大豆食心虫性信息素的化学结构触角电位及田间诱蛾效果

用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析,证明反-8,反-10-十二碳二烯醇醋酸(B)是大豆食心虫[Leguminivora glycinivorella (Mats.)]性信息素的组分。通过触角电位(EAG)测试,发现反-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(A)、B和反-7,顺-9-十二碳二烯醇醋酸酯(C)对该虫雄蛾触角有强烈刺激作用。大量田间诱蛾试验表明,由A和B两化合物组成的性引诱剂,对该虫雄蛾有很高的引诱活性。其中A和B按5:2混合,剂量50μg/诱捕盆,单盆每日最多诱捕雄蛾达776头,诱捕雄蛾总数是1头活雌蛾的16.8倍。顺-10-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯(D)和反-10-十四碳烯醇醋酸酯(E)降低AB的引诱活性,甘油作为缓释剂,能延长诱芯的有效期,即诱蛾活性。上述结果表明,我国大豆食心虫性信息素不同于日本大豆食心虫性信息素。小面积防治应用试验效果明显。     

小地老虎性引诱剂的诱蛾效果研究

广泛的田间筛选试验和不同地区的诱捕测试证实,顺-7-十二碳烯醇醋酸酯、顺-9-十四碳烯醇醋酸酯、顺-11-十六碳烯醇醋酸酯、顺-11-十六碳烯醇,配比为0.8:0.2:0.25:0.5的4组份混合物是小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon Rottemberg)引诱力很强的性引诱剂。诱捕结果表明含有30—70微克剂量的橡皮塞诱芯可得到很好的诱捕效果,与糖醋测报方法比较,两者诱测的消长规律基本一致,而性诱剂始见期早,诱蛾量大,蛾峰明显,成本低廉,可广泛应用于测报。     

大豆食心虫性信息素多元组分诱芯的田间引诱活性

为探索对大豆食心虫具有更高诱捕能力的性引诱剂配方,系统研究了大豆食心虫性信息素合成化合物多元组分配方对大豆食心虫雄蛾的田间引诱活性。结果表明:一定配比的、由E10-12:Ac、E8,E10-12:Ald、E8-12:OH、E8-12:Ald、Z9-14:Ac或14:Ac与E8,E10-12:Ac组成的三元、四元及五元组分配方对大豆食心虫雄蛾的引诱活性均优于标准对照诱芯。其中,E8,E10-12:Ac与E10-12:Ac、E8-12:OH、E8,E10-12:Ald组成的四元混配诱芯对大豆食心虫的田间引诱活性显著高于标准对照诱芯,可考虑用作为防控我国大豆食心虫的新型性引诱剂。     

棘禾草螟雌蛾性外激素的电生理分析及田间诱蛾效果

应用电生理学方法,从38种标样化合物中,发现4种对棘禾草螟雄蛾触角具有强烈的触角电位(EAG)反应,使用这4种化合物的不同比例,在田间做诱捕雄蛾的试验,其结果表明,只其中一种,即顺-9-十六碳烯醛(A),具有很高的诱蛾活性。顺-11-十八碳烯醛(B)、顺-9-十四碳烯醛(C)、顺-9-十六碳烯醇(D)三种化合物,加入到顺-9-十六碳烯醛中,都具有明显的抑制诱蛾效果。     

粘虫雌蛾性信息素特征成分鉴定及其不同配比的室内引诱效果

为确定粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)雌蛾的性信息素特征成分及其不同配比的室内引诱效果,采用气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱-触角电位联用技术检测了雌蛾性腺浸提液,并利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了粘虫雄蛾对不同配比性信息素特征成分的选择反应。结果显示,从粘虫的求偶雌蛾性腺浸提液中可分离到顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇3种特征成分,在色谱柱中的保留时间依次为15.82、16.06和17.27 min,含量分别为3.37、1.83和0.10 ng,比例约为34∶18∶1。无论是天然存在于雌蛾性腺还是人工合成的顺-11-十六碳烯醛均能够激发雄蛾的电生理反应。顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇不同配比对雄蛾表现出不同的引诱活性,最大引诱率达87%,极显著高于对照溶剂石蜡油对雄蛾的引诱率。表明顺-11-十六碳烯醛、十六碳醛和顺-11-十六碳烯醇为中国粘虫种群的雌蛾性信息素特征成分,且其不同配比对雄蛾有不同的引诱活性。     

