2018—2021年辽宁省猪口蹄疫免疫抗体水平监测与分析

研究旨在了解辽宁省猪口蹄疫免疫效果及变化趋势,于2018—2021年在全省14个地级市的168个规模猪场和67个散养户共采集血清样品6 218份,采用液相阻断ELISA方法进行口蹄疫O型和A型抗体检测,并对不同年份、不同地区、不同场点类型的抗体水平进行分析比较。结果显示,2018—2021年,全省口蹄疫O型抗体个体合格率和群体合格率分别为84.96%、84.68%;口蹄疫A型抗体个体合格率和群体合格率分别为73.62%、76.66%。按不同年份分析,2018年口蹄疫A型免疫抗体合格率处于较低水平;按不同场点分析,规模猪场的场群抗体合格率和个体抗体合格率均优于散养农户。研究表明,辽宁省猪散养农户的口蹄疫A型免疫抗体水平较低且不稳定,应持续加强散养农户的口蹄疫A型的免疫和监测,降低口蹄疫的发生风险。     

元江县2018-2021年生猪O型口蹄疫免疫效果评价与分析

为了解元江县生猪O型口蹄疫（FMD O）疫苗免疫状况,并评估免疫效果,2018-2021年在全县10个乡镇的规模场和散养户中,随机采集生猪血清样品,采用ELISA方法进行免疫抗体检测。结果显示：不同年份FMD O免疫抗体合格率平均为64.94%;不同区域FMD O免疫抗体合格率平均为64.01%;不同养殖方式规模场FMD O的免疫抗体合格率（66.23%）与散养户（64.61%）相比,相差1.62个百分点,差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结果表明,近年来元江县生猪FMD O整体免疫效果不是很理想,出现免疫不达标的年份、区域及养殖方式,应引起高度重视,检测结果可为元江县生猪FMD O的潜在风险点控制、疫苗选择及防控提供参考。     

口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活疫苗免疫羊后O型抗体水平的检测

为了探讨口蹄疫O型-亚洲Ⅰ型二价灭活苗免疫接种羊后产生的O型抗体效价,在肃州区银达镇和果园乡规模场、散养户采集羊血清,采用正向间接血凝试验进行O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫抗体水平的检测。结果显示,规模场免疫抗体合格率平均为86.11%,散养户免疫抗体合格率平均为72%,个别散养户抗体只有40%。两个乡镇的规模场均较散养户免疫效果好,而且成年羊抗体明显高于羔羊,说明首免不能产生有效的保护抗体水平,只有二次加强免疫,抗体效价才能达到保护水平。     

某地区牛、羊口蹄疫免疫抗体监测与分析

为确实掌握某地区牛、羊口蹄疫(FMD)春季防疫免疫效果,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对该地区某奶牛场的74头奶牛进行了A、O和亚洲Ⅰ型FMD免疫抗体的检测,对7家规模养殖场和7家散养户的80只山羊进行了O型和亚洲Ⅰ型FMD抗体的检测。结果显示,用O型-A型-亚洲Ⅰ型FMD三价灭活苗免疫奶牛后,可同时产生针对A、O和亚Ⅰ型3种亚型的高水平抗体;用O型-亚洲Ⅰ型FMD二价灭活苗免疫羊后,规模羊场的两种亚型抗体合格率均高于散养羊。所抽检牛、羊抗体合格率均超过农业部规定的70%的标准。结果表明,FMD三价苗免疫效果较好,可以起到一针防三型的作用,值得推广应用。     

2018—2020年山西省长子县O型口蹄疫免疫效果评估

为掌握山西省长子县O型口蹄疫的免疫抗体水平,评估其免疫效果,2018—2020年在全县14个乡镇的规模场和散养户,随机采集2 258个场户的12 186份血清样品,采用阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫免疫抗体,并对检测结果进行时间、群间和空间分布分析。结果显示：2018—2020年全县平均场户免疫合格率为81.18%,个体免疫合格率为85.21%。其中：2020年抗体合格率最低,场户和个体免疫合格率分别为70.27%和79.78%,与其他年份差异显著（P＜0.05）;规模场场户合格率和个体免疫合格率分别为87.25%和89.56%,散养户分别为78.96%和82.39%,规模场显著高于散养户（P＜0.05）;王峪、横水2个乡镇免疫效果较好,个体免疫合格率均在90%以上,而大堡头、碾张、色头3个乡镇免疫效果较差,个体免疫合格率为70%~80%,差异显著（P＜0.05）。结果表明：长子县O型口蹄疫整体免疫效果较好,达到了国家要求的70%以上标准;但抗体水平不稳定,且存在一定的地区和场群差异,散养户和部分乡镇免疫水平偏低,存在发生疫情风险。结果提示,长子县可依据地区和场群不均衡的抗体水平分布特点,制定有针对性的免疫措施,分类指导、梯度推进全县口蹄疫防控与净化工作。     

