极早王白桃大棚栽培技术总结

建平县地处辽宁西部,属半干旱地区,年平均降雨量500m m,年平均气温7.9℃,1月份平均气温-12℃,绝对最低气温-31℃。无霜期130d。是桃露地栽培的危险区。2002年从赤峰市引进极早王白桃在三家乡进行温室栽培,共建温室3栋,每栋占地666.7m2,栽桃333株。当年10月10日扣棚并覆盖纸被和     

薄膜温室桃炭疽病的发生与防治

短短的十余年里，辽宁省薄膜温室桃树生产发展迅猛，正成为广大果农致富的重要产业。随着温室桃栽培面积的不断扩大和产量的迅速提高，各类桃树病害亦呈不断上升趋势。在桃树的病害中，桃炭疽病露地发病很轻，对桃树栽培影响不大，但在薄膜温室桃生产中，炭疽病的危害非常严重。据2004年和2005年连续两年对辽南地区温室桃炭疽病的调查显示：发病的温室占温室总量的95％以上；新梢发病率达5．2％～25．5％，叶片发病率达15．4％-32．5％，果实发病脱落占10．4％-35．5％，个别严重的高达75％。温室桃炭疽病发病时间集中，曼延速度快，危害严重，防治较难。已成为温室桃主要病害之一。     

大久宝桃的优质丰产栽培

古田县是福建省水蜜桃的主产区。为了填补福建省桃鲜果在白凤桃与玉露桃上市之间出现的空档 ,我们于 1 991年在黄田镇后洋村少量的大久宝桃中筛选出优良单株进行繁殖推广 ,1 994年在 4个乡镇建立示范园 ,并开展优质丰产栽培技术研究 ,截至 2 0 0 1年全县大久宝桃的栽培面积已扩大到4 0 0ｈｍ2 ,年产量 30 0 0ｔ,取得了显著的效益。现将结果报道如下。1　示范园基本情况古田县位于闽东 ,地处北纬 2 6°1 6′～ 2 6°53′ ,年平均气温 1 8 5℃ ,年降水量1 350ｍｍ ,无霜期 2 76ｄ ,≥ 1 0℃年有效积温540 0～ 6 6 0 0ｈ ,年日照时数 1 895ｈ。…     

桃高温大棚促成栽培技术

自1989年起我们进行了桃高温大棚促成栽培的探讨,温室桃取得了4月上旬成熟上市,平均亩产736～～1560kg,亩收入1.5～3.8万元的效果。从而为发展高效农业闯出了一条新途径。     

日光节能温室晚红葡萄栽培密度试验

黑龙江省无霜期短,有效积温低,冬季严寒,露地不能栽培优质高产高效的晚熟葡萄.利用节能温室栽培,生育期能延长到250d,有效积温能提高到3700℃以上,冬季枝蔓下架后简易防寒即可安全越冬,这就为温室生产晚红葡萄提供了可能.     

树莓在阜新县的发展情况及栽培技术

阜新蒙古族自治位于辽宁省西北部，属大陆性季风气候，年平均气温7．2℃，极端最高气温40．9℃，极端最低气温-30．6℃．≥10℃积温3298．3℃．年平均降水477mm左右，年平均日照时数为2865．5h，无霜期150d。四季分明，雨热同季，降水集中，日照充足，温差较大。土壤为沙壤土，中性和弱碱性。当地自然条件适宜发展树莓生产，栽种的树莓果实含糖量高，颜色鲜艳，品质好。     

温室桃园间作草莓和葡萄的栽培技术

温室桃园间作草莓和葡萄的栽培技术李宝田李晓春谢犁春李杰春（辽宁省辽中县六间房乡马龙村１１０２１３我们在前几年进行桃温室栽培的基础上,于１９９４年在温室内进行了桃与草莓、葡萄间作的试验。温室面积为６６６．７ｍ２。葡萄在开花前将枝蔓引缚到室外小棚架上,占...     

豫南地区草莓温室促成栽培技术

草莓温室促成栽培是豫南地区继普通大棚半促成栽培之后兴起的又一保护地栽培模式。为了适应新的发展形势,提高果农种植草莓的技术水平,获得更大的经济效益,2013年以来,我们开展了草莓温室促成栽培试验,现总结如下。1试验基本情况试验在河南省驻马店市农业学校试验田进行。当地年平均气温14.9℃,日照时数2 100 h,无霜期215-230 d。     

大棚西瓜高产栽培技术总结

随着高产优质高效农业的开发，以园田瓜菜类为重点的大棚栽培迅速提到议事日程。１９９１年我们在诸城市城关镇潍东村３．３３ｈｍ２的土地上进行西瓜大棚栽培。诸城市地处潍坊市南部丘陵地区，年平均气温１２℃，降水７９８．１ｍｍ，日照２５７４．３ｈ，无霜期２００ｄ...     

