丰一、薪杭等蚕品种复壮后其杂交种比较试验

对夏秋蚕品种薪杭,白云,丰一,五四等进行充血复壮改良后,其复壮系的杂交一代与现行生产系杂交一代生产性能比较试验结果表明：复壮后的2对杂交种与原来的杂交种比较,在龄期发育经过、虫蛹率等性状基本持平,产量和茧丝质方面的各项性状基本相近或有所提高。     

浙江省夏秋用蚕品种比较试验及评价

１９９６年秋期在临安蚕种总场进行夏秋用蚕品种比较试验。供试蚕种是芳山、星明，薪杭、白云，丰１、５４Ａ及其一代杂种。对比结果：夏秋用一代杂种均属全质强健的中丝量品种。芳山×星明体质强健，然产茧量及丝质欠优；薪杭×白云体质强健，产茧量及丝质均较优；丰１×５４Ａ体质强健，产茧量最高，且丝质更优。     

家蚕品种“薪杭·白云”复壮改良初报

优良蚕品种的推广应用是传统蚕桑业持续发展首要的物质基础,但蚕品种在推广应用一段时间以后出现一些性状的变化往往会降低蚕农们的经济效益,也会阻碍蚕业的正常发展,因此退化蚕品种的补救措施即蚕品种的复壮改良研究是恢复和提高现行品种的信誉度,提升蚕业综合经济效益的重要举措。目前江西省现行推广应用的夏秋蚕薪杭·白云出现了一些性状退化如蚕种质量下降、生种偏多、产茧量偏低等,影响了该品种的推广力度。现针对江西现行夏秋用品种存在的性状退化问题,采用充血复壮技术进行改良,通过为期五年（2009～2013）的努力达到了预期的目标,具有一定的推广应用价值。现将相关研究内容报告如下。     

丰1×54A品种催青技术探讨

对于绝大多数的蚕品种而言,催青有效积温主要因期别不同而有所高低,且品种之间差异较小,所以催青有效积温基本上是一个常数,不同蚕品种之间可以互为参照,在催青实际操作中比较容易控制。但丰1×54A正反交却例外,正交与反交之间的催青有效积温、转青经过时间和一日孵化率相差较大,中秋期尤为明显,处理不当会给蚕种催青、收蚁、小蚕饲养和蚕种质量带来负面影响。为此,我们整理分析了本市1998～2002年丰1×54A(正反交)品种所有批次的催青资料,并以薪杭×白云(正反交)为对照,总结出丰1×54A(正反交)品种在不同期别催青阶段的发育特点,并针对其…     

家蚕春用品种菁松·皓月的复壮系比较试验

对春用蚕品种菁松、皓月的复壮系与现行生产上应用的生产系进行了生产性能的比较试验。结果表明,与各品系对应的生产系相比,复壮系的龄期经过稍有缩短,生命率略高,全茧量、茧层量、种茧选留率、良卵量与良卵率均有较大提高,达到显著水平以上,说明复壮后的菁松、皓月从孵化到制种各阶段的生产性能优于现行生产应用的生产系,有推广应用价值。     

贵州省春季饲养薪杭×白云初探

为了解家蚕品种薪杭×白云在贵州省春季的性状表现,以贵蚕1号为对照,于2012年春季进行了实验室饲养试验,结果表明：薪杭×白云对贵州春季气候的适应性较强;5龄经过和全龄经过比对照品种贵蚕1号分别短1d1h和2d1h,幼虫饲育期比对照品种减少用工量7.77％,节约桑叶16.62％,且幼虫发育整齐,4龄蚕结茧率高,4龄蚕健蛹率优于对照品种;薪杭×白云的叶丝转化率高,50 kg桑产茧量、50kg桑产值均比对照品种提高5.02％.为全面了解该品种在贵州省的适应性,建议扩大农村饲养规模,为推广使用该品种提供依据.     

