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灰色系统理论在我国湖泊富营养化程度评价中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
简介了灰色聚类方法,并应用了湖泊富营养化的评价中。对我国8个湖泊的富营养化的评价结果结果表明:重富营养湖泊由强致弱为:东山湖〈玄武湖〈甘棠湖〉西湖〉巢湖;中富营养湖泊为:邛海〉博斯腾湖;中营养湖泊:洱海。 相似文献
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针对近30年来江苏省湖泊富营养化问题较为严重的现状,2016年4-5月(春季)和7-9月(夏季)进行了6个典型湖泊(白马湖、宝应湖、高邮湖、邵伯湖、长荡湖、滆湖)水生植物的野外分布情况调查,计算其优势度,判定典型湖泊的水生植物优势种。结果表明,江苏省6个典型湖泊常见水生植物19科、29种,呈现明显的季节及地域差异,主要优势种为芦苇(Phragmites australis)、茭草(Zizania latifolia)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、穗状狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、荇菜(Nymphoides peltata)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)及野菱(Trapa natans),生活型主要以挺水植物为主。综合营养指数法评价结果显示,6个典型湖泊均属于富营养化湖泊;其中长荡湖和滆湖为中度富营养水平,白马湖、宝应湖、高邮湖、邵泊湖均达到轻度富营养化水平。结合环境因子相关性和冗余分析(RDA),认为总氮(TN)、五日生化需氧量(BOD_5)是影响江苏省湖泊优势水生植物生长分布最主要的环境因子。 相似文献
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为了解淡水混养鱼塘的水环境效应,以2012年5~10月养殖期内广西武鸣县淡水混养鱼塘水体总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)的监测数据为基础,分别根据湖泊富营养化程度等级划分标准和农业部《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》对养殖池塘以及进、排水口的水体进行综合水质标识指数评价,结合TN/TP(质量比)变化分析富营养化的主控因子。试验结果:养殖期内池塘水经历了Ⅴ(中—富)营养型—Ⅵ(富)营养型—Ⅴ(中—富)营养型的变化,混养鱼塘水体的湖泊富营养化治理目标等级Ⅳ(中)的达标率为0%;进、出水口水体的TN和CODMn含量差异显著,进水口的水质明显优于出水口;根据《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》,出水口水质的达标率为100%。影响混养鱼塘水体富营养化的水质因子依次是TN、TP、CODMn,TN是富营养化的主要影响因子。结果表明,该方法计算简便,结果可信,适用于混养鱼塘水体富营养化评价。 相似文献
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洞庭湖氮污染的环境损益分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
1 引言关于湖泊富营养化的评价,国内外均做了大量工作,提出了特征法、参数法、生物指标法、营养状态指数法等方法。有关湖泊水质的评价方法就更多,这些方法大都是以某种污染物浓度或参数先进行单项评价,进而取权值得到一个综合指数。这些指数缺乏明确的物理意义,并且未能与湖泊的使用功能相联系,难以更科学、更直观地为湖泊功能的保护提供有效手段和方法。氮是湖泊富营养化的重要指标,其在洞庭湖水体中污染比较突出。本文依据洞庭湖总氮污染状况,结合洞庭湖的潜在使用价值或资源量,得出洞庭湖氮污染引起的资源或其价值的损失量,从… 相似文献
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参照国家海水水质标准(GB3097-1997)和海水的富营养化特点,选取活性磷酸盐(PO43--P)、溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解氧(DO)、化学需氧量(COD)和叶绿素a(Chl-a)为评价指标,将富营养化程度分为3个级别,利用灰类白化权函数描述海水富营养化的等级界限,确定各指标在灰类中的聚类权及聚类系数,确定各聚类对象的等级,在此基础上建立海水富营养化综合评价模型。以胶州湾为研究对象,对2009年5月和8月的监测数据进行分析,结果表明,胶州湾东部海域已达到富营养化,西部和北部海域处于中度营养水平,湾中和湾口附近海域处于贫营养水平,这与沿岸河流、工农业废水、生活污水和养殖废水的排放、湾内海水与外海水的交换速率以及水域水深条件密切相关。灰色聚类法评价的胶州湾水域的富营养化状态与真实情况接近,因此,利用灰色聚类法评价海水富营养化是一种快速、简便、客观的方法。 相似文献
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当前湖泊环境保护的重要课题之一是防治湖泊富营养化。所谓富营养化是指湖泊水体接纳过多的氮、磷等营养性物质,使藻类以及其它水生生物过量繁殖,水体透明度下降,溶解氧降低,造成湖泊水质恶化,从而使湖泊生态系统和水域功能受到损害和破坏。洞庭湖是我国第二大淡水湖泊,对湖南及长江流域的环境状况和经济的发展有着重要的影响。为使洞庭湖延缓老化、消亡及富营养化,更好地为经济建设服务,开展洞庭湖水质营养状况的监测、评价,及时地了解洞庭湖的营养动态,将具有十分重要的意义。一、工作方法 相似文献
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关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。 相似文献
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M. W. APRAHAMIAN P. HICKLEY B. A. SHIELDS G. W. MAWLE 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2010,17(2):93-105
Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ~1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge. 相似文献
