Resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi,M. fallax and M. hapla in wild tuber-bearing Solanum spp.

Summary Over 5000 plants from 64 tuber-bearing wild Solanum spp. have been individually screened for resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. hapla. Seedlings were analyzed by means of counting number of egg masses and resistance was verified by retesting low-scoring plants using stem cuttings. Resistance to both M. chitwoodi and M. fallax was observed in S. bulbocastanum, S. cardiophyllum, S. brachistotrichum, S. fendleri and S. hougasii. Only in S. chacoense and to a lesser extent in S. stoloniferum and S. gourlayi differential results between M. chitwoodi and M. fallax were observed. Resistance to M. hapla was found in S. bulbocastanum, S. brachistotrichum, S. cardiophyllum, S. arnezii, S. chacoense, S. tarijense, S. boliviense, S. gourlayi, S. microdontum, S. sparsipilum, S. spegazzinii, S. sucrense, S. acaule and S. hougasii. The occurrence of resistance in wild Solanum species in relation to their taxonomic status and the implications for introgression of resistance into S. tuberosum are discussed.     

贵州蔷薇属一新变种——光枝无子刺梨

报道中国贵州蔷薇科蔷薇属一新变种:光枝无子刺梨(Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi vat.leioclada M.T.An.Y.Z.Cheng et M.Zhong).     

贵州蔷薇属一新变种——光枝无子刺梨

报道中国贵州蔷薇科蔷薇属一新变种:光枝无子刺梨(Rosa sterilisS. D. Shi var. leioclada M. T. An,Y. Z. Cheng et M. Zhong)。     

Crosses between Beta vulgaris L. and Beta lomatogona F. et M.

Summary A population of 2x^ms sugar beets was crossed with 4x Beta lomatogona F. et M. The 3x F₁-plants were male sterile and were backcrossed with 2x and 4x sugar beets and multiplied without pollination as well. After the 1st backcross mainly 3x apomict types arose again and, among others, a small number of successful 4x backcrosses. After pollination by 4x sugar beets this 4x F₁ B₁ produced. besides predominatly apomictically multiplied 4x plants, also about 7% haploid 2x hybrids. The latter probably possess 1 genome from B. vulgaris and 1 genome from B. lomatogona. In the meiosis of the PMC's a certain amount of homeology between a number of chromosomes of both species could be established. The amphihaploid hybrids can be used as breeding parents for the creation of types in which introgession can occur. During hybridization in addition to 2x and 4x B. vulgaris types a number of 2x-, 3x-, 5x- and 6x-hybrids arose. This is presumably caused by the presence of gametes with the somatic number of chromosomes and the occurrence sometimes of haploid apomictic multiplication.The presence of large numbers of bolters in the F₁ and F₁ B₁ suggests that the bolting tendency of both species is based on different genes.     

以重组并购促进我国种业做大做强——解读《国务院关于促进企业兼并重组的意见》

2010年9月6日,国务院向各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府以及国务院各部委、各直属机构发布《国务院关于促进企业兼并重组的意见》（以下简称《意见》）,要求各地区、各有关部门把促进企业兼并重组作为贯彻落实科学发展观,保持经济平稳较快发展的重要任务,进一步统一思想,正确处理局部与整体、当前与长远的关系,切实抓好促进企业兼并重组各项工作部署的贯彻落实。为此,针对我国种业的发展,我们尝试解读《意见》。     

Morphological characteristics of hybrids between white clover, Trifolium repens L., and Caucasian clover, Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb

Hybrids between the stoloniferous Trifolium repens (2n = 4x = 32) and the rhizomatous Trifolium ambiguum (2n = 4x = 32) have been produced using T. repens as the recurrent parent. Morphological characteristics of the parent species and the F₁, BC1, BC2 and BC3 hybrids were examined in a glasshouse experiment. Leaflet ratios and general plant shape indicated that the BC3 hybrid was similar to T. repens. Separation of plants into components of above- and below-ground growth showed that T. repens had a greater total plant dry weight than T. ambiguum but 24% of its dry weight was in roots compared with 22% in roots and 44% in rhizomes in T. ambiguum. The BC3 generation contained plants that were predominantly T. repens-like with stolons, but also had a small proportion of their total dry weight (3%) as rhizome, confirming the potential to produce plants that combine stoloniferous and rhizomatous growth. The proportions of rhizome and stolon varied within the BC3 generation, enabling farther selection and plant breeding. The BC3 hybrids produced similar numbers of inflorescences to T. repens however, fertility was lower, although there was some variation within the BC3 for both characters.     