雄蚕品种秋华×平30秋期饲养成绩

为进一步摸索雄蚕品种秋华×平30在中秋期的饲养性状,海盐县蚕业生产技术指导站于2004年中秋蚕在沈荡镇进行了秋华×平30与白云×薪杭的饲养对比试验,秋华×平30经受了中秋后期持续高温干旱恶劣气候环境的考验,仍然取得了较好成绩,蚕茧产量、产值均超过了现行品种白云×薪杭.     

两对新型单交蚕品种的繁育初报

蚕蛹雌雄鉴别技术人员缺乏、工作量大是目前蚕种生产面临的主要问题之一。利用性别控制技术,实现原种一方专养雌蚕,另一方专养雄蚕的新型单交蚕种生产模式,可免去杂交种生产中的雌雄鉴别环节,提高蚕种生产效率和杂交彻底率。经试繁,两对新型单交蚕品种"雌29×卵36"、"雌35×平28"繁育性能优良,其中"雌29×卵36"kg茧制种量较对照种"薪杭×白云"提高23.0%,"雌35×平28"kg茧产值较对照种"秋丰×白玉"提高15.68%。     

转Bt基因水稻花粉对家蚕不同品种幼虫的生存分析

家蚕不同品种幼虫经Bt水稻花粉(1.19±0.10μg杀虫蛋白/g饲料)喂食48h后,存活曲线呈现明显的差异性变化,其中除夏秋蚕杂交种——丰一×54A的存活曲线与非Bt水稻花粉处理的无显著差异外,其余家蚕品种的幼虫存活曲线均与非Bt水稻花粉处理的有极显著差异。丰一×54A幼虫经Bt水稻花粉处理后的存活率极显著高于其亲本和春蚕杂交种——菁松×皓月及其亲本,即丰一×54A对Bt水稻花粉的抗/耐性相对较强。家蚕不同品种幼虫经相同剂量非Bt水稻花粉喂食后表明,非Bt水稻花粉对家蚕幼虫的存活无显著不利影响。     

现行蚕品种抗氟性能比较试验

通过氟污染叶和氟化钠添食养蚕试验,研究了氟化物对家蚕结茧量、幼虫生命率的影响。结果表明,现行蚕品种间抗氟性能存在显著差异,丰一×54A、75新×7732抗氟力较强,桑叶含氟量达90ppm左右时,影响不大,饲养丰一×54A可比饲养苏5×苏6减少损失86％。     

桑蚕新品种夏6夏7与薪杭白云繁育比较试验

作了桑蚕新品种夏 6夏 7与薪杭白云原种的繁育制种比较试验 ,并讨论了其中的技术问题     

Genetic correlations of pig performance and sow productivity traits

Records for a total of 732 daughter-dam pairs were analyzed to estimate the genetic correlations of pig performance traits with sow productivity traits, with implications to the development of specialized sire and dam lines for use in crossing. Major pig performance traits analyzed included average daily gain from 56 d of age to a final weight of 90.7 kg (ADG), average backfat thickness at 90.7 kg (BF) and a performance index (PI) consisting of ADG and BF. Major sow productivity traits included number of pigs born alive in a litter (NA), litter size (N21) and litter weight (W21) at 21 d of age and two sow productivity indexes, one with NA, N21 and W21 (SPI-3) and one with NA and W21 (SPI-2). All records were expressed as deviations from breed-line-year-season means of this population. Genetic correlations were computed from daughter-dam covariances. The mean genetic correlation of PI with SPI consisted of two correlations, that of daughters' PI with dams' SPI and that of dams' PI with daughters' SPI. The mean genetic correlation of PI with SPI-3 and SPI-2 was .07 +/- .12, suggesting that concurrent improvement in both PI and SPI would not be restricted by selection within a single composite line. The genetic correlation of daughters' PI with dams' SPI (-.18 +/- .13) was appraised as more critical than the reciprocal correlation of dams' PI with daughters' SPI (+.28 +/- .13). This appraisal is based on the fact that only one generation separates a daughter's PI from her dam's SPI, as compared with two generations in the reciprocal covariance. However, the -.18 correlation was not significantly different from zero, indicating that formation of specialized sire and dam lines for use in crossing would be only marginally more effective at best for improving the overall efficiency in pork production than use of a single composite line, aside from the heterosis effects from crossing the lines. Indexes were proposed for combining PI and SPI for use either in specialized sire and dam lines or in a single composite line.     

