日粮纤维对母猪繁殖性能的影响

本文主要介绍了日粮纤维对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其影响因素。     

不同来源的纤维与脂肪对母猪繁殖性能和生产性能的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究不同来源的纤维与脂肪对母猪繁殖性能和生产性能的影响。试验采用两因素交叉设计,选用120头平均3~4胎的母猪作为试验动物,分为A、B、C、D 4组,每组30头,每头母猪为1个重复,分别饲喂添加麸皮+豆皮、麸皮+甜菜粕、麸皮+苜蓿颗粒、甜菜粕+苜蓿颗粒组合的妊娠前期饲粮,探讨不同纤维源对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响;妊娠第107天后将妊娠前期每组的母猪分别分为L1、L2、L3 3组,每组10头母猪,分别饲喂添加2.5%的四级豆油、深海鱼油及复合脂肪粉的饲粮,作为妊娠后期和哺乳期饲粮,探索不同脂肪源对哺乳母猪生产性能和仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:1)不同纤维源妊娠前期饲粮对窝产总仔数、窝产活仔数、窝产健仔数、初生窝重和初生均重均无显著影响(P>0.05);除初生均重外,在数值上各指标均以8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合效果最佳,其次是8%麸皮+9%苜蓿草颗粒组合。2)不同纤维源妊娠前期饲粮对母猪初乳乳脂率、乳蛋白及乳糖含量和体细胞数的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合在乳脂率、乳蛋白含量上要优于其他组合;体细胞数在8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕组合上数值最低,说明母猪乳房健康状态较好。3)妊娠后期饲粮与哺乳期饲粮中分别添加2.5%的四级豆油、深海鱼油及复合脂肪粉对各组间哺乳母猪背膘损失和仔猪断奶均重均产生显著影响(P<0.05)。4)母猪妊娠前期饲粮与妊娠后期、哺乳期饲粮对母猪断奶后的发情间隔存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验中母猪妊娠期饲粮添加8%麸皮+9%甜菜粕为最佳组合;妊娠后期饲粮与哺乳期饲粮中添加2.5%深海鱼油有利于提高仔猪的断奶均重,而添加2.5%复合脂肪粉相对具有较低的母猪背膘损失;母猪妊娠前期饲粮与妊娠后期、哺乳期饲粮共同影响着母猪断奶后的发情间隔,从而影响到母猪的繁殖周期。     

不溶性膳食纤维对母猪生产性能、繁殖性能、大肠微生物菌群和仔猪生长的影响

文章旨在研究在妊娠和泌乳母猪日粮中添加不溶性膳食纤维（ISF）对母猪生产性能、繁殖性能、大肠微生物菌群及仔猪生长性能的影响,以期为ISF在猪生产中应用提供理论依据。试验将64头长大二元杂交母猪随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复4头母猪。第Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第Ⅱ组饲喂添加1%ISF的基础日粮;第Ⅲ组饲喂添加3%ISF的基础日粮;第Ⅳ组饲喂添加5%ISF的基础日粮。试验期为配种至断奶结束。试验期间分别称量和测量母猪初始、妊娠107 d、分娩后和断奶后的体重和背膘厚,用于分析母猪体重和背膘厚的变化;记录母猪产子数、产活仔数、死胎数、畸形数、初生重、产程和断奶至发情的间隔时间,用于分析母猪繁殖性能;分别记录仔猪初生重、断奶重、初生窝重和断奶窝重,用于计算平均日增重和平均窝增重;分别于每天7:00和14:00观察母猪排便情况,根据粪便评分标准进行评分和记录;于母猪产后3 d采集粪便,用于分析大肠微生物。结果表明,与对照组相比,日粮添加3%和5%ISF均可显著降低母猪泌乳期失重和泌乳期背膘损失,提高初生窝均重,缩短产程和断奶至发情间隔（P <0.05）,显著降低母猪产前7 d粪便...     

妊娠期不同来源膳食纤维对母猪繁殖性能的影响

采用单因子试验设计,试验选取6胎～8胎长大母猪60头,随机分为3个处理组：对照组（麦麸组,WB）、赛麸源Ⅰ型组（SF-Ⅰ）、赛麸源Ⅱ型组（SF-Ⅱ）,每个处理20个重复,每个重复1头母猪。试验从母猪配种开始至哺乳第23 d断乳结束,哺乳期对照组和试验组饲粮配方一致。测量母猪妊娠第1 d、妊娠第110 d、分娩后第21 d背膘数据,计算妊娠后期背膘增加、哺乳期背膘损失;母猪分娩当天记录总产仔数、活产仔数、死胎数、木乃伊数、仔猪个体重、胎盘重、分娩持续时间,计算死胎发生率、木乃伊发生率;称测调圈后每窝仔猪起始体重和断乳体重,计算全期日增重,评估哺乳性能;记录每头母猪整个哺乳期给料量、剩余量和浪费量,计算整个哺乳期的平均采食量;称测分娩第1 d和断乳时仔猪空腹重,以测定仔猪生长性能。结果发现：与对照组相比,赛麸源Ⅱ型添加组显著提高总产仔均重和母猪哺乳期平均采食量（P<0.05）,也有增加活产仔窝重（P=0.06）与活产仔均重（P=0.07）的趋势。不同来源膳食纤维对总产仔数、活产仔数、健仔数、死胎数、死胎发生率、木乃伊数、产程、总产仔窝重及哺乳性能均无显著影响。结果表明：妊娠母猪饲粮中...     

微量元素对母猪繁殖性能的影响

微量元素对于动物具有重要的营养及生理作用。母猪微量元素的营养研究越来越受到重视。繁殖母猪由于其特殊的生理特点，需要充足的微量元素供应。高产母猪由于付出较重，微量元素若缺乏可能是导致其生产性能下降的一个重要原因。本文对各种微量元素对母猪繁殖的影响的一些研究做了综述。１生产母猪体内微量元素含量的变化对于生产母猪来讲，在生产年限内都要保持较高的生产水平，因此满足其各种营养素的需要至关重要。在母猪的生产周期的不同阶段，对于微量元素的需求变化很大。这些微量元素除了满足自身的组织生长和维持需要之外，还要满足…     

高纤维日粮对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

1前言繁殖母猪在妊娠期要执行严格的限制饲喂以防止出现体重过大,而过大体重会带来母猪的产仔和移动问题,对仔猪的生存构成威胁。哺乳母猪经常采     

饲粮中添加苹果渣对妊娠母猪粪便及繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加苹果渣对妊娠母猪粪便和繁殖性能的影响。选用胎次、体况相近,健康状况良好的妊娠母猪(长白×大约克)80头,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组40个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组和试验组母猪在妊娠第1~89天分别饲喂妊娠母猪饲粮A(不含苹果渣)和妊娠母猪饲粮B(含10%苹果渣),在妊娠第90天至分娩当天分别饲喂哺乳母猪饲粮A(不含苹果渣)和哺乳母猪饲粮B(含5%苹果渣)。试验自妊娠开始,试验期为1个妊娠周期。结果表明：1)饲粮中添加苹果渣后,母猪排便通畅,粪量增加,粪色深黑,粪形呈筒状,可堆积成形,这说明苹果渣的添加缓解了妊娠母猪便秘的发生;2)饲粮中添加苹果渣对产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、初生个体均重的影响不显著( P>0.05),但极显著降低了母猪的便秘发生率( P<0.01),试验组比对照组降低35%。由此可见,饲粮中添加苹果渣可极显著降低妊娠母猪的便秘发生率,但对其繁殖性能没有显著影响。     