Oil composition of Mentha aquatica-M. longifolia F1 hybrids and M. dumetorum

Summary If M. aquatica (2n=96) having the genotype cc AA ff RR, 60–80% menthofuran, but almost no menthone, menthol, and menthyl acetate is hybridized with M. longifolia (2n=24) having the genotype cc aa FF rr, 4–5% piperitone and 66% piperitone oxide all F₁ hybrids have the genotype cc Aa Ff Rr. They also differ from either parent in having about 1.2–5.5% menthone, 4–42% menthol, 2–20% menthyl acetate, and usually only 1–7% menthofuran. However a few individuals may have as much as 41% disomenthone, 6% pulegone, 45% menthofuran or 10% beta-caryophyllene. M. dumetorum, considered by taxonomists to be a natural M. aquatica-M. longifolia F₁ hybrid, has the same 14 oil constituents observed in the experimentally produced hybrids. Thirteen of the oil constituents of the single M. dumetorum strain are within the quantitative range of 9 highly variable hybrids. The 17% pulegone of the natural strain was higher than the 6% observed in the hybrids. The M. aquatica-M. longifolia F₁ hybrids have the same major oil constituents as M. piperita but in very different quantitative proportions. Since the sporophytic chromosome number of M. dumetorum has been reported as 72, 84, or 96, the suggestion is made that some strains are secondary hybrids from backcrossing and that others with 72 chromosomes may be F₁ hybrids between M. aquatica and piperitone strains of M. spicata or M. crispa. Hybrids with polyploid M. longifolia are not greatly different in oil composition.     

驱蚊草组织培养和快速繁殖技术的研究

采用植物组织培养技术,利用驱蚊草顶芽及带腋芽茎段为外植体,开展驱蚊草的诱导分化、芽苗增殖、壮苗培养、生根和移栽等系列研究。结果表明,采用二次消毒方法,有利于无菌系的建立;在无菌系建立后,以带叶柄叶片为材料,在MS+BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L培养基上进行培养,可分化、获得高达60%的正常丛生芽;以1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L为丛生芽增殖继代培养基,不仅能够满足快繁、增殖,同时也能够降低驱蚊草试管苗玻璃比发生频率;生根培养基用1/2MS+6-BA0.1mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L外加AC0.5mg/L,炼苗后将瓶苗移栽到泥炭土、沙、蛭石(质量比为2:3:1)的基质中,控温、保温、保湿栽,成活率可达80%左右。     

玉米象生物生态学及防治技术研究进展

玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky)属鞘翅目(Coleoptera)象甲科(Curculionidae),是一种重要的仓储物初期性害虫,被列为头号毁灭性贮粮害虫。从温度、湿度和营养对玉米象生物学特性的影响及防治现状总结了目前的研究进展,从玉米象种群变动规律、开展玉米象种群危害模型的组建、重视玉米象无公害防治技术等角度指出了玉米象今后的研究重点,为更系统地防治玉米象提供技术支撑。     

新疆阿魏种子休眠特性及发芽条件研究

通过TTC染色法及白菜种子萌发试验研究了新疆阿魏种子的休眠特性及温度和GA3对其休眠的破除。结果表明,新疆阿魏种子具有较高活力(80.8%),但种子中含有抑制种子萌发的成分;低温和GA3均可一定程度地解除新疆阿魏种子的休眠,但二者协同作用效果明显,其中以4℃和500 mg/L GA3的处理组合为最佳,处理50天后发芽率达到了60.0%。     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方分离株S1、N和M基因的克隆与表达

摘要：将IBVSX16株的S1、N和M基因克隆入真核表达载体pVAX1,构建IBV真核表达载体pVAX1-16S1、pVAX1-16N和pVAX1-16M。体外转染BHK-21细胞,用间接ELISA检测到目的蛋白表达,用构建的3个表达载体免疫小鼠,从小鼠血清中检测到了抗IBV抗体,初步证实用IBVS1、N和M基因作为核酸疫苗免疫动物,可以激活机体免疫应答。     

Rhizobium specificity of Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb × T. repens L. hybrid clovers

Growth of full-sib families of an F₁ interspecific hybrid between Trifolium ambiguum M.Bieb and T. repens L, and two generations of backcross hybrids (BC₁F₂ and BC₂F₁) with T. repens as the recurrent parent, were compared to their parental species. Plants were grown in a N-free medium and inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii rhizobia effective on T. ambiguum or T. repens. Hybridisation produced progeny that nodulated with rhizobia from either T. ambiguum or T. repens, but plant growth varied. Mean weights of T. repens and hybrids, particularly F₁ and BC₁F₂, were higher when inoculated with a mixture of strains isolated from field grown T. repens than with the New Zealand inoculant strain for T. repens. When inoculated with the mix of rhizobia from T. repens, mean weights were 242, 189, 132, 125, and 100 mg/plant for T. repens, BC₂F₁, BC₁F₂, F₁ and T. ambiguum, respectively. However, although the mean weight of BC₂F₁ lines was significantly less than T. repens, there was considerable variation in individual full-sib families indicating the potential to select within BC₂F₁ hybrids for high plant growth/symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The weight of T. ambiguumplants inoculated with the New Zealand inoculant strain for hexaploid T. ambiguum was similar to T. repens inoculated with the mix of rhizobia from T. repens (253 and 242 mg/plant, respectively). Mean fresh weights of F₁ hybrid plants were similar when inoculated with rhizobia for T. ambiguum or T. repens (125 and 130 mg/plant, respectively). However, weight of T. repens, BC₁F₂ and BC₂F₁ hybrids inoculated with rhizobia for T. ambiguum were all less than 90 mg/plant. There was a significant relationship between plant fresh weight and ethylene production. The results indicate that measuring weights of inoculated plants growing in N-free media is a rapid initial method of screening a range of plant germplasm for plant growth/symbiotic nitrogen fixation rates. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.