Ultrastructure of Leukocytes in Acutely Inflamed Dermis and Muscle of Channel Catfish at Different Temperatures

Abstract

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were acclimated for 35 d at 21°C, 15°C, and 9°C. Fish were injected 3 mm beneath the skin surface with 15 μL of turpentine, and inflamed skin and muscle samples were excised after 48 and 72 h for ultrastructural examination. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages were present in the inflamed tissues at all times and temperatures; eosinophils and basophils were not found. Neutrophils were identified by their oval-to-elongate granules with a striated or crystalline core, heavy deposits of glycogen, longitudinal cristae of the mitochondria, and eccentrically located nuclei. Macrophages were distinguished by their numerous pseudopodia, vacuoles, lysosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. Lymphocytes were distinguished by their chromatin-dense nucleus, numerous free ribosomes, and small volume of cytoplasm. Neutrophils were the most common inflammatory cell present, and there were no apparent differences in relative abundance within the inflammatory foci of fish acclimated to the three temperatures. Compared with neutrophils in peripheral blood, neutrophils in inflamed tissues had comparatively rare, swollen mitochondria, and cytoplasmic tubules were not observed. A few neutrophils had vacuoles, phagosomes, or pseudopodia. Lymphocytes in inflamed foci did not contain a Golgi apparatus, granules, vacuoles, or vesicles and had less cytoplasm than did lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Macrophages were the rarest type of inflammatory cell within inflamed areas and differed from peripheral blood monocytes in that macrophages contained numerous lysosomes and vacuoles. No structural differences were associated with particular temperatures for any type of leukocyte.     

氟对小鼠附睾中成熟精子超微结构的影响

本试验探讨了氟对小鼠附睾中成熟精子超微结构的影响,为氟的生殖毒性研究与检测提供依据。选取8周龄性成熟雄性昆明小鼠20只,随机分为4组,对照组小鼠饮用蒸馏水,低、中和高氟组小鼠分别饮用含25、50和100 mg/L氟化钠的蒸馏水,于45 d后断颈处死小鼠,取小鼠附睾尾,经2.5%戊二醛固定后,采用透射电镜观察小鼠附睾中成熟精子的超微结构变化。与对照组相比,低氟组小鼠精子头部质膜断裂,部分脱落,个别线粒体肿胀、形态模糊;中氟组精子头部质膜脱落,顶体部分缺失,线粒体形状不规则,嵴间腔扩大;高氟组精子头部质膜脱落,线粒体排列不规则,出现空泡化,嵴结构模糊。结果表明,氟暴露小鼠附睾中成熟精子头、尾部中段均有不同程度的结构改变,尤以线粒体出现较明显的异常,且氟浓度越高,精子超微结构损伤越严重。     

山羊支原体的分离与鉴定

1997年对怀化市山羊疫病血清学调查时发现山羊传染性胸膜肺炎阳性率为7.25%。为证实本病的存在，从1998年以来共采集山羊肺脏病理材料60份，分离出二株支原体，将分离株接种山羊气管后复制出本病。根据国际兽疫局的标准诊断方法以及分离物培养特性、显微镜观察、生长抑制试验、生化试验等，初步鉴定为丝状支原体山羊亚种和绵羊肺炎支原体。     

山羊miRNA研究进展

miRNA作为一类内源性的,小型非编码RNA,通过其种子序列与靶基因互作,以序列特异性方式调控靶基因的表达,参与多种生理、生化和病理的过程。本文综述了近年来miRNA在山羊泌乳生理、肌肉生长和发育、毛囊皮肤发育和繁殖生理等方面的研究,为相关研究提供参考。     

山羊miRNA研究进展

miRNA作为一类内源性的,小型非编码RNA,通过其种子序列与靶基因互作,以序列特异性方式调控靶基因的表达,参与多种生理、生化和病理的过程.本文综述了近年来miRNA在山羊泌乳生理、肌肉生长和发育、毛囊皮肤发育和繁殖生理等方面的研究,为相关研究提供参考.     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的诊断与治疗

2008年12月长沙县某羊场发生了以高热、咳嗽,纤维蛋白渗出性肺炎和胸膜炎为特征,多呈急性经过,死亡率高的疫病,该基地饲养的387头山羊中,成年羊发病率达12.9%(16/124),主要表现为咳嗽、孕羊流产,6-12月龄的青年羊发病率为42.9%(84/196),死亡率高达26.19%(22/84),而6月龄以下的羔羊发病则较少。根据流行病学调查、临床症状、剖检病变及实验室诊断等确诊为山羊传染性胸膜肺炎,采取及时隔离、加强消毒和饲养管理,并采用敏感药物进行治疗,控制继发感染等综合措施,有效地控制了该病的发生。     

羊乳酪蛋白稳定性分析

羊奶酪蛋白稳定性的高低直接决定着羊奶蛋白质的品质,为了获得高品质的羊奶有必要对羊奶中的酪蛋白稳定性进行分析研究.本文概述了我国羊奶制品行业的发展现状,对羊奶酪蛋白的特性进行了简要的分析,并总结了影响羊奶酪蛋白稳定性的因素.综述了温度、pH值、无机盐离子、食品添加剂及超高压处理分别对羊奶酪蛋白稳定性的影响.对羊奶酪蛋白稳定性的控制对羊奶产品的开发具有一定指导意义.     