可溶性和非可溶性纤维对母猪胚胎成活率及生产性能的影响

两个试验评价了可溶性纤维(SF)和非可溶性纤维(ISF)对怀孕期母猪胚胎成活率及母猪生产性能的影响。在试验1中,43头母猪任意分为4组,对照组为玉米-豆粕型日粮(SF,1.16%;ISF,9.98%);30%燕麦皮组(SF,3.02%;ISF,10.06%);12%麸皮组(SF,1.08%;ISF,18.09%);21%大豆皮组(SF,2.46%;ISF,24.55%)。母猪采食的日粮按初始体重配制,满足每天营养需要。在母猪发情期,使用受精管人工授精3次,在怀孕32d左右收集繁殖胚胎。数据分析包括日粮对怀孕期间的影响这一共同变数。各日粮组母猪排卵速度差异不显著(平均14.1)。与对照组和燕麦皮组相比,麸皮组和大豆皮组活的胚胎数量较少,活的胚胎数分别为9.9和9.1,对照组和燕麦皮组活胚胎数分别为11.9和10.6。饲喂大豆皮组母猪胚胎的整体存活率显著低于对照组和燕麦皮组(P<0.05)。这些结果表示,日粮饲喂高水平的非可溶性纤维可能会降低整体胚胎的存活率,而不影响排卵速度。在试验2中,将716头母猪安排在3个小试验中。小试验1为玉米-豆粕组(对照组,SF,0.43%;ISF,10.5%,n=122)和31%燕麦皮组(SF,1.93%;ISF,8.87%,n=124)。小试验2为对照组(n=97)和13%麸皮组(SF,1.1%;ISF,17.67%,n=119)。小试验3为对照组(n=123)和21%大豆皮组(SF,1.5%;ISF,17.77%,n=131),在配种后2d提供给母猪日粮,所有的母猪采食标准的泌乳母猪日粮。数据分析包括日粮的影响、组别、遗传以及它们的相互关系。怀孕期间母猪可溶性纤维和非可溶性纤维的水平不影响产仔数。在泌乳期间,与对照组相比,饲喂高可溶性纤维和非可溶性纤维水平母猪有较高的日采食量和较低的泌乳失重(P<0.01)。在本试验的研究条件下,从妊娠2d到109d增加日粮可溶性纤维和非可溶性纤维水平并不增加产仔数。     

日粮代谢能水平对母猪生理状态及繁殖性能的影响

本研究旨在研究不同代谢能水平日粮对妊娠和哺乳期母猪生理状态、繁殖性能及血清生化指标的影响.试验将60头妊娠28 d、平均体重为(131.96±0.52)kg的头胎二元母猪随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头.T1～T3组妊娠母猪分别饲喂代谢能水平为3150、3250和3350 kcal/kg的日粮,粗蛋白质水平均为...     

泌乳期母猪的饲喂频率对其体况、生产和繁殖性能的影响

文章评估了哺乳期间母猪的饲喂频率(2或3次/d)对母猪体况、繁殖性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选择68头母猪,随机分为8组(每组8~10头母猪),哺乳期间其中4组母猪每天饲喂2次,另外4组每天饲喂3次,母猪分为青年母猪(<2胎次)和老龄母猪(≥3胎次),试验结束后记录母猪体况评分、肩部组织病变、发情率、母猪生产及仔猪生长性能。结果显示:每天饲喂3次的母猪比饲喂2次的母猪采食量高(P<0.05),肩部组织病变低(P<0.05)。在每天饲喂3次的母猪中,青年母猪返情率为0%,老龄母猪返情率为29%,而在每天饲喂2次的母猪中,青年母猪发情率为20%,老龄母猪为5%。综上所述,在哺乳期,母猪每天饲喂3次较每天饲喂2次提高了采食量,对母猪体况评分和肩部组织病变有改善作用,同时也降低了年轻母猪的返情率。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance,milk compositions and blood profiles in lactating sows

