淡水池塘养殖虾蟹蓝绿藻的危害及防治

介绍了近年来淡水池塘养殖虾蟹的主要有害藻类青泥苔、水网藻及微囊藻的生态习性、危害性和用草木灰、生石灰及硫酸铜等的传统防治方法，提出了用有益水生植物、贝类、鱼类以及益生菌的综合生物防治方法。     

浅析昆山市虾蟹池塘养殖水草管理常见问题及处理对策

水草只种不管,不但不能发挥水草在虾蟹池塘养殖生产中的作用,而且大面积腐败的水草会污染水质,严重时造成河蟹死亡.＂蟹大小,看水草＂、＂养好一塘蟹,种好、管好一塘草＂、＂要想蟹病少,赶快种水草＂,这些都证明了水草在虾蟹养殖生产中的重要性.虾蟹养殖好坏跟水草栽培与管理关系极大,根据多年来虾蟹池塘养殖水草管理生产实践,虾蟹养殖前期要种好草,中期要护好草,后期要保好草.现浅析昆山市虾蟹池塘养殖水草管理常见问题及处理对策,供参考.     

水草在鱼虾蟹类健康养殖中的作用

水草在鱼虾蟹类健康养殖中的应用,已得到了广泛推广,本文将水草的作用介绍如下:1为鱼虾蟹提供丰富的饵料鲜嫩的水草具有营养丰富,摄取方便,适口性好、无污染等特点,是河蟹、青虾和草食性鱼类等喜食的天然饵料,如轮叶黑藻、苦草、水花生等。水草的茎叶和根部根须中含有蛋白质、脂肪、维生素等营养物质,还含     

淡水鲳池塘养殖试验报告

淡水鲳学名为短盖巨脂鲤Colossomabrachypomum(Cuvier)原产南美亚马逊河,属热带和亚热带的食用及观赏兼备的大型热带鱼类之一。它是一种食性甚广的杂食性鱼类,不仅摄食多种水陆生植物,各种农副产品及各     

我国淡水虾蟹养殖的现状及发展动向

一、当前淡水虾蟹养殖的基本情况九十年代以来,随着社会主义市场经济的逐步建立,我国水产养殖业以市场为导向,以经济效益为中心,迅速调整养殖结构,名特优水产品养殖发展迅猛。淡水虾蟹养殖作为名特优水产品养殖的重要组成部分,市场需求大,效益好,发展速度更为突出。珠江三角洲及北方不少省的罗氏沼虾养殖,长江流域的河蟹、青虾养殖,加上辽宁等北方省市的辽蟹养殖蓬勃发展,各有特色。１９９８年我国虾蟹产量达到６０万吨,比前一年增加２５．５％,其中河蟹１２万吨,罗氏沼虾６万吨,青虾２０万吨（包括天然、捕捞、增殖和养殖产…     

淡水白鲳池塘养殖试验

淡水白鲳属热带鱼类,具有生长快、食性广、病害少、耐低氧、味鲜美,并具药用价值等特点。２００１年作者进行了淡水白鲳夏花当年养成商品鱼试验,现将试验情况介绍如下:     

水草在虾蟹养殖中的利用

<正>近年来,水草在生态健康养殖中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。尤其在虾蟹及特种水产品养殖中水草扮演着不可或缺的角色,水草生长的好坏直接关系到养殖的成败,虾蟹池栽种水草成为提高虾蟹     

淡水鲳池塘养殖技术初探

<正> 为了解淡水鲳主要养殖生物学特性及其池塘养殖技术,我们在1986年试养的基础上,于1987～1989连续三年进行了池塘养殖技术研究。一、材料与方法试验用鱼池是本所菱湖工作站土池。1987年是4号池,面积396米~2,平均水深1.3米;1988年为1号池,面积333米~2,水深1.2米;1989年为5号池,面积333米~2,水深1.2米。放养前池水排干,用生石灰或漂白粉清塘。 1987年和1988年的试验用鱼种购自外省。1989年是本所上年人工繁殖的越冬鱼种。淡水鲳三年放养情况见表1。鱼种放养后用0.1ppm呋喃唑酮全池泼洒,以防感染。为     

Applied Nutrition in Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Culture

ABSTRACT

The freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, commonly called ‘scampi,’ is the most important culturable freshwater species of prawn with a fairly high growth rate, wide range of temperature (15-35°C) and salinity tolerance. The nutrients required by this species for growth and associated physiological functions are similar to those required by other crustaceans. Current data suggest that a digestible protein level of above 30 is required for maximum growth and protein efficiency. Ingredients such as mussel meat meal, squid meal, and shrimp meal serve as potential sources of protein in formulated diets. The complete quantitative requirements for all the essential amino acids for this prawn species have not yet been worked out. With respect to non-protein energy supply in the form of carbohydrate, studies indicated that scampi is capable of utilizing various carbohydrate sources efficiently. Dietary carbohydrate in the form of complex polysaccharides appears to be more effective as an energy source. Like other crustaceans, scampi also has limited ability to synthesize sterol from acetate and mevalonic acid. Quantitative estimates of the essential fatty acid requirements have been made in post-larval scampi. Data on vitamin and mineral requirements are scarce. Recent developments in diet formulation, practical feeding practices and the aquaculture potential in India have been indicated with emphasis on sustainable production.     