马铃薯杂种F1无性株系产量品质等主要农艺性状研究

为了明确‘J07-2’ב陇薯7号’、‘J07-6’ב陇薯7号’马铃薯杂交组合F₁中选出的无性二代株系2-1、株系3-1、株系4-4和株系19-3的产量、品质等农艺特性,对其生育期、株高、薯块特征、单株结薯数、单株产量、平均薯重、商品薯率、块茎干物质含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量等主要农艺性状进行了测定分析。4个杂种无性株系均为中晚熟类型,生育期127～130 d,生长势强,平均株高100 cm左右。株系2-1和株系19-3的产量和品质性状表现更为突出,其单株平均薯重、商品薯率和单株产量高,芽眼浅,薯形好,淀粉含量分别为19.22%和21.22%,还原糖含量分别为0.022%和0.045%,是选育淀粉、炸食加工及鲜食品种的优异材料。杂种无性株系单株产量与生育期、株高、单株结薯数、商品薯率均呈显著正相关,平均薯重与商品薯率呈显著正相关,单株结薯数与平均薯重呈显著负相关;淀粉含量与干物质含量呈显著正相关,与平均薯重和商品薯率呈极显著正相关。     

Quantitative trait locus detection in commercial broiler lines using candidate regions

A QTL that explained a large proportion of the phenotypic difference between broiler and layer chickens in an experimental cross was evaluated in a commercial broiler line. A three-generation design, consisting of 15 grandsires, 608 half-sib hens, and more than 50,000 third-generation offspring, was implemented within the existing breeding scheme of a broiler breeding company. Four markers from a candidate region on chicken chromosome 4 were selected for their informativeness in the grandsires and used to genotype the first two generations. Using half-sib analyses, linkage was studied between these markers and 13 growth and carcass traits. The QTL analyses confirmed the presence of significant QTL for body weight (P < 0.01) and residual feed intake (P < 0.05) on chicken chromosome 4. Furthermore, evidence was found for QTL affecting the relative weight of bone and muscle in the thigh. Four more markers were added to increase resolution of the QTL positions. This increased the significance of the QTL for body weight (P < 0.001) and residual feed intake (P < 0.01) and showed evidence (P < 0.05) for additional QTL affecting carcass weight and conformation score. This study showed for the first time that a QTL that explains differences between broilers and layers was segregating in lines that have been selected for body weight over 50 generations. A possible explanation could be a pleiotropic or closely linked effect on fitness-related traits that are not part of the present study. The results demonstrate the feasibility of QTL detection and the potential for marker-assisted selection within a commercial broiler line without altering the existing breeding scheme.     

京星黄鸡103与北京油鸡屠体性能及肉品质比较

京星黄鸡103肉鸡配套系是目前唯一含有北京油鸡血缘的黄羽肉鸡培育品种（配套系）。本研究选取京星黄鸡103肉鸡商品代和纯种北京油鸡各120只（公母各半）,比较培育品种和纯种在屠体性能、肉品质和肌肉主要营养成分上的差异。试验鸡同批次孵化出雏,饲养管理条件和饲料营养水平均一致。分别于90和120日龄选取接近各组平均体重的鸡各20只屠宰,检测相关指标。结果表明,京星黄鸡103的生长速度显著快于北京油鸡纯种（P<0.05）,其中90日龄平均体重达1.48 kg,120日龄达1.88 kg,分别比纯种的高24.4%和24.5%;90日龄胸肌重和腿肌重比北京油鸡纯种分别提高24.5%和19.2%,120日龄的分别提高了30.7%和28.9%,但两品种间无显著差异（P>0.05）;90日龄京星黄鸡103胸肌肌内脂肪和粗蛋白质含量显著高于北京油鸡（P<0.05）;胸肌脂肪酸中以硬脂酸和棕榈酸等饱和脂肪酸和花生四烯酸、亚油酸和油酸等不饱和脂肪酸为主,品种之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上,京星黄鸡103商品代肉鸡与北京油鸡纯种相比生长速度较快,90日龄达中速型黄羽肉鸡标准,胴体载肉量提升,且基本保持了北京油鸡纯种的肌内脂肪含量高等优良肉品质特性。     