施用PBO对温室桃生长结果的影响

温室桃通过施用PBO和0.3％磷酸二氢钾,能抑制枝条旺长,促进花芽分化,提高坐果率和产量,同时能改善果实外观品质,有效解决温室桃营养生长过旺而造成的落花落果和结果部位逐年上移的问题. 1 材料与方法 试验在秦安县刘坪乡杜寨村温室中进行.当地海拔1410m,年均气温10.2℃,10、11、12月平均气温依次为3.8、-1.8、-2.9℃,年均降雨量480 mm,年日照时数2 208h,无霜期172d.土壤为黄绵土,有机质含量为10.74 g/kg,碱解氮含量68.46 mg/kg,有效磷含量9.92 mg/kg,速效钾含量213.51 mg/kg,pH值8.0.     

Fruit growth,cuticle deposition,water uptake,and fruit cracking in jostaberry,gooseberry, and black currant

Fruit cracking after rain limits the production of a number of crops, including some Ribes species. To gain a better understanding of the factors involved in cracking, fruit growth, deposition of the cuticular membrane (CM), water uptake and fruit cracking were studied in black currant (Ribes nigrum L. cv. Zema), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L. cv. Rote Triumph), and jostaberry (Ribes nidigrolaria B. cv. Jostine). Fruit surface area and fresh mass increased continuously throughout development, whereas deposition of the CM was biphasic. CM mass per fruit increased rapidly up to 42, 41, and 49 days after full bloom (DAFB) in black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry, respectively. Thereafter, CM mass per fruit remained constant in gooseberry and jostaberry or increased at a lower rate in black currant. The cessation of or reduced rate of CM deposition resulted in a decrease in CM mass per unit area in all berries. Elastic strain of the CM at maturity averaged 23.8% and 19.5% in gooseberry and jostaberry, respectively, and only 8.2% in black currant. Microcracks in the CM were observed first in gooseberry and jostaberry 64 DAFB, whereas there were no microcracks in black currant. Water uptake into mature detached berries was linear over 2 h of incubation. Rates of uptake were highest in gooseberry followed by black currant and jostaberry. Relative uptake was similar via the cut end of the pedicel (32.1%), the apex of the fruit (34.7%) and the fruit surface (33.2%). Rates of water uptake through the fruit surface were positively related to surface area. Average fruit water potential for black currant, gooseberry, and jostaberry was −2.14 ± 0.17, −1.24 ± 0.03, and −1.89 ± 0.20 MPa, while the permeability for osmotic water uptake was 7.7 ± 0.4 × 10⁻⁸, 5.2 ± 0.1 × 10⁻⁸, and 3.3 ± 0.3 × 10⁻⁸ m s⁻¹. Incubating whole fruit in deionized water for 72 h resulted in more cracked jostaberries (94%) than black currants (74%) or gooseberries (50%). A comparison of our findings in Ribes berries with published data for the sweet cherry drupe revealed that the berries fitted the relationships established in sweet cherry among fruit growth, cuticle deposition, strain of the cuticle, microcracking, permeability for osmotic water uptake, frequency of stomata and cracking. The Ribes berries were less susceptible to cracking than sweet cherry.     

Similitude,similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.     

Climatic, landform, microtopographic, and overstory canopy controls of tree invasion in a subalpine meadow landscape, Oregon Cascades, USA

Tree invasions have been documented throughout Northern Hemisphere high elevation meadows, as well as globally in many grass and forb-dominated ecosystems. Tree invasions are often associated with large-scale changes in climate or disturbance regimes, but are fundamentally driven by regeneration processes influenced by interactions between climatic, topographic, and biotic factors at multiple spatial scales. The purpose of this research was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of meadow invasion; and how climate, larger landforms, topography, and overstory trees have interactively influenced tree invasion. We combined airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) characterizations of landforms, topography, and overstory vegetation with historical climate, field measurements of snow depth, tree abundance, and tree ages to reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of tree invasion over five decades in a subalpine meadow complex in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA. Proportion of meadow occupied by trees increased from 8?% in 1950 to 35?% in 2007. Larger landforms, topography, and tree canopies interactively mediated regional climatic controls of tree invasion by modifying depth and persistence of snow pack, while tree canopies also influenced seed source availability. Landscape context played an important role mediating snow depth and tree invasion; on glacial landforms tree invasion was negatively associated with spring snowfall, but on debris flows tree invasion was not associated with snow fall. The importance of snow, uncertain climate change impacts on snow, and mediation of snow by interacting and context dependent factors in complex mountain terrain poses substantial hurdles for understanding how these ecotones may respond to future climate conditions.     