山羊血淋巴结的解剖学观察

对山羊血淋巴结的输入和输出管道进行了追踪解剖学观察，发现所观察到的山羊血淋巴结位于淋巴循环的径路上，过滤的是含有红细胞的淋巴液而不是血液，所观察到的山羊血淋巴结就是淋巴结。     

In vitro Growth and Maturation of Caprine Oocytes

This study was conducted to culture in vitro caprine pre-antral follicles for determining the competence of growth and maturation of oocytes and establishing a suitable culture system for oocyte maturation from pre-antral follicles. Two different culture methods (microdrop and agar gel clot) were employed to culture caprine pre-antral follicles. The pre-antral follicles were isolated from prepubertal goat ovaries by treatment with collagenase and DNase. The isolated pre-antral follicles were cultured in basic culture medium for 9 days (for growth). And oocytes were cultured in maturation culture medium for another 2 days for maturation. The result demonstrated that the growth rate of oocytes cultured in microdrops was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in agar gel clots, whereas the viability of oocytes in microdrops was considerably (p < 0.05) lower than that in agar gel clots. The oocytes grew over 150 microm in diameter, and two of 151 oocytes cultured in microdrops yielded morphologically abnormal first polar bodies. However, the size of oocytes cultured in agar gel approached to 120 microm in diameter and no polar body was produced.     

Demonstration of Generalized Infection with Caprine Herpesvirus 1 Diagnosed in an Aborted Caprine Fetus by PCR

Veterinary Research Communications -     

山羊干酪性淋巴结炎病原的分离和鉴定

2010年9月从一起以皮下浅表淋巴结肿大,后期呈脓性干酪样坏死的山羊病例的脓汁中,分得一株多形态、无荚膜和芽胞的革兰氏阳性的球杆菌,该菌在马丁汤和马丁琼脂平板上生长缓慢,在麦康凯琼脂上不生长,但在鲜血琼脂或犊牛血清琼脂上生长良好,48h可长成直径在1mm大小,灰白色、不透明、干燥、中央突起、边缘不整齐,在鲜血琼脂平板上呈β型溶血的菌落。经对病原分离培养、生化试验、动物致病性试验和PCR检测鉴定该菌为伪结核棒状杆菌。并根据药敏试验的结果对病羊进行治疗,提出了综合防治措施。     

羊和猪胎盘肽的提取

利用超滤法从羊和猪的胎盘中提取胎盘肽,用改良的加脲Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳法对其进行初步定性鉴定。成功分离显示出了羊的胎盘肽,其分子质量小于5 ku,与人胎盘肽的分子质量范围完全符合。猪的6 ku的蛋白带很明显,但低于5 ku的蛋白带不是很明显。     

山羊传染性胸膜肺炎病原的分离鉴定

从内蒙古地区山羊病料中分离出疑似山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的病原,经染色镜检、生化鉴定、血清学等方法初步鉴定为山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种.参照已知山羊支原体ADI基因设计的引物进行PCR扩增,通过电泳分析得到与文献报道相一致的大小为316 bp的条带,最终确定为山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种.     

Globule Leukocytes and bovine Parasitic Bronchitis

Globule leucocytes (GL) occur in the respiratory tract of cattle from foetuses to adult animals. Large numbers of this cell have been found in the lungs of cows both in normal lung and in the lungs of cows from various outbreaks of respiratory diseases, but the significance was not known. In the rat and in cattle, the occurrence of GL in the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts has been associated with parasitic infections. The relationship between the respiratory tract GL and Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in cattle was studied in three groups of parasite free calves experimentally infected with D. viviparus. Group 1 animals received single challenge infections. Group 2 had three subgroups (2a, 2b, 2c) which were either vaccinated and challenged (2a), given a single challenge (2b) or used as vaccinated controls (2c). Group 3 with four subroups (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d) were either used as environmental controls (3a), vaccinated and repeatedly challenged (3b), given normal larvae of D. viviparus and repeatedly challenged (3 c) or as a trickled group 3 d. Although GL were found in infected calves, it was not possible to demonstrate a clear cut correlation between their presence or density and the method of exposure.     