Twenty‐four multiparous sows were used to investigate the effects of dietary glucose inclusion on reproductive performance, milk compositions, blood metabolites and hormones during lactation. The sows were randomly assigned to four treatments and each treatment had six replicates (sows). The diets were added with 0%, 1%, 3% or 5% glucose at the expense of corn and fed to sows for 24 days. The loss of backfat thickness during lactation was quadratically decreased (p = 0.008) and the wean‐to‐oestrus interval was shortened (linear, p = 0.013; quadratic, p = 0.009) with increasing levels of dietary glucose supplementation. The reproductive performance was not affected (p > 0.05) by different dietary glucose contents. Increased concentrations of total solid and fat in milk were noted (p < 0.05), whereas there was no difference on colostrum compositions. With increasing levels of dietary glucose inclusion, the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (p = 0.004) and glucose (p = 0.029) were linearly increased at weaning. The concentrations of insulin were increased at post‐farrowing (linear, p = 0.027; quadratic p = 0.013) and weaning (linear, p = 0.029; quadratic, p = 0.017), respectively. Furthermore, the pulses of insulin and FSH at weaning were linearly (p = 0.049) and quadratically (p = 0.015) increased with the increasing levels of dietary glucose inclusion. In conclusion, this study indicated that inclusion of 3% glucose in lactating diet could reduce backfat loss, increase milk fat and have no negative effect on reproductive performance in multiparous sows.     

Inulin and isomalto-oligosaccharide alleviate constipation and improve reproductive performance by modulating motility-related hormones,short-chain fatty acids,and feces microflora in pregnant sows

Constipation in gestating and lactating sows is common and the inclusion of dietary fiber may help to alleviate this problem. We investigated the effects of inulin (INU) and isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO), two sources of soluble dietary fiber, on gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), fecal microflora, and reproductive performance in pregnant sows. On day 64 of gestation, 30 sows were randomly divided into three groups and fed as follows: a basal diet, a basal diet with 0.5% INU, and a basal diet with 0.5% IMO. We found that INU and IMO significantly modulated the levels of gastrointestinal motility-related hormones, as evidenced by an increase in substance P (P < 0.05), and a decrease in the vasoactive intestinal peptide concentrations (P < 0.05), indicating the capacity of INU and IMO to alleviate constipation. Furthermore, IMO enhanced the concentrations of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids in the feces (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing showed that IMO and INU increased the fecal microflora α- and β-diversity (P < 0.05). Methanobrevibacter was more abundant (P < 0.05), whereas the richness of Turicibacter was lower in the INU and IMO groups than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, IMO significantly increased litter size (P < 0.05). Overall, our findings indicate that INU and IMO can relieve constipation, optimize intestinal flora, and promote reproductive performance in pregnant sows.     

Season-dependent effect of daily frequency of feed distribution on the rate of feed consumption and reproductive performance in sows during lactation

The effects of the daily frequency of feed distribution (once, One; twice, Two; and four times, Four,) on the rate of feed consumption (RFC) and reproductive performance were investigated in Large White sows farrowing in the hot season from June to September (H sows) and in the rest of the year (R sows). The RFC was greater in feeding treatment Four than Two (P < 0.01) in H sows; however, bodyweight loss during lactation was not affected by the feeding treatment. No difference in effects of frequency of feed distribution for sows was observed on piglet growth. The survival rate of the piglets was not different between feeding treatments. The number of sows that came into estrus within 7 days post‐weaning was smaller in the feeding treatment Four than One (P < 0.05) in H sows and those of Four than One (P < 0.01) and Two (P < 0.05) in R sows. These results suggest that in sows during lactation increasing the daily frequency of feed distribution may have a negative effect on reproductive performance.     

维生素及类维生素对母猪繁殖性能的影响

当前非洲猪瘟给我国养猪业造成很大的损失,繁殖母猪的存栏量急剧减少,造成猪肉供需平衡失调。那么,如何提高母猪的繁殖性能,提供更多的商品猪,成为养殖场管理者关注的焦点。文章就提高母猪繁殖性能的关键环节和维生素及类维生素对母猪繁殖性能影响进行综述。     

镁对母猪繁殖性能的影响及其可能机理

镁是生物体内重要的阳离子,有重要的生理学功能,镁影响母猪繁殖性能已有报道.有关镁影响母猪繁殖性能的机理目前还缺乏深入研究报道.文章简述镁对母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据镁的生理功能从其抗应激、抗氧化、影响骨骼发育和免疫状态等角度阐述其可能机理.     