利用性诱剂诱测大豆食心虫

对于大豆食心虫成虫的预测调查,多采用田间惊蛾目测法进行,但在目测过程中,常因虫种混淆而出现误差。近年我们利用中国科学院长春应用化学研究所提供的性诱剂诱芯,每芯含性信息素50微克,其主要成分为反10—十二碳烯醇乙酸酯:反8反10—十二碳二烯醇乙酸酯=5∶2。诱芯的设置方法是取三根竹竿做成三角架,置于豆田内,将水盆放在三角架上,使盆高出豆株10厘米以上,盆径25厘米,装满     

E8,E10-12:OH对梨小食心虫性信息素的增效作用

本文旨在明确不同剂量的苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella性信息素主成分E8, E10-12:OH对梨小食心虫性信息素的增效作用,为梨小食心虫的监测及生物防治提供参考。通过田间诱捕试验和触角电位技术,探究了不同剂量的E8, E10-12:OH和梨小食心虫性信息素混配对梨小食心虫雄虫田间诱集效果及触角电位反应的影响。田间试验结果表明,5种剂量E8,E10-12:OH均对梨小食心虫有引诱活性,但各剂量间诱集效果差异不显著;5种剂量E8, E10-12:OH与梨小食心虫性信息素混配处理的田间诱集效果均显著高于对照（梨小食心虫性信息素）,其中20μg E8, E10-12:OH与梨小食心虫性信息素混配的诱捕量是对照的2.86倍;梨小食心虫雄虫对E8,E10-12:OH和梨小食心虫性信息素的触角电位反应均随剂量增大而增强。E8,E10-12:OH可作为梨小食心虫引诱剂或性信息素的增效剂,提升对梨小食心虫的诱捕效果,精准其种群发生动态监测。     

合成性诱剂对粘虫雄蛾的引诱活性

本文叙述合成性诱剂对粘虫Mythimna separata Walker雄蛾的引诱活性。在北京第二代粘虫发生期间的试验表明,顺—11—十六烯醛对粘虫雄蛾有很强的引诱活性。在顺—11—十六烯醛中加入少量顺—11—十六烯醇乙酸酯(1—10％),能显著地提高诱蛾活性。同时表明在日本活性很高的粘虫诱芯(顺—11—十六烯醇乙酸酯及顺—11—十六烯醇比例为8:1或9:1)在中国北方诱到的粘虫雄蛾数量极少。在中国北方第三代粘虫发生期,以顺—11—十六烯醛和顺—11—十六烯醇乙酸酯(9:1或9.5:0.5)为组分的诱芯对粘虫雄蛾也显示了较弱的引诱活性。     

槐小卷蛾性信息素次要活性组分的鉴定与活性

采用单腺体提取技术,通过毛细管气相色谱、气┐质联用分析以及触角电位活性测定和林间试验,鉴定出槐小卷蛾性信息素的次要活性组分反８,反１０┐十二碳双烯醛。林间活性试验表明,反８,反１０┐十二碳双烯醛单独使用时没有诱蛾活性;但在槐小卷蛾性信息素的主要活性成分中加入反８,反１０┐十二碳双烯醛,田间诱蛾量显著提高     