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为研究斑海豹生长规律,达到科学饲养的目的,对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检,获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息;通过SPSS 13.0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据,雌性11头,雄性19头。统计分析发现:logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ;体质量-体长关系为(r2=0.908);研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律,而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异(体长:P >0.05;体质量:P >0.05)。 相似文献
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C.D. de Silva 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(4):339-349
An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed. 相似文献
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César Salazar Marcela Jaime Yanina Figueroa Rodrigo Fuentes 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2018,22(2):151-167
In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations. 相似文献
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Declines in chinook salmon catches in the Strait of Georgia in relation to shifts in the marine environment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
RICHARD J. BEAMISH BRIAN E. RIDDELL CHRYS-ELLEN M. NEVILLE BARBARA L. THOMSON ZIYANG ZHANG 《Fisheries Oceanography》1995,4(3):243-256
Chinook, Oncurhynchus tshawytscha, catches in the Strait of Georgia increased in the 1970s and reached maximum levels from 1976 to 1978. Catches then declined until they stabilized through regulation at levels approximately one-quarter of the 1976 to 1978 levels. The timing of the decline in catch was synchronous with an increase in the mean temperature of the Strait of Georgia, a decline in annual Fraser River flows, and an abrupt decrease in the marine survival of hatchery-reared chinook released into the Strait of Georgia. Surprisingly, the number of young chinook salmon (smolts) more than doubled over the period of declining catches compared with the number produced during the period of high catches. The increase in smolt abundance was a consequence of the production from hatcheries that was approximately equal to wild production. We conclude that there was a change in the carrying capacity for chinook salmon in the Strait of Georgia in the late 1970s that contributed to the declines in abundance and that rebuilding stocks to the high abundance of the late 1970s is unlikely until the carrying capacity for chinook salmon changes either naturally or through manipulation. Although we did not separate density-dependent and density-independent effects on marine survival, the current total number of chinook smolts produced appears larger than required for the current marine carrying capacity. 相似文献
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20 0 1年我们与河北水利厅合作 ,特聘请上海水产大学的专家对我们这里的三座水库进行资源调查 ,专家们认为小海子水库是天然的养蟹基地。这是一个浅碟型平原型水库 ,库底平坦 ,水草丰茂 ,枯水季节生长的水草可达水面 70 %左右 ,底部腐植淤泥层厚 15cm左右 ,水色呈绿褐色 ,透明度在5 0~ 80cm ,日照时间长 ,日照数波动在 12 2 7~2 74 8h ,年平均气温为 13 5℃ ,日平均气温变动在 - 4 7~ 2 8 2℃之间 ,库区最高气温 39 8℃ ,最低 - 13 8℃ ,月平均水温变化为 2 4~ 2 2 9℃之间 ,月平均最高水温在 7月和 8月 ,最低在 12月和 1月。由于水… 相似文献