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为明确我国南方河岸带广泛分布的几种植物在其原始生境季节性淹水胁迫下的生长情况,设置对照(不进行水淹,常规供水管理)、半淹(水位刚好淹没土面)和全淹(水位淹没并高于植株7 cm)3个处理,时间为30 d,利用相对修剪干重、相对恢复干重、相对地上部分干重和相对根系干重等指标,对几种暖季型草坪草的水淹胁迫下生长情况进行综合评价。结果表明:不同草坪草资源的耐淹性差异明显,在半淹处理30 d后,耐淹性由强到弱依次为伪针茅(Pseudoraphis spinescens)>双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)>杂交狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon×C. transvaalensis) >假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)>海滨雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum)>狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon);在全淹处理30 d后,伪针茅和双穗雀稗的耐淹性最好,其植株能够迅速长出水面,而其余草种一直淹没在水中生长受到严重抑制,几乎停滞,综合分析后得到全淹处理下耐淹性由强到弱为伪针茅>双穗雀稗>杂交狗牙根>狗牙根> 海滨雀稗>假俭草。同一种草坪草资源在半淹胁迫下其生长受到的伤害明显小于全淹胁迫,而不同生境的同种草坪草其耐水淹能力亦存在明显差异。表明伪针茅PX02、双穗雀稗P018、双穗雀稗P019、双穗雀稗P020、杂交狗牙根C751、杂交狗牙根C807及狗牙根C291具有较强的耐淹性,是理想的河岸带植被重建植物资源。 相似文献
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狗牙根种质对冷害的生理反应 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
对采自佛山市的3个狗牙根材料(狗牙根1号,3号和5号)及杂交狗牙根品种天堂419的抗寒性进行了比较研究,发现田间种植的狗牙根材料在受到2004年12月的寒潮袭击后,相对电导率升高,其中天堂419的升高幅度最大,而狗牙根1号和5号的升高幅度较小;天堂419的光合速率降低最多,而狗牙根5号的光合速率仅轻微降低;叶片的可溶性糖含量均提高,狗牙根5号的根系可溶性糖含量升高,但其他材料的可溶性糖含量降低。在韶光地区霜冻条件下的试验结果表明,狗牙根5号的草坪质量评分最高,绿期最长,表明狗牙根5号的抗寒性较强。 相似文献
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利用塑料薄膜覆盖、遮阳网覆盖和草帘覆盖,观测野生狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)返青初期叶片、茎和根茎各组织器官的形态特征,测定叶绿素含量、相对含水量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量和保护酶活性等生理生化指标,以揭示不同覆盖处理下狗牙根各组织器官的生理响应.结果表明:经覆盖处理的狗牙根返青率在88.67%以上,而未覆盖的狗牙根植株全部死亡;草帘覆盖处理的狗牙根草坪盖度、株高、叶绿素含量显著高于遮阳网覆盖,而丙二醛含量及质膜透性显著低于遮阳网覆盖,效果最好;塑料薄膜次之,遮阳网较差.狗牙根各器官对覆盖物的响应表现出根茎 >叶片 >茎. 相似文献
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狗牙根是一种重要的暖季型草坪草、牧草和水土保持植物。笔者对狗牙根抗盐性评价及抗盐机理方面的研究进行了综述。目前已经对狗牙根属内及与其他草种间进行了广泛的抗盐性评价,认为其具有较强的抗盐性,能够在盐碱地生长,并且存在较大的属内基因型变异;从种间来看,狗牙根的抗盐性通常弱于盐草、沟叶结缕草、海雀稗等草种,而强于结缕草、虎尾草、野牛草、假俭草、高羊茅等草种。在抗盐机理上,已经在离子(主要为Na+、K+)调控和渗透调节上取得一些进展,狗牙根主要通过盐腺分泌盐离子、离子选择运输、气孔调节等来降低地上部分盐离子积累,通过积累甜菜碱、脯氨酸、可溶性糖等有机物来进行渗透调节。将来的研究应主要侧重于离子选择性吸收、运输、分配和有机渗透调节物质合成关键基因的确定及表达调控机制。 相似文献
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低温胁迫对狗牙根激素和碳水化合物代谢的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以杂交狗牙根品种天堂419,天堂328,老鹰草,运动百慕大和普通狗牙根品种保定狗牙根为试验材料,分析了人工模拟昼夜温度为适温(30℃/25℃)、亚适温(18℃/10℃)、冷害(8℃/4℃)和冻害(4℃/-4℃)等4种梯度降温冷驯化条件下,低温胁迫对狗牙根叶片细胞膜稳定性、叶绿素含量、内源激素(ABA、IAA,GA3和tZR)以及可溶性糖、淀粉、果聚糖、总非结构性糖等碳水化合物代谢的影响。结果表明:随着温度的降低,狗牙根叶片的电导率显著升高,叶绿素含量下降,内源激素ABA含量升高,而IAA,GA3和tZR含量均下降;碳水化合物中可溶性糖、果糖和总非结构性糖含量在5个品种中均呈不同程度的升高,但不同品种在冷驯化过程中不同温度处理下其变化差异较大,如天堂328、老鹰草和运动百慕大的淀粉含量下降;天堂419的淀粉含量变化不大,而保定狗牙根的淀粉含量则呈上升趋势。综合分析各生理指标的变化,5个狗牙根品种的抗寒能力强弱为:保定狗牙根最弱,而天堂419,老鹰草、天堂328和运动百慕大耐寒能力依次较强。低温胁迫下积累或维持较高的内源激素ABA、GA3、IAA、tZR和碳水化合物可溶性糖和果聚糖可能是耐寒性较强的主要原因,这些代谢物的积累或维持有助于狗牙根细胞内渗透平衡和细胞膜稳定性的维持,延缓叶片的枯黄衰老和诱导抗性相关基因或蛋白的表达从而提高了狗牙根品种的抗寒能力。 相似文献
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五种草坪草对水涝胁迫的反应及耐涝评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella(L.)Merr.)、大穗结缕草(Z.macrostachya Franch.et Sav.)、普通狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon(L.)Pers.)、青岛结缕草(Z.japonicacv QingDao)和高羊茅品种翠碧(Festuca arundinacea cv Triplet)为材料,对其在水涝胁迫下草坪草形态、生理指标变化进行了研究,并采用隶属函数法对其耐涝性进行评价,以期为江南中下游地区草坪草的栽培提供试验依据。结果表明:随水涝时间的延长,叶片枯黄率逐渐增加,叶片相对电导率(REC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及游离脯氨酸(Pro)和可溶性总糖(TSC)含量5个生理指标在水胁迫15 d时均比对照明显增加;以REC,SOD和POD活性以及Pro和TSC含量为指标,对5个草种的耐涝隶属函数值进行计算,并对其耐涝适应性进行综合评价,得出5个草种的耐涝性顺序为大穗结缕草>普通狗牙根>翠碧>青岛结缕草>沟叶结缕草。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献