延安地区苹果园食心虫种类及其种群消长动态调查

利用5种果树食心虫的性诱剂通过诱捕法调查了延安苹果产区苹果园中桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫、李小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃蛀螟的发生情况及成虫在田间的种群消长动态;对梨小食心虫和李小食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”能力进行了测定。结果表明,在苹果园中发生的食心虫主要有桃小食心虫、梨小食心虫和李小食心虫3种,未诱捕到桃蛀螟和苹果蠹蛾。不同调查点的诱捕结果均表明,李小食心虫成虫种群数量最大,属于优势种群,梨小食心虫次之,桃小食心虫种群数量相对最小。桃小食心虫雄成虫1年有2个发生高峰期,越冬代成虫羽化出土极不整齐;梨小食心虫在苹果树整个生长季均可诱捕到,雄成虫1年具有不明显的4个发生盛期;李小食心虫越冬代成虫羽化较为整齐,雄成虫1年有2个明显的发生高峰期,该虫在延安地区年发生2代。梨小食心虫和李小食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”试验表明,2种食心虫的性诱剂对种内和种间雄蛾均具有引诱活性,但梨小食心虫性诱剂对种内和种间雄蛾的引诱能力均显著强于李小食心虫性诱剂,诱蛾量分别是李小食心虫性诱剂诱蛾量的2.75和2.30倍,2种食心虫性诱剂的“交互引诱”能力具有不对称性。本试验明确了延安苹果产区食心虫的种类组成及主要食心虫在田间的种群消长规律,对预测预报和治理苹果园食心虫提供了重要的参考依据。     

Dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates as disruptants of moth sex pheromone-mediated behavior

A series of dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphono-fluoridates in which one or two of the alkyl moieties were long-chain alkyl groups were synthesized and examined for their ability to disrupt moth sex pheromone-mediated behavior of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta. Disruption of pheromone-mediated behavior was found only for those compounds containing a (Z)-8-dodecenyl moiety, i.e. the alkyl substituent of the principal pheromone component ((Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate) of the oriental fruit moth. Di-((Z)-8-dodecenyl) phosphorofluoridate was nearly as disruptive as (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate.     

甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定及其田间试验

采用气相色谱仪(GC)及气质联用仪(GC-MS)等技术对我国甜菜夜蛾性信息素组分的鉴定结果表明,雌蛾性信息素腺体中含有4种组分,分别为Z9,E12-14:Ac(A)、Z9-14:OH(B)、Z9-14:Ac(C)和Z9,E12-14:OH(D);田间和室内种群各组分的比例(A:B:C:D)分别为47:18:18:17和43:18:23:16,比例及滴度在两种群间未有显著差异;雄蛾田间引诱测定表明,组分A、B显示性信息素活性。几种不同配比的硅橡胶塞诱芯在田间均显示极高的诱蛾活性,以9:1的AB二元诱芯(剂量100μg)最高,其诱蛾量与黑光灯相当,两者呈显著的正相关性,表明该诱芯可替代黑光灯用于甜菜夜蛾的种群测报。利用性诱捕器进行田间种群监测显示,1999年浙江省慈溪市的甜菜夜蛾共发生6代,以第4、5代发生量最高。     

Efficacy of the pear ester as a monitoring tool for codling moth Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand apple orchards

BACKGROUND: The behavioural response of both sexes of codling moth, Cydia pomonella to the pear-derived kairomone (ethyl (2E,4Z)-2,4-decadienoate), codling moth sex pheromone (E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol), and sex pheromone combined with the pear derived kairomone loaded into red rubber septum were investigated in trapping experiments in New Zealand apple orchards. A range of 0.01-10.0 mg of pheromone loading in rubber septum dispensers was tested and the highest catch of males was in traps baited with 1.0 mg. No dose response in trap catch of males was seen in traps baited with different amounts of pear-derived kairomone (0.01-10.0 mg). RESULTS: The number of females caught was significantly affected by the amount of pear derived kairomone used to bait traps, with the highest catch obtained at 10 mg loading. The attractiveness of sex pheromone was not enhanced by the addition of the kairomone either when used in the same bait or in a separate bait. The mean number of males captured in traps was reduced by 44% when the pheromone and kairomone were combined at ratio of 1:1 (0.1 mg pheromone: 0.1 mg kairomone) in separate sources. CONCLUSION: Kairomone baited traps showed some potential for monitoring the flight activity of female C. pomonella in apple orchards in two locations (Canterbury and Hawke's Bay). However, the number of male moths caught was low as compared to the number of male moths caught in pheromone-baited traps, and therefore the sex pheromone should continue to be used for monitoring male activity.     

