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克氏原螯虾病原弗氏柠檬酸杆菌的分离鉴定及其药敏与黏附特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为了明确安徽省当涂县淡水养殖克氏原螯虾暴发性疾病的病原,取濒临死亡的病虾分离病原。从肝胰腺中分离到一株优势细菌(命名为XLX1分离株),人工感染试验证实其具有较强的致病性;采用形态学检查、生理生化特性测定和细菌16S r RNA基因序列分析,确定XLX1分离株为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌。进一步对XLX1分离株进行药物敏感性、携带黏附素基因情况和细胞黏附性进行检测。结果显示:该分离株对头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、阿米卡星、硫酸新霉素、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、替考拉宁和米诺环素敏感或中敏,对其他7种测试药物呈现耐药。该分离株携带黏附素基因cfa和ure基因簇;序列分析发现ure ABC结构基因和ure D关键辅助基因高度保守,在虾源分离株与人源参考株间前者的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别在93.2%~98.3%和91.7%~97.4%,后者的核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别在90.8%~98.3%和94.7%~98.7%;与人源参考株相比,虾源分离株Ure ABC结构蛋白中第294、600和608位氨基酸,以及Ure D蛋白中的第62和122位氨基酸发生了有意突变。XLX1分离株可以聚集方式黏附于EPC细胞周围,平均黏附菌数为29.8±5.3,但随黏附时间延长,EPC细胞出现病变。上述研究结果可为防控弗氏柠檬酸杆菌引起的水产动物疾病提供理论依据。 相似文献
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从濒死的红螯螯虾(Cheraxquadricarinatus)的肝胰脏中分离得到可疑病菌L1和L2,经细菌学鉴定2株细菌均为弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacterfreundii);经人工感染试验证实L1和L2均导致健康虾发病死亡,其LD50分别为2 2×105CFU/ind、7×105CFU/ind;2株细菌对14种药物的敏感性相似,对9种抗生素敏感,对5种抗生素有抗性。从中筛选出有效药物,应用于生产中取得了较好效果。 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾是当今中国人工养殖最广的淡水螯虾品种。近几年来,稻田养虾面积呈暴发式增长,但随着养殖规模的扩大,养殖环境的恶化,各种病害频发。为探明稻田养殖克氏原螯虾死亡的原因,实验取濒死病虾胃和肠组织进行病原菌分离,用生理生化实验、16S rDNA基因序列测定与系统进化分析鉴定优势菌;用回归感染和药敏实验评价优势菌毒力和药物敏感性,通过血清免疫相关酶活性变化探究优势菌的致病机理。结果显示,分离获得1株优势菌PCW-01,回归感染健康克氏原螯虾,出现与自然发病虾相同的病理症状,活力下降,胃部有积液,半致死量达0.60×105 CFU/g,经理化分析和分子鉴定为维氏气单胞菌,对呋喃妥因、妥布霉素、头孢他啶等7种药物敏感。人工感染后的克氏原螯虾,体内血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性极显著上升,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性极显著下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量略有上升。研究表明,优势菌PCW-01为致病菌,可失活抗氧化因子,破坏细胞膜结构,导致疾病发生。本研究结果揭示出了克氏原螯虾细菌性疾病的免疫应... 相似文献
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克氏原螯虾的生物学特性及开发利用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
克氏原螯虾[Procambarus clarlii(Girard)]是淡水螯虾的一个种。占整个螯虾产量的70—80%。在我国北方俗称喇咕,南方称淡水龙虾、螯虾等。1生物学特性1.1形态特征 克氏原螯虾头部大,第1对步足粗壮,呈蟹螯状。体外被坚韧几丁质厚壳,体色血红,头上方有黑色条纹相间,头呈三角形,占全体长的1/2。额剑两侧有触角2对。有5对步足,前3对足末端钳状,后2对足末端爪状。体末端有腹节附肢及尾节共同形成尾扇。 相似文献
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为了净化水产养殖环境,减少克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)由于养殖规模不断扩大而感染副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)导致的大量死亡,寻求安全有效的防治措施,开展了克氏原螯虾副溶血弧菌的分离鉴定及药敏特性试验。2018年5月从湖北省公安县某养殖场采集到一批患病的克氏原螯虾,解剖后发现病虾的肝胰腺肿大发黄,肠道内无食物,有类似肠炎症状,从肝胰腺中分离出的致病菌经TCBS培养,得到光滑蔓延生长的菌落,呈蓝绿色斗笠状,菌落大小不一。显微观察发现细菌形态为棒状或弧状,长短不一,革兰氏染色呈红色,属于革兰氏阴性菌,细菌形态单一;通过分析其16S rDNA序列和生理生化特征,鉴定为副溶血弧菌并命名为Vp-2,其与弧菌属种类同源性最高,并与菌株Vibrio parahaemolyticus DQ068942.1的亲缘关系较近。通过纸片扩散法进行药敏试验,该菌株对氟苯尼考、卡那霉素、复方新诺明等7种抗生素敏感;对利福平、磺胺异恶唑、庆大霉素耐药。生理生化特性测定结果显示,菌株Vp-2的理化特性基本与标准菌株一致。人工回感试验表明,发病克氏原螯虾的症状与自然... 相似文献
