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美洲斑潜蝇是一种严重危害蔬菜、棉麻、油料等类作物的新传入我国黄土高原的国际国内植物检疫对象,一般可造成20-50%的减产,严重时绝产,使广大群众深受其害。为此,本文根据1997年的初步调查和有关资料,介绍了该虫的危害情况,生物学特发表主其与豌豆潜叶蝇的不同之处、检测意见和防治方法,以便搞好对该虫的检凤与防治。 相似文献
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随着我国科学技术的不断发展,世界各地的农作物进口产品逐渐增多,这也加剧了外来有害生物入侵的可能。外来有害生物的入侵,不仅使生态系统以及生物多样性的稳定性受到威胁,而且也造成了一定的经济损失。基于此,针对植物检疫和生物多样性保护中的基本概念、概念之间的区别、联系以及植物检疫性有害生物与外来入侵物种的关系进行分析与探讨,使生态系统的稳定性增强,农林业的发展更加安全,人类的健康得到保护。 相似文献
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柑橘大实蝇的发生为害及综合防治技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
柑橘大实蝇既是国内外植物检疫对象,又是柑橘生产上的重要害虫,本文针对其发生规律,从生物学特性方面提出了毒土封杀、树冠诱杀、捡净落地果等一系列综合防治措施。 相似文献
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调查研究表明,铜仁地区西部核桃病虫害种类有31种,其中病害3种、虫害28种。经为害情况分析,提出搞好监测预报、加强植物检疫、完善果园管理、进行物理防治、利用生物防控和适当化学处理等综合治理对策。 相似文献
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Removing pests from islands, and then keeping them pest free, is a common management goal. Given that goal we face a decision: how much effort should we invest in quarantine to reduce the risk of a pest arriving vs. surveillance, looking for the pest on the island with the view of eradicating it before it gets out of control. We use models of an island under threat of invasion by a pest (animal, plant or disease) and a cost minimisation approach to optimally allocate management resources between quarantine and surveillance. In the optimal allocations joint investment in both quarantine and surveillance is uncommon. Investment in quarantine is optimal if quarantine is more effective than surveillance or if large costs associated with pest impact and eradication are incurred at low pest density. Investment in quarantine is also favoured as our ability to eradicate a pest declines. Surveillance is optimal if it is considerably more cost-effective than quarantine and we can generate significant savings through early detection of the pest population. We illustrate how theses models are useful ways to examine these trade-offs by applying the model to the prevention of black rat (Rattus rattus) invasion on Barrow Island, Western Australia. Our model predicts an optimal strategy different to the management strategy currently being used on the island. We suggest that this is due to a risk-averse tendency in managers and the difficulty of estimating costs that combine management, environmental and social factors. 相似文献
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Wayne Ganpat Renita C. Sewsaran Wayne DeChi Brandon Murphy 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2019,20(2):147-158
Plant quarantine is a key strategy in international plant protection efforts. This study identified the areas for knowledge and skills improvement among 108 Caribbean plant protection personnel from 20 countries. The Borich (1980) model of needs assessment was used. Results showed that respondents perceived all areas assessed as very important to their job functions. However, they perceived their proficiencies as low to average. Areas with highest training needs, as well as lowest need areas, were identified. The results can be used to revise the curricula for the regional training of plant quarantine personnel. 相似文献
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相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)是一种危险性外来入侵生物,使发生的国家造成极大的损失。相似穿孔线虫具有很强的适应性,地理分布达到59个国家和地区,寄主达到360多种,且具有一定的检验难度,其入侵会造成农业生产上巨大的经济损失;结合国内寄主植物分布和种植情况,确定了其在中国具有传入、定殖和扩散的可能性。依据国际植物检疫措施标准(ISPM)规定的有害生物风险分析程序(PRAS),采用多指标综合评估方法,对各指标进行赋值运算,获得总指标值R为2.6,符合高风险的检疫性有害生物标准。因此将相似穿孔线虫列入香蕉、花卉等经济植物的一类检疫性有害生物名单,实施外来入侵物种的风险管理。 相似文献
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Residue uptake and storage responses of Tarocco blood oranges after preharvest thiabendazole spray and postharvest heat treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Schirra M Cabras P Angioni A D'hallewin G Pala M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(8):2293-2296
Tarocco blood oranges (Citrus sinensis Linn. Obsek) were subjected to a single preharvest spray with thiabendazole (TBZ) at a concentration of 1% active ingredient (ai) in water and harvested 2 weeks after fungicide application or heated at 37 degrees C for 48 h under saturated humidity after harvest. The two treatments were also combined before cold quarantine (3 weeks at 2 degrees C), subsequent storage (3 weeks at 8 degrees C), and simulated marketing period (SMP) (1 week at 20 degrees C). Fruit not treated with TBZ and unheated were used as controls. The residue levels of TBZ (active ingredient, whole fruit basis) after spray were approximately 6.3 and 5.4 mg x kg(-1) before fruit storage respectively, a level close to the tolerance limit set by the European Community. TBZ showed a high persistence during quarantine, storage, and SMP. TBZ spray significantly reduced the incidence and severity of chilling injury (CI) and decay during the postquarantine period and SMP. Heat treatment (HT) produced beneficial effects in controlling CI, especially during SMP, when applied in combination with TBZ. However, HT remarkably promoted the development of secondary fungal infections such as Phytophthora rots and adversely affected fruit flavor and taste. The occurrence of off-flavor and off-taste was found to be perceptible after heating. 相似文献
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RFID技术在活猪检验检疫监督管理中的应用研究 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
为了建立动物源性食品的高效溯源追踪体系,该文基于无线射频识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)建立了一个活猪检验检疫监督管理电子化系统,并对RFID系统的技术参数和设备进行了筛选确定,同时对试点应用效果进行了评价.测试结果表明,系统实现了对活猪饲养、出栏检疫、运输及屠宰加工等全过程溯源追踪管理,电子耳标为养猪业及相关养殖业提供了一条全新的信息化标识途径,完全可以取代目前的供港活猪针印标识,并大幅提高供港活猪安全卫生质量的监管水平. 相似文献
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杂交水稻的研究和推广为国民经济的发展起到了重要的作用,并已经在东南亚地区推广。如何建立一套快速、准确的杂交水稻真伪及纯度检测体系一直是困扰着口岸检疫人员的技术难题。实时荧光PCR技术是近年来新兴的检验技术。我们通过对已报道的雄性不育特异片段R2-630WA进行PCR验证,发现其可以作为鉴定杂交稻不育胞质的分子标记。依据此片段设计并合成一对引物和一条TaqMan荧光探针,对17个水稻品种进行实时荧光PCR检测。结果表明:此探针可以特异扩增三系杂交稻F1及不育系,并可初步用于三系杂交稻的纯度检测,由此建立了一套准确、快速的三系杂交稻鉴定体系。 相似文献
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随着教学改革的不断深入,各高职高专院校的各专业都有了长足的发展,同时对教学质量及教学效果有了更高的要求。针对目前社会对高等职院教学改革的基本要求及目前高职院校教学体系的现状,分析存在的主要问题,提出几点教学改革的建议,以此进一步推动职业院校的健康发展。 相似文献