Wetlands, carbon, and climate change

Wetland ecosystems provide an optimum natural environment for the sequestration and long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere, yet are natural sources of greenhouse gases emissions, especially methane. We illustrate that most wetlands, when carbon sequestration is compared to methane emissions, do not have 25 times more CO₂ sequestration than methane emissions; therefore, to many landscape managers and non specialists, most wetlands would be considered by some to be sources of climate warming or net radiative forcing. We show by dynamic modeling of carbon flux results from seven detailed studies by us of temperate and tropical wetlands and from 14 other wetland studies by others that methane emissions become unimportant within 300 years compared to carbon sequestration in wetlands. Within that time frame or less, most wetlands become both net carbon and radiative sinks. Furthermore, we estimate that the world’s wetlands, despite being only about 5–8 % of the terrestrial landscape, may currently be net carbon sinks of about 830 Tg/year of carbon with an average of 118 g-C m^?2 year^?1 of net carbon retention. Most of that carbon retention occurs in tropical/subtropical wetlands. We demonstrate that almost all wetlands are net radiative sinks when balancing carbon sequestration and methane emissions and conclude that wetlands can be created and restored to provide C sequestration and other ecosystem services without great concern of creating net radiative sources on the climate due to methane emissions.     

Up-regulation of mRNA expressions of fas,bcl-2, bim,bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, and bcl2l12 in K562 treated with bortezomib

AIM: To detect the treatment of K562 leukemia cells with bortezomib altering the expression of genes fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3.METHODS: MTT assay was used to detect the inhibition of proliferation. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V staining and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψm). RT-PCR was used to analyze the mRNA expressions of fas, bcl-2, bcl2l12, bim, bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9.RESULTS: Bortezomib caused a time- and dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation and IC50 of 24 h and 48 h were 161.41 nmol/L and 96.33 nmol/L, respectively. At the concentration of 104 nmol/L, bortezomib induced apoptosis in a time-dependent manner, including increasing annexin-V positivity and decreasing the Δψm. RT-PCR showed that bortezomib up-regulated the mRNA expression of fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 and caspase-3, but mRNA expressions of bcl-2, bim and bax did not changed obviously.CONCLUSION: Bortezomib inhibits the proliferation of K562 and induces apoptosis, in which fas, bcl2l12, caspase-9 or caspase-3 gene is one of the main genes taking part in.     

氮磷钾硼肥配施对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响

研究了不施肥处理,氮磷钾配施和增施硼肥对青花菜养分吸收分配及产量和品质的影响。结果表明,现蕾期至花球膨大期,青花菜对氮、磷、钾的吸收量最大,整个生长期对钾的吸收最多,氮次之,磷最少。氮磷钾主要分配在叶片中,现蕾后逐渐向花球转移,从现蕾到采收时,叶片中氮、磷、钾分配率分别降低了19.6%、10%和9.0%,花球中氮磷钾分配率分别提高了23.1%、15.9%和11.1%。不施氮、磷、钾肥显著降低了花球产量、维生素C含量和成品率,增施硼肥处理的花球成品率较氮磷钾肥处理提高了4.8%,不施氮肥和钾硫肥(K₂SO₄)显著降低了花球中的硫代葡萄糖苷含量。相关性分析表明,青花菜产量与植株内氮、钾积累量显著正相关,成品率与植株内磷营养显著正相关。     

Principles for forcing tulips,hyacinths, daffodils,Easter lilies and Dutch irises

Systematic investigations on the forcing of tulips, hyacinths, daffodils, Easter lilies and Dutch iris have produced a fairly complete set of scientific principles. In this review, these principles have been classified into a 3-phase concept of forcing. These are: production, programming, and greenhouse. The production phase is defined as all processes which occur during bulb production and it terminates with the harvesting of the bulbs. The programming phase comprises all handling of the bulbs from harvesting until they are placed under greenhouse conditions. The greenhouse phase is the accelerated development of the bulbs until anthesis or marketing of the plants. These phases have been discussed relative to floral and root development and the basic environmental requirements of the bulb species.