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从一中华绒螯蟹和克氏原螯虾混养池的自然发生败血症的个体中分离到2株细菌,对其生物学性状、致病性及药物敏感性进行分析,旨在明确分离菌的种类、病原学意义及耐药特征。从发病蟹和虾的血液中分离细菌并获纯培养,通过对纯培养菌的形态特征、理化特性、16S rRNA基因序列测定及系统发育学分析,鉴定菌种。以不同浓度的分离菌悬液感染健康蟹和虾,测定其致病性;用琼脂扩散法和稀释法测定分离菌株对9种常用抗菌类药物的敏感性。分离出纯培养的2株菌分别鉴定为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)和弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii);2株菌均具有较强致病性,对氟苯尼考、盐酸环丙沙星、乳酸诺氟沙星、盐酸诺氟沙星等4种抗生素敏感。 相似文献
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采用实验室内小规模实验的方法,在水温(26±1)℃的条件下,对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarke)胚胎发育过程中的形态学变化和发育时间进行了系统地研究。实验结果表明,克氏原螯虾的胚胎发育过程可以分为9个主要阶段:受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、前无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、复眼色素期、预备孵化期和孵化期;胚胎发育早期卵径无显著变化,保持在2mm水平,仅在预备孵化期卵径开始显著增大;发育过程中胚胎的颜色逐渐加深,表现为橄榄绿色一灰绿色-灰褐色-棕褐色-红褐色-暗红色的变化趋势;水温26℃的条件下,整个胚胎发育过程需15d左右;刚孵化出的幼体在形态结构上与成体相类似。 相似文献
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第一讲克氏原螯虾生物学习性 克氏原螯虾[Procambarus clarkii(Girard)]是一种淡水虾,英文名red swamp crayfish或red swamp crawfish,俗称小龙虾、淡水龙虾等.在动物分类学上隶属甲壳纲,十足目,螯虾科,原螯虾属.原产于墨西哥北部和美国南部,随着人类和其它因素的影响,在美国逐渐扩散到至少15个州,现在在非洲、亚洲、欧洲以及南美洲已是常见动物了.克氏原螯虾1918年移植到日本的本洲,大约在30年代末期由日本引入我国南京附近,开始在南京市及其郊县繁衍;由于其适应性广,繁殖力强,无论江河、湖泊、池塘及水田均能生活,甚至一些鱼类难以存活的水体也能生活,经过长时间的扩展,种群和数量也有很大的增加. 相似文献
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为了解克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)对饲料感知的最大空间距离,在稻田养殖环境条件下,利用特定设计的试验设施,研究其对配合饲料的感知能力,以期为合理确定养殖水体投饵点数量和空间布局、增加饲料利用率提供科学依据。结果显示,克氏原螯虾对配合饲料感知的最大间隔距离估算为12 m;在食物间隔距离3 m和6 m捕获的雌虾与雄虾数量无显著性差异(χ2>1.19,df=1,P>0.270),表明雌性与雄性对配合饲料的感知能力没有显著差异。食物感知-搜索时间与食物间隔距离呈正相关,在食物间隔距离为3 m、6 m、9 m、12 m时,食物感知-搜索的最短时间分别为(1.8±0.5) min、(5.0±1.1) min、(11.4±1.7) min、(25.2±2.4) min,最长时间分别为(3.4±0.9) h、(7.3±0.6) h、(9.0±0.8) h、(10.0±1.3) h。当食物间隔距离为3 m和12 m时,受到配合饲料刺激后分别有(68.3±1.6)%和(36.3±1.9)%的克氏原螯虾能在3 h内到达食物源。研究表明,克氏原螯虾对配... 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):65-78
Abstract The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of different biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermine and spermidine) and their precursory amino acids (arginine, histidine, lysine and tyrosine), as well as animal extracts (from fish, crustaceans and mollusks) and vegetable extracts (Chara sp., coconut and alfalfa) as baits in traps for red swamp crayfish, P. clarkii. The methodology was conceived as a logical sequence to proceed from rapid screening of a large number of treatments and was divided into three phases: (1) chemo-detection bioassays, (2) chemattraction bioassays, and (3) field bioassays carried out under natural conditions. The attractants that showed the best performance as baits for P. clarkii, were: the fish soluble extract (included at 2.96%), the putrescine (included at 0.30%) and the red crab soluble extract (included at 2.69%). The benefits of using these attractants, when added to common pelleted feed, come from their low cost, availability and enhanced handling properties. 相似文献
