不同水平发酵豆粕对肉鸡生产性能及血清生化指标的影响

<正>有研究表明,鱼粉在鸡日粮中配比过高会引起胃肠组织糜烂,严重时导致死亡。所以,植物蛋白在鸡日粮中有重要的作用。豆粕因含有较多的抗营养因子,直接饲喂动物(尤其是幼龄动物)会导致腹泻,生长缓慢、停滞甚至死亡。发酵豆粕是利用现代生物工程发酵技术,以优质豆粕为主要原料,将大豆蛋白降解为小分子蛋白、小肽、游离氨基酸和UGF(未知生长因子)等物质,同时能将抗营养因子消除,有利于幼龄动物消化吸收。试验通过研究不同水平发酵豆粕对肉鸡饲料生产性能及血清生化指标的影响,确定发酵豆粕在肉鸡中的适宜添加     

不同水平发酵豆粕对肉鸡生产性能能血清生化指标的影响

有研究表明，鱼粉在鸡日粮中配比过高会引起胃肠组织糜烂，严重时导致死亡。所以，植物蛋白在鸡日粮中有重要的作用。豆粕因含有较多的抗营养因子，直接饲喂动物（尤其是幼龄动物）会导致腹泻．生长缓慢、停滞甚至死亡。发酵豆粕是利用现代生物工程发酵技术，以优质豆粕为主要原料，将大豆蛋白降解为小分子蛋白、小肽、游离氨基酸和UGF（未知生长因子）等物质，同时能将抗营养因子消除，有利于幼龄动物消化吸收。     

发酵豆粕质量评价的综合分析

豆粕的营养价值较高，具有较高的蛋白质含量及均衡的氨基酸，但豆粕中的抗营养因子会导致畜禽机体不能充分吸收豆粕中的营养物质。发酵可降解豆粕中的抗营养因子，提高物质消化率及营养价值，提升豆粕中的有机酸含量。文章综述发酵豆粕的质量检测体系、质量评估及其在动物生产中的应用，指出不能以单一指标评估发酵豆粕的品质，应将相关指标进行关联性分析，综合评价发酵豆粕的质量，以减少不良发酵豆粕造成的损失，为选择合适的发酵豆粕应用于畜禽饲料生产中提供参考。     

发酵豆粕的生产及其在动物养殖中的应用研究

豆粕是我国最主要的饲料蛋白质来源,但豆粕中众多抗营养因子严重阻碍了动物(尤其是幼畜、水产等)对营养物质的消化吸收和利用。发酵豆粕是利用微生物或酶对豆粕原料进行发酵处理,可有效降解抗营养因子,提高饲用价值,同时大量益生菌的存在也能有效改善动物健康,提高生产效益。本文从豆粕抗营养因子组成、发酵菌种和酶、发酵工艺、质量评价体系以及应用效果的角度,对发酵豆粕进行综述,以期为发酵豆粕的研发及应用提供参考。     

发酵豆粕在水产动物养殖中的应用进展

豆粕是水产饲料重要的原料之一,其资源丰富,营养均衡,但豆粕中抗营养因子会在一定程度上影响水产动物的消化酶活性以及肠道健康,不仅会影响水产动物的健康生长,也限制了其添加的比例。微生物发酵具有能够降解大分子物质、提高适口性、易消化吸收等优点,将发酵工艺应用于原料豆粕中实现发酵豆粕替代是当前的热点研究方向。文章结合现有研究,从发酵豆粕工艺、常用发酵菌种以及发酵豆粕替代研究现状进行了综述,旨在为水产饲料中发酵豆粕的应用提供一定参考。     

发酵豆粕在动物生产中的应用研究

发酵豆粕营养丰富且富含多种生物活性因子,是优质的蛋白质来源。近几年,发酵豆粕在动物生产上的使用比较普遍,提高动物生长性能显著。本文就近年来发酵豆粕在动物生产上的应用作一综述。     

发酵豆粕在畜禽饲料中的应用研究进展

发酵豆粕是一种将豆粕通过有益微生物的发酵处理转化后形成的新型高蛋白饲料原料。而作为畜禽喜食及易消化、吸收的饲料原料之一,发酵豆粕受到饲料生产及养殖产业的广泛关注。本文综述了发酵豆粕在猪、反刍、家禽、水产及其它动物饲料中的应用,以期为发酵豆粕在畜禽饲料中的应用及推广提供理论依据。     

发酵豆粕在仔猪日粮中的合理应用

正研究发现,利用微生物发酵处理的豆粕营养价值很高,动物吸收率好,减少粪便排放中的营养损失。本文主要介绍发酵豆粕的营养价值及在仔猪日粮中的合理应用。发酵豆粕是利用微生物对豆粕进行发酵处理,经过脱脂加热、生物技术处理、低温干燥及粉碎等工艺制成。发酵豆粕中的抗营养因子含量大大降低,而且豆粕发酵后会分解为多肽、小肽、寡肽及氨基酸等易     

发酵豆粕在动物生产中的应用

发酵豆粕营养丰富且富含多种生物活性因子,是优质的蛋白质来源。近几年,发酵豆粕在动物生产上的使用比较普遍,技术也比较成熟。本文就近年来发酵豆粕在动物生产上的应用作一综述。     

发酵豆粕的优点及在动物生产中的应用

发酵豆粕是一种多功能优质蛋白质原料,富含多种生物活性因子,其所含抗营养因子明显低于常规豆粕,因而成为近几年饲料行业的研究热点。本文就发酵豆粕优点、制作加工工艺以及在畜牧业生产中的应用做一综述,以期为发酵豆粕在饲料生产和动物养殖实践中应用提供参考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …