涉农本科高校畜牧兽医专业双语教学调查分析

双语教学符合经济全球化对高等教育国际化的要求,可为国家培养懂专业又懂外语的复合型人才,是我国高等教育改革的热点之一。论文从师资水平、学习双语课程中的困难、双语教材的使用情况以及课堂教学效果四个方面调查涉农本科高校畜牧兽医专业双语教学现状。调查证实了双语教学在使学生掌握专业知识的同时又能提高学生的英语水平;同时还发现河南省涉农本科高校畜牧兽医专业双语教学存在如下问题:双语教师专业能力较强而外语运用能力较弱,学生双语学习的主要困难在于专业术语和词汇,教材的使用缺乏规范。     

Epidemiological and genetical studies in Norwegian pig herds. I. Design of a disease recording system

The study was based on 70 pig herds in the south-eastern part of Norway during the period from 1984 to 1986. The purpose was to design a health card system based on individual disease records covering diseases in sows, piglets and slaughter pigs. It is concluded that individual health records on a herd basis may well be suited for use in epidemiological and genetical studies of disease frequencies and disease resistance. Feedback of results to farmers and veterinarians seems to be important for satisfactory follow-up in the herds.     

Carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in small animal veterinarians: indirect evidence of zoonotic transmission

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is increasingly reported in small animals and cases of human infections have already been described despite its recent emergence in veterinary practice. We investigated the prevalence of MRSP and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among small animal dermatologists attending a national veterinary conference in Italy. Nasal swabs were obtained from 128 veterinarians, seven of which harboured MRSP (n = 5; 3.9%) or MRSA (n = 2; 1.6%). A follow-up study of two carriers revealed that MRSP persisted for at least 1 month in the nasal cavity. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was isolated from 32 (25%) conference participants, whereas methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) was not detected, suggesting that MRSP may have a particular ability to colonize humans compared to MSSP. All isolates were characterized by spa typing. Methicillin-resistant isolates were further typed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec and multi-locus sequence typing. Two lineages previously associated with pets were identified among the five MRSP isolates; the European epidemic clone ST71-SCCmec II-III and ST106-SCCmec IV. One of the two MRSA isolates displayed a genotype (ST22- SCCmecIV) frequently reported in dogs and cats. MRSP isolates were resistant to more antimicrobial agents compared with MRSA isolates and displayed the typical multidrug resistance patterns of MRSP in pets. The 32 MSSA isolates belonged to 20 spa types and the most frequent types (t12, t15 and t166) were associated with common S. aureus lineages in humans (CC30 and CC45). Although low, the 3.9% MRSP carriage rate found among small animal dermatologists was surprising in consideration of the rare occurrence of S. pseudintermedius in humans, the lack of MSSP detection and the recent appearance of MRSP in Europe. As cases of human MRSP infection have been linked with pets, veterinarians should be aware of this zoonotic risk and proper preventative measures should be taken to avoid MRSP transmission from animal patients.     

预防兽医学分子生物学技术发展概况

概括介绍了分子生物学理论、技术的发展，重点从病原学、免疫学和疫病预防与控制学三方面阐述了分子生物学在预防兽医学中的应用、发展及其贡献。同时，阐明了预防兽医学对分子生物学的贡献和促进作用。     

预防兽医学教学团队特色与建设实践

河北科技师范学院预防兽医学教学团队是在长期的教学科研中形成的一个优秀教学群体,从团队设置、专业设置、课程设置等方面阐述了该团队的特色与建设实践。     

“新农科”背景下《兽医专业英语》教学改革与探索

《兽医专业英语》是农业高等院校动物医学专业本科教学的专业课,本文以天津农学院《兽医专业英语》课程教学改革为例,多角度分析了《兽医专业英语》教学过程中存在的不足之处。结合“新农科”建设背景,以“立德树人”为根本,以培育卓越兽医新才为目标,对该课程的教学方法和考核模式提出改革举措,以期为提高农林高校《兽医专业英语》课程的教学质量提供参考。     

Attitudes of farm consultants in the South Island of New Zealand towards the role of veterinarians in farm businesses

AIMS: To assess the attitude of dairy farm consultants to the role of veterinarians on dairy farms and whether they viewed veterinary advice as impartial, free from commercial bias and central to farm productivity and profitability.