Chemical and Thermal Properties of Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Meat

Chemical compositions and thermal properties of cultured freshwater prawn meat (FPM) were studied. FPM contained 83.2% protein (dry basis), 62.7% of which was myofibrillar protein. Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) and insoluble collagen (ISC) contents were 0.63 and 0.32%, respectively. Both collagens were similar to type V collagen from porcine placenta. Glutamic acid/glutamine, arginine, aspartic acid/?asparagine, and lysine were abundant amino acids in FPM. Glycine, proline, hydroxyproline, and aspartic acid/?asparagine were predominant in both collagens. FPM exhibited thermal transition temperatures (T_max) of 48.3 and 64.7°C, whereas T_max of PSC and ISC were 43.0 and 46.0°C, respectively. Textural changes in FPM during post-mortem storage on ice are plausibly dependent upon its compositional and thermal properties.     

A Comparison of Two Feeding Technologies in Freshwater Prawns,Macrobrachium rosenbergii,Raised at High Biomass Densities in Temperate Ponds

ABSTRACT

Recent developments in prawn production technologies (i.e., added substrate, increased stocking densities, size grading, and increased feed rates) have increased production rates from 900-1,000 kg/ha to over 2,500 kg/ha. While prawn can receive substantial nutritional benefit from natural foods at the lower biomass densities, at higher production rates prawn are likely to be more dependent on prepared diets. To ensure that maximum production is being achieved by these new production technologies, production rates must not be nutritionally constrained. This study was conducted to compare the current recommended technology of phase feeding of different quality feedstuffs to prawns of different sizes with the feeding of a high-quality penaeid diet throughout the production season. Two treatments were evaluated: Treatment 1 was phase feeding (current technology-control) where prawns were fed unpelleted distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) for the first four weeks, then a 28%-protein prawn diet for weeks 5-12, and finally a 40%-protein penaeid diet for weeks 13-16. In Treatment 2, prawn were fed the 40%-protein penaeid diet throughout the entire production period. Feeding rates in both treatments were based upon a feeding table. Three 0.04 ha ponds were used for each treatment. All ponds were stocked at 59,280 juveniles/ha and were provided with artificial substrate in the form of a polyethylene “safety fence” oriented vertically to increase available surface area by 50%. After 106 culture days, no significant differences (P >0.05) were observed between treatments in terms of yield, average individual weight, food conversion ratio (FCR), or survival, which averaged 2,575 kg/ha, 46 g, 2.3, and 94%, respectively, overall. Due to the higher cost of the penaeid diet (US$0.84/kg), feeding costs for the penaeid diet treatment (Treatment 2) were 38% higher than those for Treatment 1. No benefit to using higher protein diets during the first 12 weeks of prawn pond production was observed.     

南美白对虾淡水养殖试验报告

采取人工调兑淡水盐度，定点投喂颗粒饲料，调节水质及病害预防措施，在667m^2淡水池塘中养殖南美白对虾，经107天的饲养管理，共产南美白对虾160．2kg，平均体长达13．5cm/尾，体重20g/尾，成活率达到80．1％，共获利润5732．5元，投入产出比1：2．47。     

The Effect of Biomass Density,Temperature, and Substrate on Transport Survival of Market-Size Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract

After harvest, adult prawn are often transported for sales to live markets, such as ethnic Asian outlets, in major urban centers. Poor survival during transportation has hindered development and expansion of these markets. Methodologies to increase survival during transport could contribute to industry viability. Three independent trials were conducted. In the first trial, three biomass densities (25, 50 and 100 g/L) were evaluated in 100-L, open plastic containers aerated with pure oxygen and compressed air. Water quality analyses were performed prior to stocking. After 24 hours in the model transport containers, water quality analysis was conducted and all prawn were removed, determined to be alive or dead, and each group weighed and counted. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for prawn survival (overall mean 98%) among the three densities. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen and nitrite were not effected by hauling density (P < 0.05). Total ammonia-nitrogen and un-ionized ammonia-nitrogen concentrations increased (P < 0.05) as biomass densities increased, though values remained within what are considered tolerable ranges. In the second trial, the effect of added substrate and temperature on transport survival was evaluated with prawns stocked at the high density (100 g/L). Two water temperatures (21°C and 26°C) with and without substrate were evaluated in a 2 × 2 factorial with three replicate, 100-L model transport containers per treatment combination (12 containers total). Factorial analysis indicated no significant statistical interaction (P > 0.05) between the presence of substrate and water temperature on any measured variable. The main effects of substrate and temperature were then analyzed separately. The presence or absence of substrate had no significant impact (P > 0.05) on prawn survival. However, temperature had a highly significantly impact (P < 0.01) on survival; prawn survival at 21°C averaged 97% compared to 24% at 26°C. The third trial was a commercial verification trial in which 500 kg of live prawn were transported to New York from Kentucky. These data indicate prawn can be successfully transported at 100 g/L for 24 hours when temperatures are maintained near 21°C. Adding substrate to the transport tank appears to provide no benefit.     