山羊痘病毒属病毒检测技术研究进展

山羊痘病毒属包括山羊痘病毒、绵羊痘病毒和牛结节疹病毒,分别引起山羊痘、绵羊痘和牛结节疹,感染动物发热、局部或全身出现丘疹或结节,损坏皮张,产乳量下降,造成严重经济损失并具有重要的公共卫生意义。文章就近年来国内外对该类病毒在病原学、血清学、分子生物学等方面的检测技术与方法进行综述,以促进对羊痘病毒检测技术的进一步研究和发展。     

Caprine aflatoxicosis: experimental disease and clinical pathologic changes

Groups of 8 male crossbreed domestic goats were given 3 dosage levels of aflatoxin B1 [(AFB1) mg/kg of body weight/day] orally: 0.1 for 34 days; 0.2 for 18 days; or 0.4 for 10 days. Clinical condition, feed consumption, and selected blood values were determined. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed consumption, slight-to-moderate loss of body weight, mucopurulent nasal discharge, dyspnea, coughing, lethargy, icterus, diarrhea (4 goats), and subnormal body temperature 24 to 48 hours before death. Clinicopathologic changes included increases in total RBC count, PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, isocitric dehydrogenase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase. Goats given the 2 smaller dosage levels of AFB1 had slight increases of serum total protein (TP) concentration compared with control goats, but goats given the larger dosage levels of AFB1 initially had a slight decrease in TP. Aflatoxin had little effect on total WBC count. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in goats given the 2 larger dosage levels of AFB1 were similar to those of control goats, but goats given the smallest dosage level of AFB1 had increased serum ALT activities. Aflatoxin did not produce consistent dose-related changes in serum alkaline phosphatase activities. Seemingly, goats are susceptible to aflatoxin. Onset of clinical signs was dose-related. Onset and magnitude of increases in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, serum bilirubin concentration, and activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, and isocitric dehydrogenase were dose-related. Changes in TP and activities of serum ALT and alkaline phosphatase were neither dose-related nor were they potentially useful indicators of toxicosis.     

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis in Switzerland: epidemiologic and clinical studies

The prevalence of infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was assessed using an indirect ELISA. Antiviral antibodies could be detected in 42% of 5974 goat serum specimens included in this study (Switzerland except Ticino and Graubünden 61%). Infected animals were found in all breeds of goats and in all regions of the country, with the lowest prevalence in the Canton Ticino in southern Switzerland. A comparison of clinical and serological data showed that only 20-30% of the infected animals develop carpitis or mastitis. We did not see any cases of encephalitis in young kids, indicating that this manifestation occurs only infrequently. According to the goat owners, each year, approximately 5-10% of the total goat population are eliminated because of arthritis. The decrease in milk production in infected animals is estimated at 10-15%.     

山羊源产单核细胞李斯特菌的分离与鉴定

从贵州省盘县某养羊场病例组织样本中分离出1株疑似产单核细胞李斯特菌(Lm)。通过革兰染色、生化鉴定、PCR扩增hly基因、克隆、测序、序列分析及药敏试验等方法对可疑菌株进行分析鉴定。结果显示,该分离菌的培养特性、菌落形态、菌体形状特征、生理生化特征均与文献报道的产单核细胞李斯特菌相同,并从该分离菌株基因组中扩增到大小约850bp的Lm的特异性DNA片段,其序列与GenBank中其他Lm地方株核苷酸同源性在39.1%~99.7%之间,其中与从发病动物分离到的加拿大、瑞士参考株同源性最高,均达到99.7%,与其他途径分离到的参考菌株同源性都很低,分子水平上进一步证实分离菌株为产单核细胞李斯特菌,且从不同途径分离的地方株hly基因差异大。研究结果为本病临床防控与治疗提供理论依据。     

Experimental Infection of Sheep and Goats with Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus

Sir, — The isolation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) from the carpal joint of a yearling goat with chronic interstitial pneumonia is reported in this issue of the Journal.⁽³⁾ We wish to report on the experimental infection of sheep and goats with this isolate of CAEV. Two 20-month-old Romney lambs (483, 485) and two 2-month-old feral goat kids (43, 45) were inoculated with CAEV suspension (10^4.0 median tissue culture infective doses [TCID₅₀ml]). Each animal was inoculated with 1.0 ml of virus suspension by each of the following routes: intravenous, intracerebral into the right cerebral hemisphere and intra-articularly into the right radio-carpal joint.⁽⁴⁾ An additional control lamb (490) and goat kid (44) were inoculated in identical fashion with cell culture fluid from uninfected goat synovial membrane cells.     

山羊ADD1基因部分序列的克隆与分析

提取湘东黑山羊基因组总DNA，用所设计的3对引物以聚合酶链式反应扩增山羊ADD1（Adipocyte Determination and Differentiation factor-1）基因，并进行克隆测序。序列分析表明所克隆的山羊ADD1基因包含exon 2～8、intron 2～7序列，将序列提交GenBank，获2个登录号：DQ480338、DQ487874；对编码序列（exon 2～8）与牛、人同区域进行Blast对比，同源性分别达到了96．14％和83．82％，所翻译氨基酸序列与牛属同源性更高达97．9％；此外，通过不同引物的测序结果比较，分别在exon6的第42处和intron6的第82处发现了一个碱基突变（C→T）和碱基插入／缺失（G／-），前者属于沉默突变，未引起氨基酸的变化。