沙门氏菌检验技术的研究进展

沙门氏菌的检验在食品检测和动物饲养管理中具有重要意义。本文详细阐明了沙门氏菌的各种检验技术的原理,综述了其在沙门氏菌检测中的应用及其研究进展。近年来,免疫学技术、细胞和分子生物学技术以其敏感、快速、特异等特点在沙门氏菌检验与检测中得到了广泛应用,尤其ELISA和PCR技术的应用已从实验室走向实际临床检测中。另外,本文对国外新近的几种沙门氏菌检测方法作了介绍,还展望了今后沙门氏菌检测方法的发展方向及实际应用前景。     

沙门氏菌检测方法的研究进展

沙门氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患病,建立一种快速而准确的检测方法一直是沙门氏菌检验研究的核心问题。本文综述了沙门氏菌的检测方法的最新研究进展,并展望了今后沙门氏菌检测方法的发展方向及实际应用前景。     

3种食源性细菌免疫磁珠联合ATP发光检测技术研究

沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和金黄色葡萄球菌是食品中常见的致病菌,在国内外常引起食源性疾病。为解决食源性疾病中的微生物检测问题,本研究将免疫磁珠技术和ATP发光技术联合用于食品微生物检测,选择沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌病和金黄色葡萄球菌为检测对象,建立快速检测这3种常见食源性病原菌的富集及检测新方法。该方法在显著缩短预增菌时间的条件下,通过免疫磁珠的富集作用获得与常规增菌时间同样的效果,样品中的微生物浓度增加了10倍,大大提高了样本检出率,缩短了检测周期。结果表明,本研究建立的免疫磁珠富集后联合ATP发光技术具有快速、敏感、特异和低廉的优点,可用于检测食品中沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

沙门氏菌现场快速检测方法的建立

为了适应基层检验检疫部门对沙门氏菌的现场快速筛查,保障食品安全,试验利用沙门氏菌inv A基因建立了可以快速检测食品中沙门氏菌污染的恒温环介导扩增(LAMP)方法,并通过添加钙黄绿素实现现场快速判定食品是否受到沙门氏菌的污染。结果表明:建立的方法具有良好的特异性和灵敏性,灵敏度可达8.37×10~(-3)ng/μL。说明建立的方法可用于沙门氏菌的现场检测。     

畜禽及环境中沙门氏菌的PCR快速检测与控制

本文运用PCR技术检测家畜及环境中的沙门氏菌,25种沙门氏菌均获得特异性扩增,3种非沙门氏菌检测结果为阴性。表明PCR技术具有快速简便、敏感高和特异性强等优点,值得在沙门氏菌的快速检测中推广应用。并简要介绍了沙门氏菌的相关控制措施。     

畜禽及环境中沙门氏菌的PCR快速检测与控制

本文运用PCR技术检测家畜及环境中的沙门氏菌,25种沙门氏菌均获得特异性扩增,3种非沙门氏菌检测结果为阴性。表明PCR技术具有快速简便、敏感高和特异性强等优点,值得在沙门氏菌的快速检测中推广应用。并简要介绍了沙门氏菌的相关控制措施。     

简述沙门氏菌快速检测的方法

沙门氏菌在饲料中的检测对防止畜禽和人类沙门氏菌污染具有十分重要的意义,本文重点介绍了传统沙门氏菌检测方法和应用了分子生物、生物化学,免疫学等一些先端的学科的方法,希望随着我国检测的手段不断提高会有更多、更快、更准确的方法运用到实际的检测中去。     

沙门氏菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

为实现沙门氏菌的快速检测,根据沙门氏菌特异性invE、hilA、invA、hut基因编码区序列,分别设计合成4套引物,通过对引物筛选和反应条件优化,建立了以invA特异性基因设计合成为引物的沙门氏菌环介导等温扩增检测方法。本方法对沙门氏菌定性检测灵敏度可达到101CFU/mL (细菌浓度),其灵敏度比普通PCR高10倍且反应结果易于观察。以6种沙门氏菌和8种非沙门氏菌细菌DNA为模板进行LAMP扩增检测,并无交叉反应。结果显示,设计的LAMP引物组和建立的沙门氏菌的LAMP检测方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速、费用低廉等优点,可应用于动物和食品样品中肠道沙门氏菌6个亚种的快速检测。     

变性高效液相色谱高通量检测动物源性饲料中沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌

应用复合PCR结合变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)技术,通过通用增菌培养,建立动物源性饲料中沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的快速高通量检测方法.根据沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌特异基因序列分别设计特异性引物,复合PCR扩增的产物经DHPLC技术进行快速检测.以49株参考菌株做特异性试验,并开展了精密度检测试验.试验结果表明,该方法具有很好的特异性和精密度,经通用增菌和复合PCR-DHPLC技术可同时检测饲料中的沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌.该方法可以快速、准确、高通量检测,是动物源性饲料中致病菌高通量检测的新技术.     

PCR技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌的应用研究

用聚合酶反映(PCR)技术检测饲料中沙门氏菌。对已知被沙门氏菌污染的动物饲料的培养物均能检出阳性,说明此方法对检测饲料中沙门氏菌具有特异性高、灵敏、快速等特点,适用于快速和准确地检测饲料中沙门氏菌的需要。     

沙门氏菌的检测技术进展

沙门氏菌是影响食品公共安全的重要因素之一。目前沙门氏菌的检测方法主要包括传统方法、以分子生物学为基础的方法、以免疫学为基础的方法、电阻抗法、生物传感器法、噬菌体法以及联合检测方法。本文主要对目前各种检测方法的原理、优缺点、应用情况以及发展前景进行了概述。     

无损伤检测技术在生鲜乳检测中的应用

无损伤检测技术是近年来发展起来的新型检测技术,包括红外光谱技术、拉曼光谱技术、低场核磁共振技术、超声波技术及电子鼻等,这些检测技术因具有快速、客观、准确和无损伤等优势而在食品检测方面得到了广泛的应用。作者简述了各种无损伤检测技术的原理;综述了其在生鲜乳检测中的应用,包括对生鲜乳主要营养成分——蛋白质和脂肪含量的测定,掺假物的检测及微生物的鉴定;并指出了各种技术的优缺点和将来的发展趋势。总之,无损伤检测技术具有广阔的发展前景和应用潜力。     

动物源食品中β-内酰胺类抗生素残留的检测现状

β-内酰胺类抗生素常用于畜牧业预防及控制动物感染性疾病。由于使用方法不当或不遵守休药期规定等原因,造成动物源食品中该类抗生素残留超标,给人类健康带来严重危害,因此需严格控制其在动物源食品中的残留。作者就目前常用的β-内酰胺类抗生素兽药残留的检测方法,包括微生物检测法、理化检测法及免疫分析法等作一简单介绍,分析各种方法的利弊,以期为动物源食品中药物残留检测技术的进一步开发提供参考。     

沙门氏菌检测方法研究进展

沙门氏菌是一种重要的人畜共患病原菌,建立一种快速而准确的检测方法一直是沙门氏菌检验研究的核心问题。作者通过查阅大量文献,对近年来沙门氏菌的检测进展进行了概述。     

三嗪类除草剂及其代谢产物的检测方法研究进展

三嗪类除草剂会通过干扰内分泌系统的正常功能影响人类健康,很多国家已将部分此类化合物列入内分泌干扰剂化合物名单。作者从样品提取和仪器检测技术的发展趋势方面综述了环境和食品样品中三嗪类除草剂及其代谢产物的检测方法。在样品提取方面,液液萃取、固相萃取和固相微萃取技术简便且具有较高回收率,广泛应用于三嗪类除草剂的提取。另外,由于分子印迹、凝胶渗透色谱和加速溶剂萃取技术可以提高方法选择性和降低样品基质干扰,因而也越来越多地应用于三嗪类除草剂的提取工作;在检测技术方面,气相色谱和液相色谱法应用最为广泛。此外,由于色谱质谱联用技术可以大大降低方法检测限并能提高阳性样品的定性准确度,符合高通量和痕量检测的发展趋势,因此气相色谱/液相色谱串联质谱技术也广泛应用于三嗪类除草剂残留的定量和定性检测。     

Salmonella culture: sampling procedures and laboratory techniques.

In some respects, the multitude of options for isolation of Salmonella and the lack of interlaboratory consistency make Salmonella isolation one of the most variable procedures in veterinary laboratories. Even with the vast number of techniques available, it seems that at least one or two new media become available every year that promise to be more sensitive, more specific,and more rapid. With all the potential media and techniques available, the diagnostic laboratory must choose those that efficiently and accurately give the timely results required clinically and epidemiologically. Many veterinary diagnostic laboratories have invested the time and effort to explore these options and usually have developed standard methods to ensure that their laboratory tests have high sensitivity and specificity. Clients have greater assurance in the accuracy of laboratory results if these standards and the process of deriving them are made available to them. Many laboratories participate in external quality assurance programs to demonstrate their ability to culture microorganisms accurately. These quality control programs are designed to ensure that the client receives the correct answers to questions that are vital for the treatment and health care of their horses. This important information is available only if the initial steps of collecting and shipping the samples have been executed appropriately.     

鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌分子分型方法的验证

为验证鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌分子分型方法的准确性,本研究以3株鸡白痢、鸡伤寒沙门菌国际参考菌株和306株国内分离株为研究对象,采用5种已知的分子分型方法开展验证性实验.结果发现,基于特定基因可变区的2种分型方法具有良好的特异性,其检测结果与生化分型结果一致,而3种基于特定基因单核苷酸多态性的分型方法则出现假阳性或假阴性的...     

Molecular genetic methods in the veterinary clinical bacteriology laboratory: current usage and future applications

In the last 5 years, numerous molecular methods have been published for the detection and characterization of bacteria in the field of veterinary medicine. PCR has been the most commonly used technology. Although not currently used for clinical veterinary diagnosis, new technologies such as liquid-phase hybridization, real-time PCR, pathogen load determination and DNA/protein microarray have been described and have many possible applications in the clinical bacteriology laboratory because of their sensitivity and efficiency. This review describes the basic principles and application of recently published DNA-based molecular techniques for the purpose of veterinary clinical bacteriological diagnosis. It covers advances in probe hybridization technology, DNA/RNA amplification techniques and other molecular detection methods, including 16S rRNA analysis for bacterial characterization and DNA microarrays for bacterial detection. The review briefly summarizes the application of molecular methods for the diagnosis of specific important bacterial infections of animals, and for other animal pathogens that are slow or difficult to isolate in the clinical bacteriology laboratory. In addition, the molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and of bovine mastitis pathogens is briefly described and current commercially available tests are listed.     

四重荧光定量PCR技术用于食品中4种肠道致病菌的检测

用已建立的四重荧光PCR方法、传统国标或行标方法、MALDI Biotyper高通量微生物鉴定法(基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱法)对随机抽取的14份食品样品进行检测,比较3种检测方法的匹配性。并用四重荧光PCR对农贸市场、大型超市采集的10类食品共205份样品进行检测。旨在研究四重荧光PCR法在食品中检测沙门氏菌、弗氏枸橼酸杆菌、奇异变形杆菌和迟缓爱德华菌的应用及食品中这4种菌的污染情况。在205份食品样品中,受污染的食品有110份,污染率53.66%(110/205),同时检出两种及两种以上致病菌的样品有62份,占污染样品的56.36%(62/110)。迟缓爱德华菌大肠菌、弗氏枸橼酸杆菌、奇异变形杆菌、沙门氏菌的检出率分别为7.80%(16/205)、53.66%(110/205)、26.34%(54/205)、5.85%(12/205)。在这3种检测方法中,四重荧光PCR的特异性好、准确性高,操作简便省时,更适用于食品中4种致病菌的快速检测。抽检的食品样品中存在这4种菌的污染,尤以生禽畜肉和水产品污染严重,需加强对食品加工、流通环节的卫生监管和监测。     

The prevalence and PCR detection of Salmonella contamination in raw poultry

Contaminated poultry meat has been identified as one of the principal foodborne sources of Salmonella. The development of rapid detection assays for Salmonella would enable official agencies and food industries to identify contaminated foodstuffs in a more timely manner. In addition, these diagnostic tools could allow more 'real time' decisions to be made regarding end product acceptability. In this study, a survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of Salmonella in raw broiler carcasses. A total of 198 neck skin samples were obtained from within 40 flocks at a commercial broiler slaughtering facility. The presence of Salmonella was assessed by traditional culture methods and by a Salmonella-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Salmonella was recovered from 32 (16%) of all samples using traditional culture methods. In contrast, the PCR assay proved to be more sensitive and detected Salmonella DNA in 38 (19%) of the samples tested. The pathogen was detected in 45 (23%) of the 198 samples when culture and PCR results were combined. The sensitivity of the PCR test was also greater than culture when detecting Salmonella from within flocks (53% of flocks by PCR, 30% of flocks by culture). The combination of both tests revealed that 55% of the flocks were contaminated with Salmonella. The PCR assay proved to be a highly specific and sensitive method for detecting Salmonella and the incorporation of a routine PCR test in conjunction with standard culture could be effective in providing a more accurate profile of the prevalence of this pathogen in broiler carcasses.