Effect of Shelters,Densities, and Weight Groups on Survival,Growth and Limb Loss in the Freshwater Prawn,Macrobrachium nobilii (Henderson and Matthai, 1910)

Abstract

Three weight groups of juvenile prawn, M. nobilii, were raised at three stocking densities (22,38, and 77 prawns/m²) under three substrate conditions (sand, pebbles, and pebbles with shelter in the form of PVC pipe). Stocking density had a significant (P < 0.001) influence on the survival and growth of the prawn. A higher incidence of limb autotomy was recorded at the higher stocking density. Provision of pebbles and PVC pipe increased the survival, and mean growth rates, and reduced the percentage of limb loss.     

４种微生态制剂对虾池水质及青虾生长性能的影响

在测定养殖水体pH值、溶解氧、氨态氮、亚硝态氮等水质指标和养殖青虾肥满度、平均规格、饲料系数等生长性能指标的基础上,比较研究了全池泼洒复合芽孢杆菌、EM菌、类球红细菌、超浓缩光合细菌微生态制剂对养殖水质的改善情况及提高杂交青虾"太湖1号"生长性能的效果。结果表明,4种微生态制剂均可改善水质;其中,芽孢杆菌与EM菌具有较强的降亚硝态氮功能,类球红细菌和EM菌具有较强的降氨态氮作用。4种试验菌剂的调水效果排序为:类球红细菌>EM菌>复合芽孢杆菌>超浓缩光合细菌。4种菌剂不同程度提高了青虾的生长性能;其中,类球红细菌效果最为显著,其次为EM菌、复合芽孢杆菌,而光合细菌的效果不显著。     

Nutritional and Sensory Quality of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and the Influence of Packaging Permeability on its Shelf Life

The Malaysian freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii was used for nutritional, bacteriological and sensory evaluations. Prawns were refrigerated (0 ± 1°C) and divided into two groups named T1 and T2 corresponding to permeable and impermeable (O₂/CO₂) packaging, respectively, in order to evaluate their shelf life. The percent composition ensured its high nutritional value, and consumer testing showed that acceptability was close to ideal, with good purchase intent. The type of treatment did not significantly influence the parameters assessed, and the shelf life was established as 150 h. The mesophilic bacteria count was the determining factor for quality assessment. Total volatile basic nitrogen and pH were not good parameters for evaluating quality, whereas the biogenic amines, especially agmatine, appeared to be appropriate quality parameters.     

中华绒螯蟹种苗静水土池塘培育技术研究Ⅲ——室内育苗和土池育苗经济效益和生态效益的比较

用１０００ｍ３水体的室内育苗池和６口海水土池塘（计１９ｈｍ２）培育中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）苗,比较两种河蟹人工繁殖技术的生态效益和经济效益。经３５天培育表明,土池培育１ｋｇ大眼幼体可获利２０６３元,比室内育苗获利（３９３元）高４２倍;产出投入比（２０７）比室内育苗（１３３）高４５７７％。若采用土池育河蟹苗,每年至少可以少排放各种化学药物４２０ｔ。     

Nitrogen,Phosphorus, and Carbon Budgets in Polyculture Ponds of Indian Major Carps and Giant Freshwater Prawn in Orissa State,India

A nutrient budget was quantified for six polyculture ponds of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mrigala). The initial stocking size of prawn postlarva was 16.50 ± 0.54 mm with a body weight of 0.05 ± 0.001 g. Body weight of major carps was 9.0 ± 0.89 g. The duration of culture was 280 days. Feed accounted for 82% of total nitrogen (N), 93% of total phosphorus (P), and 95% of organic carbon (OC) inputs. Harvest of prawn and carps recovered 44% N, 1% P, and 19% OC. N, P, and OC accumulated in sediment were 47%, 73%, and 69%, respectively. Nutrient load in the harvest water was 0.67 ± 0.21 kg inorganic N, 0.15 ± 0.01 kg P, and 7.72 ± 0.62 kg OC per ton of Indian major carps and prawn.