饲养管理、环境及体况对妊娠母猪繁殖性能影响的研究进展

在母猪饲养过程中,通过考虑到个体差异可以降低饲料成本,从而提高动物生产效率.因此,对母猪进行精准饲喂可以提供有关动物生产性能和生活条件的实时信息,这些信息应被集成到需求估计中.到目前为止,只有体重和背膘厚度的生产数据被集成到个体营养需求计算中.但文献报道,健康状况和行为(如身体活动、社会行为和在围栏中的位置)会强烈影响...     

香味剂对高温应激条件下母猪泌乳性能的影响

试验旨在研究高温应激条件下,日粮添加香味剂对母猪泌乳和产仔性能及仔猪生长性能的影响。选择平均胎次为2.5、妊娠110 d的母猪300头,随机分为3组,每组100头猪。采用单因素试验设计,共3种日粮,处理1组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,处理2组在基础日粮中添加250 g/kg香味剂,处理3组在基础日粮中添加500 g/kg香味剂,试验由分娩当天开始,到断奶再发情结束。各组对母猪的采食量有显著影响,其中处理3组较处理1组和处理2组显著提高了母猪采食量(P <0.05),处理2组显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。与处理2组相比,处理3组使母猪的采食量提高了9.6%(P <0.05)。处理3组较处理2组及处理2组较处理1组显著提高了断奶后仔猪头数(P <0.05)。与处理2和处理1组相比,处理3组显著提高了泌乳期间仔猪的平均日增重(P <0.05),同时也显著提高了仔猪的断奶重(P <0.05)。处理1组呼吸频率最低(P <0.05),香味剂对直肠温度也有显著影响,处理2组和处理3组直肠温度显著高于处理1组(P <0.05)。综上所述,高温应激条件下,日粮添加香味剂可以提高母猪的采食量和泌乳性能,同时采食量的提高可以促进仔猪生长性能,降低热应激对母猪的负面影响。     

Effects of alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on antioxidative ability and performance of sows and nursing piglets

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of alpha‐lipoic acid (LA) supplementation during late‐gestation and lactation on antioxidative ability and performance of sows and their nursing piglets. A total of 160 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to four treatments with 40 replicates per treatment according to parity number and backfat (BF) thickness. Sows were fed 1 of 4 diets from day 85 of gestation to day 21 of lactation. Diets were control without LA; 400 ppm LA supplementation; 600 ppm LA supplementation; and 800 ppm LA supplementation. BF thickness of sows was determined on day 85 and 110 of gestation and days 1 and 21 of lactation. Piglet bodyweight was measured at birth, days 7, 14 and 21. Blood samples were obtained from the sows, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of the sows during lactation was recorded. There were no differences in BF thickness or ADFI among treatment groups. Dietary LA supplementation resulted in a decrease in blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) concentration at days 110 of gestation. Dietary 800 ppm LA increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activity (p < 0.05) and reduced maleic dialdehyde levels (p < 0.01) of sows compared with the control diet at days 21 of lactation. Alpha‐lipoic acid supplementation increased the birthweight and weaning weight of piglets (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Weight gains of piglets from sows fed the 800 ppm LA diets were greater (p < 0.01) between days 7 and 14 compared with piglets from control sows. Weight gains of piglets from sows fed the LA‐supplemented diets were greater between days 14 and 21 (p < 0.05) and between days 1 and 21 (p < 0.01) compared with piglets from control‐fed sows. In conclusion, the results indicate that antioxidant LA was effective in enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity and improving the performance of sows and their nursing piglets.