Field evaluation of the synthetic female sex pheromone of the citrus flower moth,Prays Citri (mill.) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), and related compounds

The synthetic female sex pheromone ofPrays citri, (Z)-7-tetradecenal, proved to be highly attractive to male moths in the field when released from a variety of dispensers in five different designs of sticky trap. When the pheromone was released from impregnated polyethylene vials, a wide range of initial loadings from 10 μg to 20 mg was attractive, and loadings of 40 μg and above were more attractive than a virgin female moth. Initial loadings of 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg remained attractive for at least five months in the field. Release rates of pheromone from the polyethylene vials under constant laboratory conditions were measured for two different initial loadings. Other isomers of the pheromone and a pheromone ‘mimic’, (Z)-5-dodecenyl formate, were unattractive to male moths and did not affect the attractiveness of the synthetic pheromone or of a virgin female moth.     

(Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol increase male attraction to sex pheromone trap in Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The effects of host-plant volatiles (HPVs) on male oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and response to sex pheromone trap were studied in a pear orchard. Two HPVs compounds, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-undecanol, combined with sex pheromone of G. molesta in traps were tested. The results showed that most of the male moths were captured in the traps baited with the sex pheromone combined with these two HPVs compounds than by the pheromone alone. Also, more males were captured by the trap containing pheromone plus (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate than by the one containing 1-undecanol. It appeared that these HPVs act as sex pheromone synergists to enhance the attraction of male G. molestato pheromone traps, since males were not captured in the traps baited only with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and/or 1-undecanol.     

桃蛀螟性诱剂的筛选及其在黄淮海夏玉米区种群动态监测中的应用

桃蛀螟Conogethes punctiferalis(Guenée)是我国黄淮海夏玉米区的主要玉米穗部害虫,幼虫取食玉米果穗不但直接影响玉米产量,而且严重降低玉米品质.为了更好地利用性诱剂监测玉米田桃蛀螟种群动态和有效防控桃蛀螟为害,比较了桃蛀螟性信息素成分顺-10-十六碳烯醛-(Z)-10-hexadecenal,...     

Regional differences in pheromone responses of diamondback moth in Indonesia

Trap captures with two‐ and three‐component blends of synthetic sex pheromone for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), were assessed in Indonesia. In West Java, the two‐component blend containing 10g of (Z)‐11‐hexadecen‐1‐ol acetate and (Z)‐11‐hexadecena| in a 4:6 ratio captured the greatest number of diamondback moths. Three and five virgin females were more attractive than the two‐component lures, which were as attractive as lures that also contained (Z)‐9‐tetradecen‐1‐ol acetate. In North Sulawesi, a 100 g dose of the two‐component blend attracted more males than the 10 g dose but was not significantly more potent than five virgin females. These results suggests that pheromone production and bioactivity should be assessed in separate populations prior to attempts to develop pheromone‐based monitoring or mating disruption programmes.     

高剂量性信息素环境对草地贪夜蛾求偶和交配行为的影响

本文在风洞中模拟形成高浓度性信息素Z7-12:Ac、Z9-14:Ac和 Z11-16:Ac 环境,研究草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)的求偶和交配行为,为进一步开发交配干扰技术提供技术参数和依据。研究结果表明,在高剂量性信息素环境下,草地贪夜蛾雄蛾的暗期活动时间延后,而雌蛾的活动节律则没有变化,雌雄蛾之间产生了活动节律的时间差。同时,雌雄交配率和交配持续时间显著下降,交配日龄则显著延迟2 d。由于交配日龄延迟,产卵量及其孵化率也相应降低。性信息素喷射时间间隔对草地贪夜蛾性信息素释放滴度有显著影响,当间隔时间为5、10、20 min时,雌蛾释放的性信息素滴度显著下降,以5 min为最低。因此,高剂量性信息素环境不仅影响雄蛾对性信息素的定向,对雌雄蛾间化学通讯和交配也有显著影响。