Comparison of Carcass Performance and Meat Quality of Jingxing-Yellow 103 and Beijing-You Chickens

Jingxing-Yellow 103 is the unique commercial breed (synthetic line) that contains Beijing-You consanguinity by far.In this study,carcass performance,meat qualities and main nutrient content of breast muscle were compared between the synthetic line and pure line.A total of 120 Jingxing-Yellow 103 and 120 Beijing-You pure lines (half male and half female) were incubated and hatched contemporarily,and housed under the same management with the same feed.Each 20 birds with average body weight of the synthetic line and pure line were selected and slaughtered at 90 and 120 days of age,respectively,for the measurement of related traits.As the results showed,Jingxing-Yellow 103 grew faster than Beijing-You pure line.The average body weight of Jingxing-Yellow 103 was 1.48 and 1.88 kg at 90 and 120 days of age,respectively,which was 24.4% and 24.5% higher than those of pure line (P<0.05).The breast muscle and thigh muscle mass was 24.5% and 19.2% increased than the pure line at 90 days of age,and 30.7% and 28.9% at 120 days of age.The breast muscle and thigh muscle yield did not shown significant difference between breeds (P>0.05).The intramuscular fat content and crude protein content of breast muscle in Jingxing-Yellow 103 were higher than those of Beijing-You pure line (P<0.05).The main fatty acid in the breast muscle included saturated fatty acid like stearic acid and palmitic acid,and unsaturated fatty acid like arachidonic acid,linoleic acid and oleic acid.The fatty acid composition was not different between breeds (P>0.05).In all,Jingxing-Yellow 103 showed faster growth and reached the market weight of typical medium type of Yellow-feathered broilers by 90 days,and they had higher muscle mass and basically retained favourable meat quality like high intramuscular fat content as compared to Beijing-You pure line.     

不同品系獭兔性状比较及相关研究

利用SPSS统计分析软件对来自北京绿野芳洲种兔场不同品系的473只獭兔的育种记录资料进行了统计分析。结果表明，德系獭兔的毛长、头长、头宽、体长、胸围、耳长、耳宽、脚毛密度和体重性状表现最优，法系獭兔的背毛密度和臀毛密度两个重要性状表现最好，美系獭兔仅有脚毛密度性状大于法系和德系，其余10个性状表现最差，性状相关分析结果表明，体重与各项体尺以及毛长间的相关达极显著水平，而毛密度性状与其他性状间负相关较多，而且相关系数也未达显著水平。     

Selection with restriction in a poultry breeding scheme with different selection procedures in both sexes: direct responses

1. A selection experiment with two lines of White Leghorns originating from a common base population was carried out over 5 generations with the aims of maintaining an unchanged egg weight, reducing age at first egg and reducing adult body weight. Each line consisted of 14 male and 42 female breeders. 2. Males were mass selected for low body weight at 20 weeks of age. To compensate for the expected correlated loss in egg weight, hens were selected according to an index which counteracted this undesirable change while also reducing age at first egg and reducing body weight. 3. An index value was calculated for each individual hen from average egg weight, age at first egg and body weight at 20 weeks. Index weights had to be calculated for each generation and line in accordance with the expected change in egg weight due to male selection on body weight. 4. For control matings hens with an index near the population average were mated either to males with body weight near the population average (control C1) or to the selected males within lines (control C2). 5. Expected and observed total responses agreed well for all traits in line 1 and for body weight in line 2. 6. Phenotypic variances and covariances showed little change during the experiment. However, genetic variances and covariances estimated at the end of the experiment showed some differences, both between lines and compared to the parameters used for index construction.