduced raffinose,stachyose and verbascose while sucrose was increasedin all seeds except red lima beans and jackbeans.     

紫斑病对大豆室内发芽特性的影响

通过紫斑病对大豆室内发芽特性的影响研究,结果表明,大豆感染紫斑病后,种子的发芽势、发芽率、活力指数明显降低,不同感染级别种子的发芽势间存在明显差异,因此,大豆种子感染紫斑病后会因播种品质显著降低而不适于大田用种.