METHODS: A telephone survey was commissioned in September 2014 of 36 full-time farm consultants in the Canterbury and Otago region of New Zealand using a pre-prepared questionnaire to explore their attitudes towards the veterinary profession. Of those approached, 25 completed the survey.

RESULTS: The consultants surveyed agreed or strongly agreed (21/23) that they were the custodians of animal health expenditure on farms, which was seen as an expense to be controlled (19/25 agreed or strongly agreed). This view was held more strongly (9/9 agreed or strongly agreed) by consultants with >5 years’ professional experience, compared to 10/16 consultants with ≤5 years’ experience. Most consultants (24/25) disagreed that they did not respect veterinary advice, but agreed (24/25) that veterinarians almost always had a vested interest in the advice that they gave. The role of veterinarians was seen by respondents to be mainly treatment of sick animals (22/25) and provision of animal health products (24/25), but not in maximising farm profitability (selected by 8/25 respondents). Consultants viewed their own roles as providing advice on the influence of animal health on farm profitability (21/25), nutrition (22/25) and reproduction (20/25). Most respondents (21/25) stated that reducing disease and animal health issues was important, but they (21/25) also identified a reduction in farm animal health expenditure as a measure of success. Only 7/25 consultants felt that they should work in partnership with veterinarians.

CONCLUSIONS: This was a small scale study from one region of New Zealand but it indicates that consultants are ambivalent about the role and value of working more closely with veterinarians, and about the benefit that veterinary intervention may bring to a farm’s profitability.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: More successful veterinary involvement on dairy farms will follow from a better understanding of how other rural professionals are involved in the farm’s management and in meeting the individual farmer’s goals and motivations.     

Post‐weaning anoestrus in primiparous sows: LH patterns and effects of gonadotropin injection and boar exposure

Summary

Post‐weaning anoestrus was studied in eighteen primiparous sows, selected from a breed showing a high proportion of anoestrous sows. The sows were studied from late lactation, through weaning at day 29 post‐partum (p.p.), until day 21 post‐weaning (p.w.). Blood samples were taken once daily, and frequently (every ten minutes) on several days before and after weaning.

Out of a total of ten anoestrous sows, three were exposed to a boar and seven were given gonadotropins (PG600) on day 21 p.w.. Serial blood samples were analysed for LH only and daily samples were additionally analysed for oestradio1–170 and progesterone, by validated radioimmunoassay procedures. Analysis of variance of the basal level, pulse frequency, pulse amplitude and mean level of LH showed, retrospectively, that during lactation the basal and mean levels of LH were significantly lower in anoestrous than in oestrous sows (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the post‐weaning basal and mean levels of LH were also significantly lower in anoestrous than in oestrous sows (P ≤ 0.05). However, because of the small number of oestrous animals (n = 3), these results should be interpreted with caution.

Exposure of anoestrous sows to a boar did not result in oestrus and/or ovulation within seven days, but did increase LH pulse frequency. Injection of gonadotropins resulted in an LH surge, oestrus and ovulation in only three sows, but oestradiol levels were increased in six sows. From our experiments and from reports in the literature we conclude that a lowered secretion of LH may play a role in the aetiology of post‐weaning anoestrus in the sow.     

动物医学专业本科应用型人才培养目标实现路径探索 ——以新疆农业大学为例

根据新疆畜牧业发展需求,新疆农业大学动物医学专业确立了本科应用型人才培养目标。为实现该目标,在学科建设理念、课程体系建设、实践体系建设等方面进行了探索,对培养过程中存在的问题进行了梳理,并提出了今后努力的方向。     

浅谈推进我国中兽医药产业发展的科技策略

通过对我国目前中兽药产业发展的重要性、必要性以及发展现状、存在问题等分析,提出了推动我国中兽药产业发展的一些科技对策和建议。     

浅析基于MIS的兽医行政管理软件质量控制

文章就如何提高兽医MIS软件质量,从需求分析、规范制定、着眼实用、前瞻设计、体现服务、系统容错、严格测试、人员配置、控制进度、创新意识等十个方面进行了论述。     

畜牧兽医类中文科技期刊参考文献的英文著录解析

指出了科技期刊中文参考文献对照补充英文著录的重要性,具体列出畜牧兽医类中文核心期刊的标准英文刊名,并对英文著录的常见问题进行了分析,提出了避免参考文献著录错误的方法,以期供畜牧兽医期刊投稿作者和编辑人员参考。     

Risk of exposure to Coxiella burnetii from ruminant livestock exhibited at Iowa agricultural fairs

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen typically associated with clinical and asymptomatic infection in ruminant livestock. A re‐emerging pathogen of significant public health importance, C. burnetii has caused recent epidemics in the United States and Europe, and public livestock exhibitions are increasingly scrutinized as a potential source of C. burnetii exposure. Although C. burnetii prevalence data among North American domestic ruminants are extremely limited, contemporary studies suggest that this pathogen is both geographically widespread and highly prevalent on a herd basis, especially in dairy cattle and goat populations. We utilized a real‐time PCR assay to detect C. burnetii faecal shedding by clinically normal, non‐periparturient beef cattle, meat goats and sheep exhibited at Iowa agricultural fairs. Individual faecal samples were collected from beef cattle, meat goats and sheep exhibited at twelve Iowa county fairs during the summer of 2009. The sample pool was blocked by species and fair, and ten samples from each block were randomly selected for the diagnostic assay; this test pool is considered sufficient to identify with 95% confidence a shedding animal in a population prevalence of 2.85% (cattle and sheep) and 6.25% (goats). Detection of C. burnetii DNA was determined through use of a real‐time PCR assay validated for use in bovine, ovine and caprine faeces; threshold of detection is one DNA copy per PCR (sensitivity 95.8%, specificity 100%). All tested samples were negative for C. burnetii DNA. We conclude that non‐dairy, non‐periparturient ruminants exhibited at Iowa fairs are unlikely to shed C. burnetii in their faeces and that this population should not be considered to be a significant exposure risk to other livestock or fair attendees.     

Faecal Campylobacter shedding among dogs in animal shelters across Texas

Epidemiologic studies on faecal Campylobacter shedding among dogs in the United States have been limited, despite evidence that the incidence of human campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of faecal Campylobacter shedding among shelter dogs in Texas, to estimate the specific prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli shedding, and to identify risk factors for Campylobacter‐positive status. Using a cross‐sectional study design, we collected faecal samples from dogs in six animal shelters across Texas between May and December, 2014. Quantitative PCR protocols were used to detect Campylobacter in samples and to specifically identify C. jejuni and C. coli. The prevalence of faecal Campylobacter shedding among sampled dogs was 75.7% (140/185). Prevalence varied significantly by shelter (p = .03), ranging from 57% to 93%. There was a marginal association (p = .06) between abnormal faecal consistency and positive Campylobacter status, after controlling for shelter as a random effect. However, approximately 70% of Campylobacter‐positive dogs had grossly normal faeces. Campylobacter prevalence did not vary significantly by age group or sex. The prevalence of C. jejuni‐positive samples was 5.4% (10/185), but C. coli was not detected in any samples. Dogs are a potential source of zoonotic Campylobacter transmission.     

兽医公共卫生学课程思政设计与实践

全面推进课程思政建设,发挥专业课程立德树人的作用,专业课程应与思想政治课程同向同行,发挥协同育人效应。专业课程中深入发掘思政元素,是课程思政建设的重要内容,以动物医学专业“兽医公共卫生学”课程为例,对思政元素挖掘、课程教学融合、思政教学效果评价等进行了探索和实践,为农学专业课程中发掘思政元素提供参考。