陕西省榆林市口蹄疫免疫抗体检测

为评估陕西省榆林市O型、AsiaI型和A型口蹄疫的免疫抗体水平,比较单次免疫和加强免疫后的抗体水平和变化趋势,在陕西省榆林市采集55个规模场和120个散养户强制免疫后的猪、牛、羊血清共计2310份,用液相阻断ELISA法检测口蹄疫免疫抗体。结果显示:羊O型、Asia?型,猪O型,牛O型、AsiaI型和A型口蹄疫平均免疫抗体合格率分别为(57.12±4.8)%、(64.66±4.2)%、(66.46±2.02)%、(56±5.98)%、(57.9±1.66)%和(64.29±4.26)%;规模场中,只有羊AsiaI型和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,而散养户的全部口蹄疫抗体合格率均低于70%,差异极显著(P≤0.01);规模场首免1个月后进行加强免疫,发现抗体合格率全部由低于70%升高至80%以上,差异显著(P≤0.01)。结果表明,榆林市的整体口蹄疫免疫效果较差,只有规模场的羊AsiaI型和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率达到70%以上,因此需要对这些免疫不合格畜群进行加强免疫,只有这样方能实现有效的免疫保护。本研究为了解本地区口蹄疫免疫效果,以及免疫程序制定和进一步做好口蹄疫防控工作提供了参考。     

2017—2019年山西省小反刍兽疫血清学和病原学监测

为掌握山西省小反刍兽疫免疫状况及其流行情况,推动实施小反刍兽疫消灭计划,2017—2019年在全省11个地市,采用配额抽样方法,采集种羊场、商品代羊场、羊散养户共4 038份血清学样品和8 397份病原学样品,通过竞争ELISA、荧光定量PCR方法分别进行免疫抗体和病毒核酸检测。结果显示：2017—2019年全省小反刍兽疫免疫抗体个体合格率分别为83.51%、81.62%、84.15%,场群合格率分别为84.91%、81.20%、76.25%,呈下降趋势;病原学个体阳性率分别为0、0.08%、0.15%,群体阳性率分别为0、1.63%、1.25%,呈上升趋势。商品代羊场个体合格率为82.25%,低于种羊场（100%）和羊散养户（84.55%）,且有病原阳性检出（0.09%）。10个地市的场群合格率均在70%以上,但有2个地市刚达标准线,1个地市仅为60.00%,3个地市检出病原学阳性。结果表明,山西省小反刍兽疫整体防控效果较好,但有下滑趋势,且商品代羊场存在一定的病毒感染,部分地区免疫效果不佳,因而存在疫情发生风险。在目前暂不具备退出强制免疫的条件下,仍需加强免疫、监测和调运监管,力争尽快实现消灭小反刍兽疫的目标。     

口蹄疫病毒免疫抗体监测结果分析

本文对威海市文登区2016年春秋采集的种畜场、商品代饲养场、散养户共36个场户的952份血清样品,采用液相阻断ELISA方法进行口蹄疫O型免疫抗体监测,结果表明,874份样品免疫合格,免疫合格率为91.87%,免疫保护率较高。     

2022年贵州惠水县猪瘟和猪口蹄疫免疫抗体监测及分析

为了解惠水县猪瘟(CSF)和猪口蹄疫(FMD)免疫抗体情况,预判其流行趋势和评估其发生风险,试验采用ELISA检测方法,2022年累计检测惠水县养猪场(户)CSF样品2099份,猪O型口蹄疫(FMD-O)样品1797份,结果表明：(1)CSF免疫抗体总体合格率为90.14%,规模猪场合格率为93.11%,散养户为84.60%,规模猪场合格数比率为97.87%,散养户的合格数比率为75.26%;(2)FMD-O免疫抗体总体合格率为91.96%,规模猪场的合格率为96.72%,散养户为81.13%,规模猪场合格数比率为95.83%,散养户的合格数比率为67.50%。结论,惠水县CSF和FMD免疫抗体总体合格,散养户的免疫合格率和合格数比率极显著远低于规模场(P<0.01),发生疫情的风险较高。惠水县动物疫病防控部门应加强散养户CSF和FMD监测预警,有针对性地提高散养户CSF和FMD疫病防控意识和水平。     

乐山市猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体水平检测与分析

为掌握乐山市生猪饲养场猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫效果,2015年,笔者对全市11个区(市)县114个生猪养殖场(户)采用ELISA方法,检测猪瘟免疫抗体1917份、猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体1881份。结果表明,乐山市猪瘟免疫抗体合格率为84.9%,猪O型口蹄疫免疫抗体合格率为81.1%。规模化猪场猪瘟和猪O型口蹄疫抗体合格率普遍高于散养户,试验为乐山防控这2种疫病提供了基础资料。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.