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Effects of density on growth and survival of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), reared under laboratory conditions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ricardo Oliveira Ramalho Alexandra Marçal Correia & Pedro Manuel Anastácio 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(6):577-586
The aim of this study was to quantify the importance of population density on the growth and survival of juvenile red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii (Girard), and to understand the effects of density on both the period between moults and the increment per moult at high densities without food limitation. A laboratory experiment was performed to determine growth and survival of juvenile crayfish at five densities (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 crayfish m?2). Density clearly affected crayfish growth. The impact of density on final weight was higher than on total length increase, growth rate and final length (FL) (by decreasing order of effect). When comparing minimum and maximum densities, we observed that FL suffered a 34% reduction. Number of moults, mean intermoult period (IP) and survival were not significantly affected by density. Our results indicated that the IP and the percentage of increment per moult are affected by the size of crayfish before moult and we provide equations for these relations. Our findings are relevant both for crayfish aquaculture management and for the management of wild or harvested rice‐field crayfish populations. 相似文献
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Crayfish show both shelter‐seeking behaviour and agonistic behaviour. Agonistic interactions among crayfish combatants can be triggered and released by the access of shelter, which is a necessary resource for crayfish. The use of shadow as a shelter has not been thoroughly tested in experiments. In this study, we provided the Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard) with different shadow area and shadow partition to test if shadow can act as a solid shelter. Eleven different treatments designed with different shadow area and partition, and 2640 juvenile crayfish were used. The survival rate increased with the increase of shadow area ratio. The shadow area contributed less to the body weight gain and the number of the survivals without injury. The growth variance of the juveniles under shadow conditions was significantly lower than those maintained without providing shadow. Under the recent experimental settings, generally, more partitioned shadow resulted in lower mortality. With 60% shadow area, more partitioned shadow led to higher body weight gain. The more the partition was provided, the fewer were the injury events, and the lower body weight variance observed. Our experiments indicated that both area and partition of the shadow influenced the growth of juvenile Red Swamp Crayfish. 相似文献